A detecção é um fator que afeta a magnitude estimada de fauna atropelada, informação relevante nos estudos e trabalhos de biologia da conservação. Em rodovias, a estimativa da detecção é afetada por diferentes elementos, como os tipos de pavimento; os atributos das carcaças; as particularidades dos diferentes observadores e o método utilizado para aferição. Nosso trabalho avalia essas questões, especifica o esforço amostral e corrige a estimativa de fauna atropelada em relação à detecção. Encontramos diferença na estimativa de detecção entre os diferentes pavimentos; entre as carcaças similares e contrastantes ao substrato; entre os diferentes observadores e verificamos que através do monitoramento a pé não se detecta a totalidade das carcaças. Esses resultados e a estimativa de fauna atropelada corrigida comprovam a importância da aferição da detecção antes e depois da pavimentação das rodovias, através de método experimental. Sendo que o experimento deve contemplar a implantação de diferentes carcaças e ser realizado pelas equipes que participaram dos monitoramentos de fauna. / Detection is a factor that affects the estimated magnitude of the roadkill and is relevant information in biological conservation studies. In roads, the detection estimation is affected by many factors, such as type of paving, the carcasses traits, the particularities of different observers and the method used for measurement. Our study evaluates these questions, specify the sample effort and correct the roadkill magnitude in relation to detection. We found differences in the estimation of detection between the different kinds of paving, between carcasses similar to the paving and between those contrasting to the substrate. We also found differences between different observers and thus monitoring by walking does not detect all carcasses. These results and the roadkill magnitude corrected demonstrate the importance of the standardization of the detection before and after the paving of roads, via experimental methods. However, the experiment should include the implementation of different substrates and should be carried out by the teams that have already participated in the monitoring of fauna.

The thesis deals with the relationship between legal protection of competition on the market and legal protection of inventions, illustrated by the relations emerging in connection with licensing of patents. Text of the thesis is divided into four chapters, first two of which constitute a basis for the analysis of chosen subject-matter covered in two subsequent chapters. The topic of the thesis is explored from the viewpoint of competition law; therefore the first chapter introduces competition law foundations and legislation in the EU and the Czech Republic. Besides basic legal institutes the thesis pays attention to legislation and judicial decisions related to technological markets on which patents and their licensing constitute a common part of business strategies. Second chapter covers industrial property protection of inventions in Czech legislation, its foundations and its interconnection with such protection on the international level. The third chapter discusses technology transfer, i.e. transmission of technology information between undertakings on the market. Such information is protected mostly by patents hence it constitutes the issue of both competition law and patent law. With regard to the territorial and exclusive character of the rights resulting from a patent, there are...

Magister Legum - LLM / The aim of this work is to analyse the current provisions on domestic regulation contained in the GATS, as well as to examine the negotiations on future disciplines currently being worked on by WTO members. In particular it aims to see what impact these rules will have on the licensing of telecoms services. In addition the study seeks to investigate whether, on a proper analysis and understanding of the legal texts on domestic regulation, the claims made by some civil society organisations and NGOs are valid. / South Africa

This diploma thesis is focused on the financial market supervision, especially on terms and conditions of entry into the financial market and the role of the Czech National Bank in this area. The thesis mentions some arguments for the need of financial market regulation and supervision and explains the importance of the quality licence system. There is also an analysis on institutional organization of financial market regulation and supervision and contemporary trends. The thesis compares and contrasts legislation on licences for different types of the financial institutions. Together with development of the financial market and the economic situation in the Czech Republic during the past 20 years (1989 -- 2009) the thesis also points out substantial changes and improvements in primary and secondary legislation in the area of licensing.

Diploma thesis deals with trademarks and licensing agreements for trademarks. The work evaluates and assesses the effectiveness of the legislation in connection with its application by the conclusion of license agreements in practice. The first chapter of the work focuses on the international and the community sources of legislation which are the basis for national adaptation. Another part is devoted to analysis of the constitution of the trade marks legislation significant for the conclusion of license agreements and to the assessment of their effectiveness, clarity and understandability in relation to practice. The third chapter assesses the constitution of the Commercial Code governing the licence agreemants and points to the frequent types of violations of licensing. It is a recommendation for the consclusion of licensing agreements for the mark without any problems.

On étudie dans cette thèse le transfert de technologie à travers la licence de brevet dans des modèles à la Hotelling, à la Salop puis à deux dimensions. On trouve que le régime optimal dépend des coûts de production , de la taille de l'innovation et du modèle géographique de la localisation des consommateurs. On montre qu'un prix fixe peut être optimal dans un modèle à deux dimensions et qu'une royaltie peut être optimale même pour une innovation intense dans un modèle à la Hotelling quand les coûts sont asymétriques et que la firme innovatrice est inefficiente en terme de coûts. / We study in this thesis technology transfer through patent licensing in a Hotelling mdel, a Salop model and a two dimensionnal model. We find that the optimal licensing regime depends on the costs, on the size of the innovation and the geographic model of consumers locations. We show that a fixed fee can be optimal in a two dimensionnal model and that royalty licensing can be optimal even for a drastic ennovation in a Hotelling model with asymmetric costs and ineficient patent holder.

<p>When the #MeToo movement hit its height, many of the powerful figures who were accused of harassment were people who had been previously seen as virtuous (Stockdale, Bell, Crosby, & Berdahl, 2019). The present study investigated how embodied power influenced sexual harassment (SH) judgments by manipulating the initiator to embody responsibility-focused, or self-focused power (compared to a control), and whether moral licensing, operationalized through moral crediting and moral credentialing, would mediate relations between power embodiment and SH judgments. Participants were 376 adults (42% female) residing in the U.S. who were recruited through Mturk. Moral crediting was significantly higher for perpetrators described as embodying responsibility-focused power, compared to a control condition (no power cues), which in turn was higher than perpetrators described as embodying self-focused power. Moral crediting was positively related to false accusations, SH severity (opposite of predictions), and severity of punishment. Additionally, there were gender differences in moral crediting such that the effects of power-embodiment on moral crediting were stronger for women than for men, though both were significant. Taken together, the findings of this study indicate that some initiators evade censure as their actions are seen as less severe when others believe them to have embodies responsibility-focused power. This should serve as an indication that SH is not always done by “bad actors”, but by those who appear to be virtuous. These findings should inform future SH policies, research, and training.</p>

IEEE-CS is pursuing licensing for software engineers, but ACM believes that software engineering is too immature, and regulating the profession would be premature. In 1996, Norman Gibbs and Gary Ford from Carnegie Mellon University performed a qualitative survey of the maturity of the software engineering profession. I apply this model to the present state of the art in software engineering and analyze the results for 2010. I analyze the maturity of software engineering to determine that the profession is not yet ready for licensure. This is not because the infrastructure of software engineering is too immature, but because we have failed to establish an appropriate body of knowledge for software engineers. I also show that once an appropriate body of knowledge is established, licensure will be an appropriate next step and will open the way for the profession to fully mature.

This thesis aims to examine the current state of business models among game developers and how subscription licensing between platforms and developers currently works. With this foundation the potential future impacts are discussed. The thesis accomplishes this by interviewing developers and using literature data from interviews, articles, and market research. The findings are that the business models of the gaming industry are diverse but that they are tied to the type of game they are implemented in, certain models work better on certain types of games and certain platforms. The agreements surrounding the subscription model between developers and platforms are currently about revenue guarantees or advance payments plus revenue inside games. There is much uncertainty about how the agreements will look in the future. How the agreements are designed will impact developers greatly and change how content is designed and made. / Det här examensarbetet ämnar undersöka hur affärsmodeller används bland utvecklare i spelindustrin och hur prenumerationsliscensering mellan plattformar och utvecklare fungerar idag. Med denna grund diskuteras i examensarbetet den möjliga framtida påverkan av detta. Detta görs med hjälp av intervjuer med utvecklare samt en litteraturstudie med data från intervjuer, artiklar och rapporter. Resultaten är att affärsmodeller inom spelindustrin är spridda i spelindustrin och att de är bundna till vilken slags spel de implementeras i, vissa modeller fungerar bättre i vissa spel och plattformar. Prenumerationsmodellen mellan plattformar och utvecklare kretsar idag kring vinstgarantier och förbetalning plus vinst inuti spel. Det finns en stor osäkerhetkring hur förhållandet kommer se ut i framtiden och hur det ser ut kommer påverka utvecklare och speldesign till hög grad.

This three-year study is an ethnography of communication of a private high school in Japan. The purpose of this study is to investigate how teachers at this private high school understand their environment in the context of changes in Japanese education and even larger changes in Japanese society. These changes include a decreasing population in Japan, shifting university admission policies, and changes to teacher licensing regulations. Methods of data collection include participant observations, interviews, artifact collection, and focus groups. Although the focus is on teachers, students and informants outside of the school are included in order to provide a fuller picture of the context in which the study is conducted. These data are viewed through the lens of Communities of Practice developed by Etienne Wenger and also through the Ethnography of Communication framework. The intended audience for this study includes people interested in cross-cultural studies, Japanese studies, educators teaching in or studying secondary education outside of Japan, teacher trainers, and western educators working in Japan as well as Japanese educators. The findings suggest that changes in student population numbers, university entrance requirements, and licensing procedures have all placed new demands upon teachers. Japan’s decreasing population places greater requirements upon teachers in private high schools to help with student recruitment, and one way to do this is by supporting efforts to brand the school name. In addition, shifting admission policies have placed an emphasis on the connection between high schools and their associated universities. Schools actively work to protect this relationship by introducing new elements to the curriculum in an attempt to better prepare students for the university experience. Finally, changes to teacher licensing regulations have introduced teacher training to private high schools as well as new members to the central community of practice in the school, the gakunen, or the group of teachers and students assigned to a year grade. The response to these new members has varied both among the newcomers and the teachers who were licensed before the changes were introduced. Further data collection and analysis reveal how other societal trends shape the local practices of teachers, and how the teachers in the gakunen community of practice work at times together, and at times to resolve conflicts with each other, students, and parents as they confront demands being placed on educators in Japan in the 21st century. / Teaching & Learning