No campo das Novas Tecnologias da Comunicação (NTC) se destacam determinadas obras que se caracterizam pela manipulação da cor materializada por fontes luminosas que, articulada poeticamente pelo artista, pode potencializar o diálogo entre obra e receptor. Esta dissertação pretende investigar o modo como a cor, proveniente de fonte luminosa, ao ser manipulada pelo artista, por meio de dispositivos tecnológicos das NTC, pode promover em sua obra um ambiente de sinergia e troca de informações com o receptor. Para contribuir com a compreensão do tema de modo eficaz serão abordados não somente os aspectos de ordem fisiológica, física, psíquica e cultural da cor, mas também, os seus aspectos históricos, investigando-se assim um cenário que propiciou o encontro entre a cor e a tecnologia, tornando compreensível a passagem gradual do uso da cor do objeto para a cor, como fonte de luz na arte. Serão abordados também os conceitos de obra aberta e interatividade nas NTC e sua relação com a cor como fonte luminosa. Uma vez clarificados os conceitos de cor, luz e obra aberta, serão realizadas leituras em obras visando identificar as várias formas como a cor proveniente de fonte luminosa pode ser manipulada pelo artista, tendo em vista a função da cor como peça fundamental e ativa no diálogo entre o receptor e obra. Espera-se que, com base em determinados conceitos, seja possível apreender como o artista utilizou poeticamente a cor como fonte de luz em instalações interativas produzidas pelas NTC visando seduzir o receptor para uma relação de troca com a obra. / In the field of New Technologies of Communication (NTC) some artworks stand out because of their characteristic way of handling materialized color by light sources. Such light sources are poetically articulated by the artist, and they can enhance the dialogue between artwork and receiver. The aim of this dissertation is to investigate how the light-sourced color manipulated by the artist using NTC technological devices can promote an environment of synergy and exchange of information with the receiver. To understand this issue in an effective way, both the physiological, physical, psychological and cultural aspects of the color and its historical aspects are dealt with, thus investigating a scenery that allowed the meeting between color and technology, which made it understandable the gradual shift from the use of the color in a object to the color as a source of light in art. The concepts of open work and interactivity in the NTC and its relation to color as a light source are also discussed. Once the concepts of color, light and open work are set, some artworks are analyzed in order to identify the several ways color from a light source can be manipulated by the artist, considering its active and fundamental role in the dialogue between receiver and artwork. Based on certain concepts, it is expected to be possible to apprehend how the artist used color poetically as a light source in interactive installations produced by NTC in order to seduce the receiver into an exchange relationship with the artwork.

A demanda de largura de banda exigida pelos usuários de redes de acesso vem aumentando rapidamente e a rede óptica passiva baseada em multiplexação por divisão de comprimento de onda (WDM-PON) tem se destacado como a tecnologia capaz de suprir essa demanda. Dessa forma, este trabalho conduz, inicialmente, uma comparação entre uma rede WDM-PON ideal e uma rede TDM-PON, discutindo também aspectos de segurança desta última, bem como estratégias de migração entre estes dois esquemas. Devido ao custo elevado da WDM-PON em seu esquema original, investigou-se em seguida as principais arquiteturas alternativas relatadas na literatura, em busca de maior viabilidade de implementação. Com base nesse estudo, fez-se então uma análise mais profunda sobre topologias recentes derivadas da RITENET, referenciadas na literatura como arquiteturas baseadas em fontes ópticas centralizadas (CLS). Tais configurações são baseadas no travamento de diodos lasers Fabry-Pérot através da injeção do sinal de ASE de um EDFA e foram estudadas por meio de simulações computacionais empregando o software OptiSystem 8.0. / The demand for bandwidth by access networks users has increased rapidly and the Wavelength Division Multiplexing - Passive Optical Network (WDM-PON) has been pointed out as the technology capable of meeting this demand. In this framework, this work initially carries out a comparison between an ideal WDM-PON network and a TDM-PON network, also discussing TDM-PON security issues as well as migration strategies from TDM-PON to WDM-PON configurations. Next, taking into account the high implementation cost of the WDM-PON original scheme, we investigated alternative topologies available in the literature. Based on this study, we performed a more in-depth analysis regarding recently proposed topologies, derived from the RITENET, which are refered at the literature as centralized light sources (CLS) based architectures. Such networks are based on the locking of Fabry-Pérot lasers diodes through the injection of the ASE signal from an EDFA and were studied by using the software OptiSystem 8.0.

No campo das Novas Tecnologias da Comunicação (NTC) se destacam determinadas obras que se caracterizam pela manipulação da cor materializada por fontes luminosas que, articulada poeticamente pelo artista, pode potencializar o diálogo entre obra e receptor. Esta dissertação pretende investigar o modo como a cor, proveniente de fonte luminosa, ao ser manipulada pelo artista, por meio de dispositivos tecnológicos das NTC, pode promover em sua obra um ambiente de sinergia e troca de informações com o receptor. Para contribuir com a compreensão do tema de modo eficaz serão abordados não somente os aspectos de ordem fisiológica, física, psíquica e cultural da cor, mas também, os seus aspectos históricos, investigando-se assim um cenário que propiciou o encontro entre a cor e a tecnologia, tornando compreensível a passagem gradual do uso da cor do objeto para a cor, como fonte de luz na arte. Serão abordados também os conceitos de obra aberta e interatividade nas NTC e sua relação com a cor como fonte luminosa. Uma vez clarificados os conceitos de cor, luz e obra aberta, serão realizadas leituras em obras visando identificar as várias formas como a cor proveniente de fonte luminosa pode ser manipulada pelo artista, tendo em vista a função da cor como peça fundamental e ativa no diálogo entre o receptor e obra. Espera-se que, com base em determinados conceitos, seja possível apreender como o artista utilizou poeticamente a cor como fonte de luz em instalações interativas produzidas pelas NTC visando seduzir o receptor para uma relação de troca com a obra. / In the field of New Technologies of Communication (NTC) some artworks stand out because of their characteristic way of handling materialized color by light sources. Such light sources are poetically articulated by the artist, and they can enhance the dialogue between artwork and receiver. The aim of this dissertation is to investigate how the light-sourced color manipulated by the artist using NTC technological devices can promote an environment of synergy and exchange of information with the receiver. To understand this issue in an effective way, both the physiological, physical, psychological and cultural aspects of the color and its historical aspects are dealt with, thus investigating a scenery that allowed the meeting between color and technology, which made it understandable the gradual shift from the use of the color in a object to the color as a source of light in art. The concepts of open work and interactivity in the NTC and its relation to color as a light source are also discussed. Once the concepts of color, light and open work are set, some artworks are analyzed in order to identify the several ways color from a light source can be manipulated by the artist, considering its active and fundamental role in the dialogue between receiver and artwork. Based on certain concepts, it is expected to be possible to apprehend how the artist used color poetically as a light source in interactive installations produced by NTC in order to seduce the receiver into an exchange relationship with the artwork.

The optical design of a soft X-ray (90-1100~eV) emission spectrometer for the Resonant Elastic and Inelastic X-ray Scattering (REIXS) beamline to be implemented at the CLS is presented. An overview of soft X-ray optical theory as it relates to diffraction gratings is given. The initial constraints and the process that led to this design are outlined. Techniques and software tools that were developed, using ray-tracing and diffraction grating efficiency calculations, are discussed. The analysis completed with these tools to compare existing soft X-ray emission spectrometer designs is presented. Based on this analysis, a new design with superior performance for this application is proposed and reviewed. This design employs Rowland circle geometry to achieve a resolving power in excess of 2,500 in the range of interest. In addition, a novel design is proposed for a larger extremely high resolution spectrometer which will provide resolving powers exceeding 10,000 throughout the higher end of this range. A review is given of research into the components, manufacturing techniques and tolerances that will be required to produce this spectrometer.

The optical design of a soft X-ray (90-1100~eV) emission spectrometer for the Resonant Elastic and Inelastic X-ray Scattering (REIXS) beamline to be implemented at the CLS is presented. An overview of soft X-ray optical theory as it relates to diffraction gratings is given. The initial constraints and the process that led to this design are outlined. Techniques and software tools that were developed, using ray-tracing and diffraction grating efficiency calculations, are discussed. The analysis completed with these tools to compare existing soft X-ray emission spectrometer designs is presented. Based on this analysis, a new design with superior performance for this application is proposed and reviewed. This design employs Rowland circle geometry to achieve a resolving power in excess of 2,500 in the range of interest. In addition, a novel design is proposed for a larger extremely high resolution spectrometer which will provide resolving powers exceeding 10,000 throughout the higher end of this range. A review is given of research into the components, manufacturing techniques and tolerances that will be required to produce this spectrometer.

<p>The Duke storage has been developed as a dedicated driver for the storage ring based free-electron lasers (FEL) and a high flux Compton gamma-ray source, the High Intensity Gamma-ray Source. The storage ring can be operated from about 250 MeV to 1.2 GeV, which can produces FEL lasers over a wide range of wavelengths and gamma-rays with a tunable energy from 1 MeV to 100 MeV. The Duke light source facility conducts world-class researches across a wide range of scientific disciplines and technological applications.</p><p> In a storage ring, beam instabilities can cause a signifcant degradation in machine performance. In the Duke storage ring, coupled-bunch instabilities (CBIs) are the main source which limit ultimately achievable beam current in multi-bunch operations. In order to to suppress CBIs in the Duke storage, we developed a bunch-bybunch longitudinal feedback (LFB) system which is based on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) embedded system. During the design and implementation of the LFB system, several novel methods and techniques are developed in numerical analysis of feedback control and kicker cavity design/fabrication. High current are realized at low energies by using the LFB system. In addition, after the successful commissioning of the LFB system, a analog transverse feedback (TFB) system has been upgraded to a digital one using the same technique as the LFB system. </p><p>The LFB system has been routinely operated for HIGS. Additional,the LFB and TFB feedback systems become an useful diagnostic tools in researches of electron beam dynamics, FEL lasing process, and background of HIGS. The control of CIBs in different operation modes are studied using the feedback system. Furthermore, based on the TFB system, a novel bunch cleaning method has been developed to reduce the background of gamma-ray.</p> / Dissertation

This research has successfully developed a multiple fluorescence detection method for high throughput capillary electrophoresis detection using a digitally-modulated light source and a spectrum detection system. A commercial available LCD (liquid crystal device) projector is adoped to replace the spacially-filttered light source (Hg lamp) in a conventional fluorescence microscopy. The LCD projector can be digitally controlled by a computer to create the three primary colors of RGB (red, green, and blue) for fluorescence excitation in the analytes. The emitted light from the fluorescent samples is then collected using a UV-VIS-NIR spectrometer through a ultimode fiber. Delicate optical components, such as filter wheel or acousto-optic filtering system, for filtering different excitation light sources can be excluded with this simple and novel approach. In addition, the desired wavelength for the excitation light can be selected quickly and smoothly without vibration problems come with the mechanical optical components. Three fluorescent dyes (Atto 647N, Rhodamine B, Fluorescein) with different excitation and emission wavelength has been used to demonstrate the proposed digitally-modulated light source system for high throughput CE system. The optimal operation conditions for obtaining best detection signal-to-noise ratio for different fluorescence dyes are firstly determined. In addition, the current study proposes a mixed-color light (visually in purple) composed of two specific primary lights (red and blue) to simultaneously excite a mixed sample composed of two fluorescent dyes (Atto 647N and FITC). Separation and detection of the mixed fluoresce samples using a single excitation illumination using the proposed digital-modulated CE system is successfully demonstrated. Finally, a single-strand DNA biosample is used to confirmed the proposed system is feasible of adopting in the bio-analytical applications. The technique proposed in this study has shown its potential to be a high throughput CE detection system.

I present in this thesis the design, implementation and measurement results of a narrowband quantum light source based on cavity-enhanced Parametric Down-Conversion (PDC). Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion (SPDC) is the workhorse in the field of optical quantum information and quantum computation, yet it is not suitable for applications where deterministic nonlinearities are required due to its low spectral brightness. By placing the nonlinear crystal inside a cavity, the spectrum of down-conversion is actively modified, such that all the non-resonant modes of down-conversion experience destructive interference, while the resonant mode sees constructive interference, resulting in great enhancement in spectral brightness. I design and construct such a cavity-enhanced down-conversion source with record high spectral brightness, making it possible to use cold atoms as the interaction medium to achieve large nonlinearity between photons. The frequency of the photons is tunable and their coherence time is measured to be on the order of 10 nanoseconds, matching the lifetime of the excited state of typical alkali atoms. I characterize extensively the output of the source by measuring the second-order correlation function, quantifying two-photon indistinguishability, performing quantum state tomography of entangled states, and showing different statistics of the source. The unprecedented long coherence time of the photon pairs has also made possible the encoding of quantum information in the time domain of the photons. I present a theoretical proposal of multi-dimensional quantum information with such long-coherence-time photons and analyze its performance with realistic parameter settings. I implement this proposal with the quantum light source I have built, and show for the first time that a qutrit can be encoded in the time domain of the single photons. I demonstrate the coherence is preserved for the qutrit state, thus ruling out any classical probabilistic explanation of the experimental data. Such an encoding scheme provides an easy access to multi-dimensional systems and can be used as a versatile platform for many quantum information and quantum computation tasks.

I present in this thesis the design, implementation and measurement results of a narrowband quantum light source based on cavity-enhanced Parametric Down-Conversion (PDC). Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion (SPDC) is the workhorse in the field of optical quantum information and quantum computation, yet it is not suitable for applications where deterministic nonlinearities are required due to its low spectral brightness. By placing the nonlinear crystal inside a cavity, the spectrum of down-conversion is actively modified, such that all the non-resonant modes of down-conversion experience destructive interference, while the resonant mode sees constructive interference, resulting in great enhancement in spectral brightness. I design and construct such a cavity-enhanced down-conversion source with record high spectral brightness, making it possible to use cold atoms as the interaction medium to achieve large nonlinearity between photons. The frequency of the photons is tunable and their coherence time is measured to be on the order of 10 nanoseconds, matching the lifetime of the excited state of typical alkali atoms. I characterize extensively the output of the source by measuring the second-order correlation function, quantifying two-photon indistinguishability, performing quantum state tomography of entangled states, and showing different statistics of the source. The unprecedented long coherence time of the photon pairs has also made possible the encoding of quantum information in the time domain of the photons. I present a theoretical proposal of multi-dimensional quantum information with such long-coherence-time photons and analyze its performance with realistic parameter settings. I implement this proposal with the quantum light source I have built, and show for the first time that a qutrit can be encoded in the time domain of the single photons. I demonstrate the coherence is preserved for the qutrit state, thus ruling out any classical probabilistic explanation of the experimental data. Such an encoding scheme provides an easy access to multi-dimensional systems and can be used as a versatile platform for many quantum information and quantum computation tasks.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de um diodo emissor de luz (LED) Smart Lite PS (Dentsply) e da lâmpada halógena convencional Curing Light XL 3000 (3M) na efetividade de polimerização do compômero Dyract Ap (Dentsply) e da resina composta TPH Spectrum (Dentsply) por meio de testes de microdureza Knoop, resistência à compressão e resistência flexural e caracterização dos materiais. Foram confeccionadas 100 amostras e divididas em 12 grupos de acordo com o teste aplicado, a luz de polimerização e o material utilizado. A lâmpada halógena convencional selecionada, Curing Light XL 3000 (3M), tinha intensidade de 470mW/cm2 e comprimento de onda entre 400 e 510nm; o LED Smart Lite PS (Dentsply) tinha intensidade de 950mW/cm2 e comprimento de onda entre 450 e 490nm. O tempo de fotopolimerização para cada incremento com 2mm de espessura foi de 40 s. para a lâmpada halógena convencional e 10 s. para o LED. Para os testes de microdureza Knoop foram confeccionadas 20 amostras numa matriz cilíndrica com 8,0mm de diâmetro e 2,0mm de altura. As leituras da microdureza foram realizadas nas superfícies superiores e inferiores das amostras utilizando um microdurômetro Micromet 2003, com uma carga de 50 gf por 15 s. Para o teste de resistência à compressão foram confeccionadas 40 amostras numa matriz cilíndrica com 4,0mm de diâmetro e 8,0mm de altura. A resistência foi medida na máquina de teste universal de ensaios Emic DL 10.000 com uma célula de carga 500Kgf e velocidade de carregamento de 0,5 mm/min. Para o teste de resistência flexural foram construídas 40 amostras numa matriz em forma de caixa com 25,0mm de comprimento, 2,0mm de altura e 2,0mm de largura. A resistência foi medida na máquina de teste universal de ensaios Emic DL 10.000 com uma célula de carga 50Kgf e velocidade de carregamento de 0,5 mm/min. Cada material foi caracterizado pela termogravimetria, espectrometria no infravermelho, espectrometria de ressonância magnética nuclear, teor de cinzas, fluorescência de raios-X e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados foram tratados por ANOVA e teste de SNK (p<0,05). Os resultados de microdureza Knoop, resistência à compressão e resistência flexural providos pela luz halógena foram melhores que os dos LED. A resina composta apresentou melhor performance que o compômero em todos os testes. / The goal of this work was to evaluate the effects of the blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) Smart Lite PS (Dentsply) and the conventional halogen lamp Curing Light XL 3000 (3M) on the polymerization effectiveness of the Dyract Ap compomer (Dentsply) and the TPH Spectrum composite resin (Dentsply) by the Knoop microhardness, compressive strength, flexural strength and material characterization tests. A hundred samples were prepared and divided into 12 groups according to the test applied, the polymerization light and the material. The conventional halogen lamp light had power of 470mW/cm and wavelength between 400 and 510nm; the LED light had power of 950mW/cm and wavelength between 450 and 490nm. The polymerization time for each material 2mm buildup was 40 seconds for the conventional halogen lamp and 10 seconds for LED. For the Knoop microhardness tests the 20 samples were cylinder shaped, 8mm diameter and 2mm height. The hardness was read in the upper and lower side of the samples by a micrometer (Micromet 2003), with 50 gf for 15 seconds. For the compressive strength test the 40 samples were cylinder shaped, 4mm diameter and 8mm height. The strength was measured in an universal testing machine Emic DL 10.000 with 500Kgf and cross-head speed of 0,5 mm/min. For the flexural strength test the 40 samples were box shaped, 25mm length, 2mm width and 2mm height. The strength was measured in an universal testing machine Emic DL 10.000 machine with 50Kgf and cross-head speed of 0,5 mm/min. Each material was characterized by Thermogravimetry, FT-IR analysis, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Ash Content Test, X-Ray Fluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The results were treated by ANOVA and SNK tests (p<0,05). The Knoop microhardness, compressive strength and flexural strength results provided by the halogen light lamp were better than the LED ones. The composite resin performed better than the compomer in all mechanical tests.