In the theoretical part, the hypothesis about more prevalent occurences in serious and tabloid newspapers will be established. This hypothesis will be validated by research literature. Furthermore, the chosen occurrences will be described in details on the basis of secondary literature. In the practical part, the selected occurrences will be mapped out in chosen serious and tabloid newspapers and the frequency of their appearance will be compared. The aim is to describe the language means that are typical for serious respectively tabloid newspapers. By selected occurrences (for example anglicisms, FVG, phraseologisms etc.) will be monitored not only their frequency, but especially the current trends in the use of these phenomena. KEYWORDS linguistics, language means, journalistic texts, tabloid, serious press

NÁZEV: Žákovské přezdívky jako součást školské jazykové komunikace AUTOR: School children's nicknames as a part of the school language communication KATEDRA: Katedra českého jazyka ŠKOLITEL: doc. PhDr. Martina Šmejkalová, Ph.D. ABSTRACT The research project deals with children's nicknames from the linguistic and linguodidactic point of view. Nicknames are verbal means of realization of the communication act of addressing and a manifestation of a specific communicative strategies in the classroom. A research of such kind has not yet been carried out in the Czech Republic. We used a questionnaire as a research method. The main research was carried out in two phases and its main purpose was 1.) description and characteristics of 562 nicknames of 8th grade primary school pupils and of the same age group pupils attending "gymnaziums" (eight-year grammar schools) focusing on the motivation of the origin of the nicknames; and 2.) detailed characteristics of 45 selected nicknames focusing on the functioning (perception and experience) in school language communication, from the perspective of the productor (a group where the nickname originated and where it is used), the recipient (a bearer of the nickname) and independent evaluators. Material analysis also allows partial conclusions about the quality of pupils'...

This thesis deals with metaphors in the conception of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson. Metaphor is one of the fundamental principles anchored in our conceptual system and in our relationship to the world. Metaphors reveal how the world is saved in our language. This thesis illustrates a method of forming metaphors on the example of advertisements. It closely focuses on the cultural differences.

The subject of this diploma thesis is the use of Turkisms in Bulgarian, Greek and Albanian languages. First of all, the basic principles of lexical borrowing and the place of Turkisms in the current linguistic situation of the Bulgarian, Greek and Albanian languages are discussed. Attempts have been made to identify a specific number of Turkisms in each language, and some views have been presented on the term "Turkism", according to some scholars. Periodization of the onset of Turkisms are discussed, as well as a brief overview of previous studies on Turkisms as an introduction to the problem. After that, the subject of the work went on to the morphological and lexical-semantic analysis of Turkisms. From a morphological point of view, the basic Turkish suffixes borrowed in these three Balkan languages and their main meanings are considered. The analysis is performed with the selection of 70 Turkisms from the index of Prof. dr. Maxim Stamenov and having as source language for the comparison the Bulgarian language. The most famous and extensive dictionaries of each language from which the meanings of the lemmas came from were selected for comparison. In the same way, the analysis of Bulgarian, Greek and Albanian Turkisms in the language of the media is carried out. I have tried to find examples of...

The diploma thesis deals with Czech-Hungarian translation difficulty, especially in the linguistic field. It covers the most frequent issues that a particular beginning translator confronts with when translating from Hungarian into Czech language. Working on concrete examples of contemporary translations (created after 2000), it provides a possible solution in terms of adequately transferring content and form of the original. The comparison of translational transformations is the subject in varios linguistic levels, starting from morphological to a syntactical level. Depending on the type of solution and transformation, the effects of these changes will be mentioned on a stylistic level. The thesis is designed as a guide for novice translators. Keywords: theory of translation, critique of translation, methods of translation, Hungarian literature, manual, Czech translation, Hungarian translation, linguistics

This thesis analyses expletive usage of Czech word to (it). The aim is to contribute to the current description of Czech expletive to in the subject position and to compare it with English expletive subject it. Theoretical part of this thesis is dedicated to definition of the term reference, and other terms associated with it, and referential, modifying and non- referential functions of to in Czech academic literature. Important part of the theoretical background is definition of semantic criteria for identification of the Czech expletive to by Ivana Kolářová. In Czech academic literature, the term expletive is not widely described, therefore this thesis also gives a brief overview of description of English expletive it. For the purposes of comparison of the Czech and English expletives, this thesis is partly dedicated to a description of partial pro-drop languages and to an explanation how it is connected to the Czech language. There are two types of Czech expletive to defined as a basis for a qualitative analysis: formal expletive subject to in raising constructions and inferential expletive subject to. The analysis is based on 300 manually excerpted examples of constructions with expletive subject to from spoken corpora ORAL2013 and ORTOFON. Both types of expletives are described separately on...

v anglickém jazyce The purpose of this thesis is to identify the principles and main aspects of a possible future theory of written language and to critically analyze the existing approaches to this issue. The first chapter outlines the main principles serving as a background for the other parts of the thesis. The second chapter deals with non-empirical approaches to the written language: it introduces selected conceptions of the written language and attempts to critically reflect their theoretical impact. In the third chapter, selected empirical approaches to the written language are considered; it shows how particular empirical researches and empirically based findings could help in the formation of a new theory. The fourth chapter offers a critical review of the conception of the style-forming agents in the Czech and Slovak linguistics. In its second part, possibilities of a more valid and reliable approach to this issue are shown using the example of an experiment on style-forming agents preparedness and unpreparedness. The fifth chapter considers the phenomenon of synaesthesia in the relationship to the written language: the aim is to connect a research area, which would be considered as non-linguistic in the eyes of autonomous linguistics, with paramount linguistic problems.

Although anatomical terminology is in use for more than 2000 years, its first official publication achieved in 1895. The need for development of cogent nomenclature arose due to the high level of synonyms labeling individual anatomical structures. Thus towards the end of the 19th century existed more then 50 000 terms describing approximately 5 000 known structures at that time. Such synonymity caused and still causes chaos, especially in the research activities field. The reason for this is fact that most of the research performed not directly by medical field specialists but also information field specialists does not respect the historical evolution of terms. More, it mixes them according to different issues of the official terminologies. Also, further making the research activity complicated is wrong use of anatomical terms, lack of knowledge and misuse of latine grammary and last but not least americanization of the latine terms. Another hot topic is non existence of the official Czech anatomical terminology. This leads to increased tendency of neologisms formation which in turn causes increase of synonymities. Our study demonstrates above mentioned problems on examples from selected human body structures like locomotory and circulatory systems: bursas, 33 selected skeletal muscles, VIIIth cranial...

The diploma thesis An analysis of the history of French borrowings' pronunciation from Middle to Modern English on the basis of corpus data attempts to account for the influence of Old French borrowings and their pronunciation on the Middle English phonological system with respect to Modern English. The theoretical part of the thesis explains extralinguistic and intralinguistic aspects of language contact and the related lexical and phonological borrowing, which is followed by an overview of the history of the English and French phonological systems and complemented by the corresponding scribal practices. The research is carried out on a list of French loans extracted from and further studied in Oxford English Dictionary. Selected samples are looked up in a Middle English corpus and their probable pronunciation is inferred on the basis of their orthography. The analysis is concerned with five French phonemes absent in the medieval English.

The master's thesis Politics, Media and Manipulation: Political Journalism and Pragmatic Linguistics examines contemporary Czech publicized political communication using pragmatic analysis. It focuses on topics like power, ideology and self-presentation of the political participants in the media. It is also concerned with the framing of media communication and with the communication strategies that the political participants and journalists use. The research was conducted with the use of quantitative pragmatic analysis. Each sample was examined from many different angles. In this thesis, pragmatic phenomenon are examined like the function of the statements, speech acts, intertextuality, conversational maxims, the use and violation of speech etiquette, presupposition, conversational implicatures, deixis, and reference. The semiotic analysis and the examination of the context, from which the analyzed media texts originated, is involved as well. Journalistic texts from different types of media from the time of the first Czech direct presidential election have been chosen as samples for the analysis. The goal of the thesis is to design a complex pragmatic analysis and describe the used communication strategies of the participants.