Ši disertacija – tai kontrastyvinio pobūdžio lingvistinis darbas, kurio tyrimų objektas yra viešasis anglų ir lietuvių kalbų diskursas politine tema. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti, kokiais moralės modeliais vadovaujamasi Didžiosios Britanijos ir Lietuvos viešajame diskurse politine tematika, remiantis metaforos analize. Moksliniam tyrimui buvo renkami analitiniai straipsniai, kuriuose aprašomi Lietuvos (www.politika.lt) ir Didžiosios Britanijos (www.economist.com) politiniai įvykiai ketverių (Britanijos atveju) ir dvejų (Lietuvos atveju) metų laikotarpiu. Visame sinchroniniame tyrime taikomas trianguliacijos metodas, leidžiantis ištirti metaforos raišką įvairiais aspektais, derinant kokybinius (aprašomąjį, analitinį ir kognityvinį) tyrimus su kiekybiniu tyrimu. Buvo nustatyta trylika universalių metaforų: JUDĖJIMAS, JĖGA, KARAS, GYVŪNAI, SANDARA, JUSLĖS, VISUMA, SPORTAS, SVEIKATA, SANTYKIAI, PURVAS, VERSLAS ir TEATRAS. Gretinamoji analizė rodo, kad anglų kalbos metaforos skiriasi nuo lietuvių kalbos metaforų savo epistemine sandara. Anglų kalbos metaforų analizė rodo vertinimą, grindžiamą kompleksiniu moralės modeliu. Toks politinių įvykių vertinimas byloja apie progresyvią demokratinę politinę sistemą, pasižyminčią dinamiškumu, vertinimų kaita ir įvairove. Lietuvių kalbos metaforų analizės metu nustatytas vyraujantis pragmatinis metaforos moralės modelis su labai nežymiai išreikštais kitais metaforos moralės modeliais. Toks Lietuvos politinių įvykių vertinimas rodo pragmatinės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The present study has attempted the analysis of public discourse and its moral expectations through metaphor at a contrastive level in the theoretical framework of cognitive linguistics. The study deals with the identification of morality models in public discourse in English and Lithuanian. The materials of the study consist of analytical political articles extracted from the online archives of two following websites: (1) www.economist.com, (2) www.politika.lt. The collected data amounts to 415, 670 words in total. Three methods of analysis were applied to the collected data: qualitative, quantitative and contrastive. The analysis reveals that political affairs in both cultures are framed by the same conceptual metaphors. The structural composition of the conceptual metaphors has been examined in terms of the following thirteen SOURCE domains: MOTION, RELATIONSHIP, STRENGTH, HEALTH, SPORTS, WAR, ESSENCE, BUSINESS, DIRT, SENSES, WHOLENESS, THEATRE, and ANIMALS. The cross-mapping between SOURCE domains and TARGET domains is held by different epistemic correspondences, which leads to the variability of MORALITY models across the two languages, i.e. English and Lithuanian. British politics tends to be more varied in its moral expectations, which derive from three types of Morality Systems: Pragmatic, Rational and Integrated. Thus, the moral expectations governing British political discourse are based on the Complex Morality Model. By contrast, Lithuanian politics is... [to full text]

The present study has attempted the analysis of public discourse and its moral expectations through metaphor at a contrastive level in the theoretical framework of cognitive linguistics. The study deals with the identification of morality models in public discourse in English and Lithuanian. The materials of the study consist of analytical political articles extracted from the online archives of two following websites: (1) www.economist.com, (2) www.politika.lt. The collected data amounts to 415, 670 words in total. Three methods of analysis were applied to the collected data: qualitative, quantitative and contrastive. The analysis reveals that political affairs in both cultures are framed by the same conceptual metaphors. The structural composition of the conceptual metaphors has been examined in terms of the following thirteen SOURCE domains: MOTION, RELATIONSHIP, STRENGTH, HEALTH, SPORTS, WAR, ESSENCE, BUSINESS, DIRT, SENSES, WHOLENESS, THEATRE, and ANIMALS. The cross-mapping between SOURCE domains and TARGET domains is held by different epistemic correspondences, which leads to the variability of MORALITY models across the two languages, i.e. English and Lithuanian. British politics tends to be more varied in its moral expectations, which derive from three types of Morality Systems: Pragmatic, Rational and Integrated. Thus, the moral expectations governing British political discourse are based on the Complex Morality Model. By contrast, Lithuanian politics is... [to full text] / Ši disertacija – tai kontrastyvinio pobūdžio lingvistinis darbas, kurio tyrimų objektas yra viešasis anglų ir lietuvių kalbų diskursas politine tema. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti, kokiais moralės modeliais vadovaujamasi Didžiosios Britanijos ir Lietuvos viešajame diskurse politine tematika, remiantis metaforos analize. Moksliniam tyrimui buvo renkami analitiniai straipsniai, kuriuose aprašomi Lietuvos (www.politika.lt) ir Didžiosios Britanijos (www.economist.com) politiniai įvykiai ketverių (Britanijos atveju) ir dvejų (Lietuvos atveju) metų laikotarpiu. Visame sinchroniniame tyrime taikomas trianguliacijos metodas, leidžiantis ištirti metaforos raišką įvairiais aspektais, derinant kokybinius (aprašomąjį, analitinį ir kognityvinį) tyrimus su kiekybiniu tyrimu. Buvo nustatyta trylika universalių metaforų: JUDĖJIMAS, JĖGA, KARAS, GYVŪNAI, SANDARA, JUSLĖS, VISUMA, SPORTAS, SVEIKATA, SANTYKIAI, PURVAS, VERSLAS ir TEATRAS. Gretinamoji analizė rodo, kad anglų kalbos metaforos skiriasi nuo lietuvių kalbos metaforų savo epistemine sandara. Anglų kalbos metaforų analizė rodo vertinimą, grindžiamą kompleksiniu moralės modeliu. Toks politinių įvykių vertinimas byloja apie progresyvią demokratinę politinę sistemą, pasižyminčią dinamiškumu, vertinimų kaita ir įvairove. Lietuvių kalbos metaforų analizės metu nustatytas vyraujantis pragmatinis metaforos moralės modelis su labai nežymiai išreikštais kitais metaforos moralės modeliais. Toks Lietuvos politinių įvykių vertinimas rodo pragmatinės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Šiuo darbu siekta nustatyti, ar asmeninių elektroninių laiškų kalboje atsiskleidžia autoriaus idiolektas ir kokiais leksiniais bei grafiniais požymiais jis pasireiškia.. Tyrimui buvo surinktas šešių autorių asmeninių neoficialaus bendravimo elektroninių laiškų tekstynas. Tekstyno duomenys apdoroti pasitelkiant WordSmith Tools programą ir atlikta gretinamoji tekstų analizė: lyginti kalbos vienetų pasikartojimo dažniai tiriamųjų autorių laiškuose ir nustatyta, kad vienų autorių dažniau ar rečiau nei kitų vartojami kalbos vienetai skiria autorių idiolektus. Iš nustatytų kalbos požymių apibendrintos su idiolektu sietinų kalbinės raiškos vienetų grupės. Nustatyta, kad leksikos lygmenyje idiolektus aiškiausiai skiria autoriaus vertinimą ir nuostatas perteikiantys bei modalumą reiškiantys žodžiai bei iš galimų leksinių konkurentų pasirenkami žodžiai ir trumpiniai. Taip pat idiolektus žymi skirtingų autorių nevienodai dažnai pasirenkamų skyrybos ir grafinių ženklų vartojimas. Remiantis atlikto tyrimo rezultatais disertacijoje pateikiamos rekomendacijos teismo lingvistinius autorystės tyrimus atliekantiems ekspertams. / The current study aims to establish, if authors idiolect can be recognized in electronic mails language and to determine the features of lexis and graphics, which can be linked to idiolect. The data has been derived from a corpus of 65,000 words consisting of electronic letters written in Lithuanian by six persons. The WordSmith Tools software was used to generate frequency lists of six subcorpora, representing each person’s language. By using the contrastive method the frequency data of six persons language were compared. The lexis and graphics elements, which were used by one person more often or more rarely than by others and were not determined by the topic, were linked to authors idiolect. As a result of the analysis the classification of lexical and graphical elements is given, which can help recognizing idiolect. The study shows that on a lexical level the main differences between idiolects are in the usage of the modality and stance expressing words, and also the words and abbreviations, which are differently chosen from possible variants. On a graphical level idiolects can be recognized from punctuation marks, emoticons and graphic symbols, used at a different frequency. Based on research results the recommendations for authorship attribution examinations are given.

The current study aims to establish, if authors idiolect can be recognized in electronic mails language and to determine the features of lexis and graphics, which can be linked to idiolect. The data has been derived from a corpus of 65,000 words consisting of electronic letters written in Lithuanian by six persons. The WordSmith Tools software was used to generate frequency lists of six subcorpora, representing each person’s language. By using the contrastive method the frequency data of six persons language were compared. The lexis and graphics elements, which were used by one person more often or more rarely than by others and were not determined by the topic, were linked to authors idiolect. As a result of the analysis the classification of lexical and graphical elements is given, which can help recognizing idiolect. The study shows that on a lexical level the main differences between idiolects are in the usage of the modality and stance expressing words, and also the words and abbreviations, which are differently chosen from possible variants. On a graphical level idiolects can be recognized from punctuation marks, emoticons and graphic symbols, used at a different frequency. Based on research results the recommendations for authorship attribution examinations are given. / Šiuo darbu siekta nustatyti, ar asmeninių elektroninių laiškų kalboje atsiskleidžia autoriaus idiolektas ir kokiais leksiniais bei grafiniais požymiais jis pasireiškia.. Tyrimui buvo surinktas šešių autorių asmeninių neoficialaus bendravimo elektroninių laiškų tekstynas. Tekstyno duomenys apdoroti pasitelkiant WordSmith Tools programą ir atlikta gretinamoji tekstų analizė: lyginti kalbos vienetų pasikartojimo dažniai tiriamųjų autorių laiškuose ir nustatyta, kad vienų autorių dažniau ar rečiau nei kitų vartojami kalbos vienetai skiria autorių idiolektus. Iš nustatytų kalbos požymių apibendrintos su idiolektu sietinų kalbinės raiškos vienetų grupės. Nustatyta, kad leksikos lygmenyje idiolektus aiškiausiai skiria autoriaus vertinimą ir nuostatas perteikiantys bei modalumą reiškiantys žodžiai bei iš galimų leksinių konkurentų pasirenkami žodžiai ir trumpiniai. Taip pat idiolektus žymi skirtingų autorių nevienodai dažnai pasirenkamų skyrybos ir grafinių ženklų vartojimas. Remiantis atlikto tyrimo rezultatais disertacijoje pateikiamos rekomendacijos teismo lingvistinius autorystės tyrimus atliekantiems ekspertams.

The main goal and the content of the dissertation is to compare two different approaches to the Holy Scripture. To achieve this goal and to make out beforehand four-part assumptions in the conclusion is in the first part of this work defined the term of hermeneutics, then the relationship between hermeneutics and mission of both churches under examination is elaborated. The second part of the work, on the basis of studied literature, deals with research in the field of hermeneutics and exegesis history, with explanation of terms and backround, with outline of types of hermeneutics and principles of exegesis of the biblical text. This part is closed with the specification and description of the hermeneutical principles used by both chosen churches nowadays. The final third part deals with the practical comparison of one doctrinal topic - the day of worship and rest. This part is closed by the searching for reasons why the studied churches have come to different theological conclusions and instruments the change was achieved by.

In the center of interest of this dissertation called The Pragmalinguistic analysis of Czech and French commentary lies in the qualitative methodological approach to a specific media communication form - a printed commentary. The dissertation has several objectives: firstly, it describes the methodological tools used in the francophone analysis of discourse which are consequently used to construct the author's own system as a basis for the analysis. The author has chosen the tools which create language subjectivity and manifestation of the author in the text which are in francophone areas traditionally called as a complex of "énonciation": discourse/history (É. Benveniste), "théorie des blocs sémantiques", polyphony and intertextuality, metaphors, modalisators, deictics, connectors. In the second part of the dissertation, the author uses the theoretical basis built in the first part and applies it to create her own analysis, comparison and final evaluation of two journalistic texts - one from Le Monde and the other one from Hospodářské noviny. The detailed analysis of the texts brings very interesting findings about the different character and construction of the Czech and French commentaries and at the same time, about the different coverage of Czech and French presidency of the Council of the European...

The thesis deals with the differences in Czech and German language in the word-formation, specifically the issue of composite. The main part is devoted to the word-formation of both languages possibilities of vocabulary enrichment are given, important terms of the word-formation are defined and word forming kinds are introduced. It is further processed the theory of composite concepts from different authors. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that in German language appear significantly more composites than sketched options of their Czech equivalents and create a list of Czech equivalent structures. As the basis for this analysis are used texts from the field of hotel industry and tourism in Austria, which are available online on the websites of tourist portals (www.oberoesterreich.at and www.niederoesterreich.at).

The aim of our work is to analyze 500 samples from the Spanish and Czech corpora. When analyzing the samples, we will focus on the occurrence of anthropomorphic metaphors. Due to the large amount we generated, we specified our search for a lexical unit head and la cabeza. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part includes the approximation of the terms of metaphors and metonymies from the literary and non-literary point of view and the practical part of the analysis and description of the found excerpts. After analyzing all the lexical units in the practical part, there is a chapter containing the comparison of the excerpts in both languages and a summary in the Spanish language.

The diploma thesis deals with analysis of chosen idioms whose main part contains designation of human body, also called somatisms. This paper focuses on designations of sensory organs organs of sight, sense of hearing, olfactory sense, sense of taste, sense of touch. Theoretical part is dedicated to the description of cognitive linguistics which amongst other issues, studies representation of human body in language. The first part of this diploma thesis is also focused on the description of phraseology as a field of science and theoretical definition of somatic phrases. The content of the practical part is analysis of data of The Czech National corpus which are compared with phrasal dictionaries. The main aim of the work consists in the description of whether and to what extent they are being applied in spoken language and written texts and if they are updated.

The thesis examines the issue of gender in textbooks. The aim of the thesis is to analyse three sets of Czech language secondary school textbooks and ascertain, whether these textbooks contribute to the propagation of gender stereotypes in the society or whether they do not. The thesis is divided into a theoretical section and an empirical section. The theoretical section firstly explicates the fundamental concepts of gender, secondly focuses on the discrimination of women via language and on other topics from the field of gender linguistics. The last chapter of the theoretical section focuses on how gender stereotypes influence schooling. The empirical section encompasses the aforementioned analysis of the selected Czech language textbook sets. The analysis further investigates the manner in which men and women are represented in the curriculum, how men and women are portrayed in the illustrations, if the linguistic means are gender-balanced, and also whether the textbooks include any gender linguistics topics. The results of the analysis show that in all textbook sets, men are the dominant gender in illustrations, as well as among significant figures and authors of literary excerpts. In terms of roles, employment and character traits that are attached to individual characters, the sets of...