Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) are added to polyurethane foams in a variety of industrial and consumer products to prevent flame ignition. The gradual release of these flame retardants (FRs) from such products leads to contamination of various abiotic and biotic media, including wild birds. Recent studies demonstrated endocrine-disrupting effects of TCPP and TDCPP, including alteration of circulating thyroid hormone (TH) levels. The TH-pathway is essential for normal growth and development in birds. There are limited data on the toxicological effects of TCPP and TDCPP in avian species and, prior to this work, no study has examined their effects in avian embryos. This M.Sc. thesis investigates the developmental, molecular and biochemical effects of TCPP and TDCPP in chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) embryos via egg injection studies. TCPP delayed pipping at doses ≥9.24 μg/g, both TCPP and TDCPP reduced embryo growth at the highest dose (51.6 μg TCPP/g and 45 μg TDCPP/g), and TDCPP decreased free plasma thyroxine and gallbladder size at 7.64 μg/g and 45 μg/g, respectively. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to measure changes in mRNA levels of hepatic genes that were responsive to these FRs in a previous in vitro study. TCPP dysregulated the expression of TH-responsive genes and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (cytochrome P450s; CYPs), whereas TDCPP only affected CYPs. Less than 1% of the administered TCPP or TDCPP was detected in egg contents following 19 days of incubation, indicating extensive metabolism of the parent compounds. DNA microarrays were used to perform a global transcriptional analysis on liver samples from embryos that exhibited adverse effects following TDCPP injection. 47 differentially expressed genes were identified at the 45 μg/g dose. Functional analysis revealed that immune function and lipid and steroid metabolism were major targets of TDCPP toxicity and indicated a state of cholestatic liver/biliary fibrosis. Since the TH-pathway is a key regulator of metabolic homeostasis, its disruption early in development is a potential cause of the observed adverse effects. This thesis demonstrates, for the first time, developmental and endocrine-disrupting effects of TCPP and TDCPP in an avian species and attempts to link phenotypic changes to molecular-level disruptions in hopes to improve the understanding of their modes of action.

La modification des profils spécifiques en acides gras (AG) dans des huiles végétales peut servir à l’amélioration de leur qualité nutritionnelle, mais également à l’émergence d’une industrie biosourcée où les AG peuvent représenter une alternative aux ressources carbonées fossiles. Cependant des difficultés à modifier le profil en AG des huiles végétales, partagées par l’ensemble des équipes de recherche impliquées subsistent. Bien que la biosynthèse des AG est aujourd’hui bien caractérisée chez les plantes, des incertitudes persistent concernant les voies de transfert des AG du pool d’acyl-CoA vers les précurseurs lipidiques, et les formes de transport entre les différents compartiments impliqués dans les synthèses lipidiques. La carnitine est un acteur essentiel du trafic intracellulaire des AG chez l’animal et la levure. La présence avérée chez la plante d’acyl-Carnitines au côté de la carnitine libre, et la mise en évidence d’activités enzymatiques associées, prouvent également le lien entre la carnitine et le métabolisme des AG. Le travail de cette thèse a donc porté sur un approfondissement des connaissances sur le rôle de la carnitine dans le métabolisme lipidique chez Arabidopsis thaliana. A ce titre, nous avons pu montrer par LC-QQQ-MS/MS dans nos extraits végétaux, que l’oléoyl-, la palmitoyl- et la stéaroyl-Carnitine sont les espèces majoritaires et correspondent aux 3 AG (C18:1, C16:0 et C18:0) principalement synthétisés et exportés des plastes, pour alimenter la synthèse lipidique de la voie eucaryotique. De plus, une augmentation significative des teneurs en acyl-Carnitines a été mesurée dans des processus développementaux nécessitant une forte synthèse de glycérolipides, tels que le développement post-Germinatif (2 j post-Imbibition) ou lors de l’organogenèse racinaire, en concomitance avec le niveau d’expression des gènes marqueurs de la synthèse lipidique eucaryotique. D’autre part, la comparaison des teneurs en acyl-Carnitines et en carnitine estérifiée a révélée un résultat inédit montrant qu’une grande fraction de la carnitine est estérifiée à des AG inhabituels ou des acides organiques que nous cherchons actuellement à identifier par LC-QTOF-MS/MS. Ainsi, l’ensemble de nos résultats suggèrent que la carnitine pourrait être impliquée dans le trafic intracellulaire d’AG pour la synthèse de lipides eucaryotiques et de lipides particuliers et/ou dans la prise en charge d’acides organiques encore non identifiés dans les plantes. / Specific modification of fatty acid profiles (FA) in vegetable oils can help to improve their nutritional quality but also to the development of a bio-Based industry where FA may represent an alternative to fossil fuel sources. However problems to modify the FA profile of vegetable oils still remain and are shared by all the teams involved. Although the biosynthesis of AG is now well characterized in plants, uncertainties remain about the tranfert of AG of acyl-CoA pool to lipid precursors and the forms of transport between different compartments involved in lipid synthesis. Carnitine plays an essential role in intracellular trafficking of FA in animals and yeast. The known presence of acyl-Carnitines in plant alongside the free carnitine, and measurement of associatied-Enzymatic activities also show the link between FA metabolism and carnitine. During this thesis we tried to improve our understanding of the role of carnitine in lipid metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. We have shown by LC-QQQ-MS / MS in our plant extracts that oleoyl-, palmitoyl- and stearoyl-Carnitine are the predominant species and correspond to the three main AG (C18:1, C16:0 and C18:0) synthesized and exported from the plastids to supply the lipid synthesis of the eukaryotic pathway. Moreover, a significant increase of the levels of acyl-Carnitines were measured in developmental processes requiring high glycerolipid synthesis, such as the post-Germinative growth (2 days post-Imbibition) during root organogenesis, concomitantly with the level of expression of the eukaryotic lipid synthesis marker genes. Furthermore, comparison of the levels of acyl-Carnitine and carnitine ester revealed an unpublished results showing that a large fraction of carnitine is esterified to unusual FA or organic acids that we are currently identifing by LC QTOF-MS/MS. Thus, all of our results suggest that carnitine could be involved in the intracellular traffic of FA for the synthesis of lipids and particular eukaryotic lipids and/or in the transport of yet unidentified organic acids in plants.

Introdução: Doenças cardiovasculares constituem importante causa de morte em todo mundo e a hipercolesterolemia está diretamente relacionada a este problema de saúde pública. A dieta desempenha papel importante neste processo e alguns alimentos, como o amaranto (Amaranthus cruentus L. BRSAlegria), têm mostrado capacidade de redução do colesterol plasmático. Estudos sugerem que este efeito está relacionado a peptídeos liberados durante a digestão das proteínas, os quais atuam na modulação do metabolismo lipídico. Considerando-se que os efeitos da digestão gastrointestinal e da absorção destes peptídeos são claramente complexos torna-se importante a realização de estudos visando avaliar bioacessibilidade e mecanismos de ação destes peptídeos nos locais alvo do organismo. Objetivo: Analisar a biodisponibilidade de peptídeos em modelos animais após ingestão de isolado proteico de amaranto e relacioná-la com parâmetros ligados ao metabolismo do colesterol. Métodos: O amaranto teve sua proteína isolada. Os peptídeos da proteína do amaranto foram analisados após digestão in vitro. Dois experimentos in vivo foram conduzidos: um de fase aguda e outro de média duração. No primeiro, o isolado proteico de amaranto foi administrado a ratos e os peptídeos no sangue foram monitorados por 2 horas para verificação de fragmentos que resistissem à digestão gastrointestinal. O experimento in vivo 2 consistiu na alimentação de 3 grupos de hamster, um com dieta recomendada pela AIN93 (grupo N) e dois com dietas hipercolesterolêmicas por 21 dias, contendo a proteína de amaranto como única proteína da ração (grupo I), comparada ao controle de caseína (grupo H). Neste experimento foram analisados no plasma: peptídeos, colesterol total e frações; nas fezes: colesterol total e ácidos biliares; no fígado: colesterol, lipídeos totais, ácidos graxos, atividade enzimática da Hmgcr, expressão de Hmgcr, Srebf2, Lxr, Abca1, Abcg8 e Ampk. Resultados e discussão: Foram identificados fragmentos peptídicos provenientes da digestão in vitro do isolado proteico de amaranto, e outras dezenas de sequencias peptídicas em ratos após administração aguda de amaranto foram analisadas. Destaca-se a identificação do peptídeo ALGV, presente em proteína do amaranto de acordo com banco de dados, e similar a fragmentos com ação hipocolesterolemizante. No sangue de hamsters foram encontrados seis peptídeos com 100 por cento de cobertura e similaridade a base de dados de proteínas de amaranto, merecendo investigação sobre seus efeitos. Verificou-se que o isolado proteico de amaranto foi capaz de suprimir a hipercolesterolemia quando a dieta hipercolesterolemizante foi introduzida em paralelo a este ingrediente, com valores inferiores em 72 por cento (triglicerídeos), 64 por cento (colesterol total), 80 por cento (LDL-c) do grupo I em relação ao grupo H. Foi observada ainda menor concentração de colesterol e lipídeos totais no fígado dos animais do grupo I em relação ao grupo H (177 x 464 mg de colesterol/100 g de tecido; 2,06 x 2,86 g de lipídeos/100 g de tecido, respectivamente). Parâmetros lipídicos do sangue, das fezes e do fígado foram similares aos do grupo N, cuja dieta seguiu a preconização para roedores. Foi observada maior excreção de colesterol total no grupo I em relação ao grupo H, mas não houve maior excreção de ácidos biliares nas fezes. Não houve mudança na expressão dos genes analisados neste estudo, mas o amaranto reduziu a atividade da enzima Hmgcr. Postulase que parâmetros como expressão de Ldlr e atividade da Acat sejam alterados pela ingestão de amaranto. O perfil de ácidos graxos também foi modificado de forma a se assimilar ao grupo N, porém deve-se verificar parâmetros inflamatórios devido à maior proporção de ácido araquidônico em relação aos demais grupos estudados. Conclusão: Verifica-se biodisponibilidade dos peptídeos do amaranto e ação hipocolesterolemizante e hipolipemiante em diversas vias metabólicas, promovendo proteção cardiovascular. / Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are important causes of death worldwide, and hypercholesterolemia is directly related to this public health problem. Diet plays an important role in this process and some foods such as amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L. BRS-Alegria) have been shown to reduce plasma cholesterol. Studies suggest that this effect is related to peptides released during the digestion of proteins, which would play an important role in the modulation of lipid metabolism. Considering that the effects of gastrointestinal digestion and the absorption of these peptides are clearly complex, it is important to carry out studies aiming to evaluate their bioaccessibility and evaluation of the mechanisms of action of these peptides in the target sites of the organism. Objective: To analyze the bioavailability of peptides in animal models after ingestion of amaranth protein isolate and to relate it to parameters associated to cholesterol metabolism. Methods: The amaranth was crushed, the flour was defatted and its protein isolated. Amaranth peptides were analysed after in vitro digestion. Two in vivo experiments were conducted: one of acute phase and one of medium duration. In the first, the amaranth protein isolate was administered to rats and the peptides in the blood were monitored for 2 hours to check for fragments that resisted gastrointestinal digestion. The in vivo experiment 2 consisted of feeding three groups of hamsters, one with a diet recommended by AIN93 (group N) and two with hypercholesterolemic diets for 21 days, containing amaranth protein as the only dietary protein (group I), compared to casein control (group H). In this experiment were analyzed in the plasma: peptides, total cholesterol and fractions; In feces: total cholesterol and bile acids; In the liver: cholesterol, total lipids, fatty acids, Hmgcr enzymatic activity, Hmgcr expression, Srebf-2, Lxr, Abca1, Abcg8 and Ampk. Results and discussion: Peptide fragments from the in vitro digestion of amaranth protein isolate were identified and other dozens of peptide sequences were found in rats after acute amaranth administration. A higher number of peptides were found in the serum in relation to the plasma of the animals. Remarkably, ALGV peptide was found in serum of rats. This peptide is present in amaranth protein, according to databases, and is similar to fragments that present hypocholesterolemic action. In the blood of hamsters it could be found six peptides with 100 per cent coverage and similarity to the database of amaranth proteins, deserving investigation about their effects. Amaranth protein was able to suppress hypercholesterolemia when the hypercholesterolemic diet was introduced in parallel with this ingredient, with values lower for group I in 72 per cent (triglycerides), 64 per cent (total cholesterol), 80 per cent (LDL-c) in relation to the H group. A lower concentration of cholesterol and total lipids were observed in the liver of the group I compared to the H group (177 x 464 mg cholesterol / 100 g of tissue, 2.06 x 2,86 g lipids / 100 g of tissue, respectively). Lipid parameters of blood, faeces and liver were similar to those of group N, whose diet followed the recommendation for rodents. There was greater excretion of total cholesterol in group I in relation to group H, but there was no greater excretion of bile acids in feces, indicating that the effect of amaranth protein may be due to increased transintestinal cholesterol excretion, decreased micellar solubilization of cholesterol and / or modification in the expression of cholesterol transport related proteins in the intestine. There was no change in the expression of the genes analyzed in this study, but amaranth reduced the activity of the Hmgcr enzyme. It is postulated that parameters such as Ldlr expression and Acat activity are altered by amaranth intake. The fatty acid profile was also modified in order to assimilate to the N group, but inflammatory parameters related to amaranth intake should be verified due to the higher proportion of arachidonic acid in relation to the higher proportion of arachidonic acid in relation to the other groups studied. Conclusion: The bioavailability of amaranth peptides and hypocholesterolemic and hypolipidemic activity in several metabolic pathways is verified, therefore promoting cardiovascular protection.

Orientador: Ricardo Utsunomia / Resumo: Pesticidas organofosforados são muito utilizados na agricultura, mas são tóxicos para muitos organismos incluindo os seres humanos, podendo atuar como desreguladores endócrinos e como agentes mutagênicos e carcinogênicos. Um dos efeitos desreguladores é a alteração do metabolismo lipídico, que está associado também ao desenvolvimento do câncer. Isso pode ser explicado pela necessidade das células tumorais em utilizar ácidos graxos para compor suas membranas em construção. Dentre os pesticidas organofosforados está o Diclorvós (DDVP), cujo alto consumo e utilização se baseia em sua grande eficácia e baixo custo. Neste sentido, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência do praguicida DDVP sobre os marcadores moleculares do metabolismo lipídico (SREBP, SCAP, LIMP-II e CD36) na próstata de ratos após indução química pelo carcinógeno N-metil-N-nitrosoureia (MNU). Foram utilizados 32 ratos da linhagem Fischer 344, com idade de 90 dias. Os ratos foram separados em quatro grupos experimentais: Controle, DDVP, MNU, MNU+DDVP. Foram feitas análises histopatológicas, imuno-histoquímicas e Western Blotting na próstata ventral dos ratos. Na análise histopatológica, os grupos MNU e MNU+DDVP apresentaram 100% de incidência de hiperplasia. Para a avaliação morfométrico-estereológica, o grupo MNU+DDVP apresentou aumento do volume relativo de epitélio quando comparado com o grupo controle. As proteínas SREBP e CD36 foram encontradas nas células epiteliais luminais na região do Apare... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Organophosphate pesticides are widely used in agriculture, but are toxic to many organisms including humans, and can act as endocrine disrupters and as mutagenic and carcinogenic agents. One of the deregulatory effects is the alteration of lipid metabolism, which is also associated with cancer development. This may be explained by the need for tumor cells to use fatty acids to compose their building membranes. Among the organophosphate pesticides, Dichlorvos (DDVP) is one of the most effective and least expensive. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the DDVP pesticide on the molecular markers of lipid metabolism (SREBP, SCAP, LIMP-II and CD36) in rat prostate after chemical induction by the carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). Thirty two rats from the Fischer 344 lineage aged 90 days were used. The rats were separated into four experimental groups: Control, DDVP, MNU and MNU + DDVP. Histopathological, immunohistochemical and Western Blotting analyzes of the ventral prostate of rats were performed. In the histopathological analysis, the MNU and MNU + DDVP groups had a 100% incidence of hyperplasia. For the morphometric-stereological evaluation, the MNU + DDVP group showed an increase in the relative volume of epithelium when compared with the control group. The SREBP and CD36 proteins were found in luminal epithelial cells in the Golgi Apparatus region, SCAP mainly in the apical region, and LIMP II dispersed in the cytoplasm as cl... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Raquel Mantuaneli Scarel Caminaga / Resumo: Globalmente continua-se a buscar evidências de suscetibilidade genética à periodontite (P), pois as variações genéticas entre as diferentes etnias costumam influenciar em tal suscetibilidade. Também há grande interesse em compreender melhor as inter-relações da periodontite com patologias como o Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (T2DM, type 2 Diabetes Mellitus) e a Dislipidemia. Devido a similaridades na etiopatiogenia dessas doenças, levantamos a hipótese que genes do metabolismo lipídico estão associados com o desenvolvimento da P e do T2DM. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar polimorfismos em genes do metabolismo lipídico relacionando-os com o estado periodontal e perfil glicêmico e lipídico do paciente para avaliar se estes estão associados com a P na presença ou não de T2DM. Considerando o cálculo amostral, foram investigados: pacientes com T2DM e periodontite severo ou moderada (Grupo T2DM_P, n=205 pacientes); pacientes sem T2DM com periodontite severo ou moderada (Grupo Periodontitis, n=345); e pacientes sem T2DM e sem periodontite, ou seja, sistemicamente e periodontalmente saudáveis (Grupo Healthy, n= 343). Assim, o Grupo Periodontitis foi considerado controle para o T2DM e o Grupo Healthy foi considerado controle para a T2DM e P. Após o exame periodontal completo, aos participantes deste estudo foi oferecida a realização de exames bioquímicos (perfil glicêmico e lipídico), mesmo para os pacientes diagnosticados pelo seu médico como afetados pelo T2DM. Foram obtidas célula... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Globally, we continue to seek detection of genetic susceptibility to periodontitis (P), as genetic changes between different ethnicities tend to influence susceptibility. Also, there a strong interest from the scientific community to better understand interrelationships between periodontitis and conditions such as Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (T2DM) and Dyslipidemia. Due to similarities in the etiopathogenesis of these diseases, we hypothesized that genes of lipid metabolism are associated with the development of P and T2DM. This study aimed to investigate polymorphisms in the lipid metabolism genes, relating them to the periodontal state and the patient's glycemic and lipid profile to assess whether these associated are associated with a presence or not of T2DM. For sample calculation, we investigated: patients with T2DM and severe or moderate periodontitis (T2DM_P Group, n = 205 patients); patients without T2DM with severe or moderate periodontitis (Periodontitis Group, n = 345); and patients without T2DM and without periodontitis, or periodontally healthy (Group Healthy, n = 343), which are systemically and periodontally healthy. Thus, the Periodontitis Group was considered control for T2DM and the Healthy Group was considered control for T2DM and P. After a complete periodontal exam of the contributors, they were offered biochemical exams (glycemic and lipid profiles) even for that patients that were diagnosed by their doctor as affected by T2DM. Oral mucosa cells were obtain... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

CGI-58 is the defective gene in the human neutral lipid storage disease called Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome. This disorder causes intracellular lipid droplets to accumulate in nonadipose tissues, such as skin and blood cells. Here, disruption of the homologous CGI-58 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in the accumulation of neutral lipid droplets in mature leaves. Mass spectroscopy of isolated lipid droplets from cgi-58 loss-of-function mutants showed they contain triacylglycerols with common leaf specific fatty acids. Leaves of mature cgi-58 plants exhibited a marked increase in absolute triacylglycerol levels, more than 10-fold higher than in wild-type plants. Lipid levels in the oil-storing seeds of cgi-58 loss-of-function plants were unchanged, and unlike mutations in beta-oxidation, the cgi-58 seeds germinated and grew normally, requiring no rescue with sucrose. We conclude that the participation of CGI-58 in neutral lipid homeostasis of nonfat-storing tissues is similar, although not identical, between plant and animal species. This unique insight may have implications for designing a new generation of technologies that enhance the neutral lipid content and composition of corp plants.

Transcriptome analysis based on deep expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing allows quantitative comparisons of gene expression across multiple species. Using pyrosequencing, we generated over 7 million ESTs from four stages of developing seeds of Ricinus communis, Brassica napus, Euonymus alatus and Tropaeolum majus, which differ in their storage tissue for oil, their ability to photosynthesize and in the structure and content of their triacylglycerols (TAG). The larger number of ESTs in these 16 datasets provided reliable estimates of the expression of acyltransferases and other enzymes expressed at low levels. Analysis of EST levels from these oilseeds revealed both conserved and distinct species-specific expression patterns for genes involved in the synthesis of glycerolipids and their precursors. Independent of the species and tissue type, ESTs for core fatty acid synthesis enzymes maintained a conserved stoichiometry and a strong correlation in temporal profiles throughout seed development. However, ESTs associated with non-plastid enzymes of oil biosynthesis displayed dissimilar temporal patterns indicative of different regulation. The EST levels for several genes potentially involved in accumulation of unusual TAG structures were distinct. Comparison of expression of members from multi-gene families allowed the identification of specific isoforms with conserved function in oil biosynthesis. In all four oilseeds, ESTs for Rubisco were present, suggesting its possible role in carbon metabolism, irrespective of light availability. Together, these data provide a resource for use in comparative and functional genomics of diverse oilseeds. Expression data for more than 350 genes encoding enzymes and proteins involved in lipid metabolism are available at the 'ARALIP' website ().

La composition du lait en acides gras (AG) chez la vache laitière est la résultante du métabolisme lipidique au niveau du rumen et au niveau de la glande mammaire. Dans le cadre du renouvellement des systèmes d’unités d’alimentation INRA, l’objectif de ce travail est de prédire par une approche quantitative utilisant la méta-analyse de bases de données, les flux duodénaux d’AG chez les ruminants, le transfert des AG de l’intestin à la glande mammaire, et les flux d’AG sécrétés dans le lait.Des équations de prédiction des flux duodénaux et absorbés des AG saturés, des AG impairs et ramifiés, et d’un grand nombre d’isomères des AG insaturés ont été obtenues en intégrant les effets de facteurs expérimentaux tels que la nature du fourrage, le pourcentage de concentré, la supplémentation en huiles, graines végétales, et en produits marins, et leurs interactions. Ces équations sont fonction des AG ingérés et des facteurs interférents (mode de conservation et familles botaniques des fourrages, composition du régime alimentaire, caractéristiques des animaux).Pour le transfert des AG du duodénum à la glande mammaire, les équations privilégient comme prédicteur leur flux duodénal respectif, mais utilisent aussi des paramètres digestifs ruminaux (pH, acétate, butyrate) ou des caractéristiques des rations pour les AG impairs et ramifiés, ou les AG synthétisés de novo (C4:0 à C14:0).La validation de ces modèles a été faite à partir d’une base de données externe qui a permis de coupler les deux modèles et d’évaluer leur précision. Finalement, nous proposons des équations de prédiction des AG spécifiques ainsi que des groupes d’AG présentant un intérêt nutritionnel et qui peuvent fournir une approche aux systèmes d'unités d'alimentation pour prédire leurs réponses à différents types de rations. / Milk fatty acids (FA) composition in dairy cows results from lipid metabolism in rumen and mammary gland. In the context of renewing the INRA feed unit system, the objective of this work is to predict, by a quantitative approach using metaanalysis, duodenal flows of FA in ruminants, FA transfer from the intestine to the mammary gland, and the secreted FA flows in the milk. Predictive equations for duodenal and absorbed saturated FA, odd and branched FA, and a large number of unsaturated FA isomers were obtained by integrating the effects of experimental factors such as the nature of the forage, the concentrate percentage, supplementation with oleaginous oils and seeds, and marine products, and their interactions.These equations are function of ingested FA and their interfering factors (forage conservation mode and botanical family, diet composition, animal factors).For the transfer of FA from duodenum to the mammary gland, the equations favor the prediction of their respective duodenal flows, but they also use ruminal digestive parameters (pH, acetate, butyrate) or dietary characteristics for odd and branched FA, or de novo synthesized FA (C4 :0 to C14 :0).Models validation was done with an external database, which allowed coupling the two models and evaluate their accuracy. Finally, we propose predictive equations for specific FA as well as FA groups of nutritional interest that can provide an approach to the INRA feed unit system to predict their milk yield responses according to different types of rations.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第18154号 / 医博第3874号 / 新制||医||1002(附属図書館) / 31012 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 武藤 学, 教授 岩田 想, 教授 松田 道行 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(生命科学) / 甲第18421号 / 生博第301号 / 新制||生||40(附属図書館) / 31279 / 京都大学大学院生命科学研究科統合生命科学専攻 / (主査)教授 佐藤 文彦, 教授 永尾 雅哉, 教授 福澤 秀哉 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy in Life Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM