This thesis explores several of the major results in list-coloring in an expository fashion. As a specialization of list coloring, the sum list chromatic number is explored in detail. Ultimately, the thesis is designed to motivate the discussion of coloring problems and, hopefully, interest the reader in the branch of coloring problems in graph theory.

Pledging a share in a business corporation In my master thesis I focus on pledging a share of shareholder a limited liability company, which is a relatively common legal disposition with the share. Master thesis is based on valid and effective legal regulation that brought a number of innovations. In some chapters there is also mentioned the historical development of the institute for better orientation of the readers. The thesis examines legal literature, legal periodicals as well as attempts to capture also the applicability of existing case law on the new legislation. The main contribution of this work is to provide an interpretation of the provisions of which so far there is little consensus in the legal community, as well as pointing on problems and risks that regulation brings, especially from the perspective of the pledgee. The thesis is divided into four chapters, each chapter focuses on a different area of pledging a share of shareholder a limited liability company. The first chapter defines general issues of pledge and define the subject of a lien and includes a brief introduction of the legal nature of the share. In the second chapter, the reader is introduced into the mode of the establishment and creation of a pledge to a share, assumptions of its pledgebility and the process of...

Self-organizing linear lists Self-organizing linear lists are data structures for fast search, provided that certain elements stored in them are searched more frequently than others, while the probability of access to individual elements is generally not known in advance. Efficient search is achieved using different permutation rules that keep changing the list structure so that the more frequently searched elements are closer to the beginning. This thesis gives an overview of known algorithms for solving this problem (with the theoretical results about their complexity, if they are known), and experimental study of their behavior (using its own or freely available implementations and software for generating input data, testing algorithms and processing the results of experiments).

Nesta tese, dois diferentes problemas de programação da produção são abordados, o Flexible JobShop Scheduling Problem com Flexibilidade de sequenciamento e o Flowshop Scheduling Problem com tempos de espera e permutação de sequência. Para ambos, inicialmente um algoritmo list scheduling (LS) que explora características do problema é desenvolvido e então estendido para um método do tipo Beam Search (BS) que utiliza o LS em seus principais elementos: (1) expansão dos níveis, (2) avaliação local dos candidatos e (3) avaliação global dos candidatos. Todos os métodos propostos são determinísticos e seus pseudocódigos são cuidadosamente descritos para garantir a replicabilidade dos resultados reportados. O desempenho dos métodos propostos são avaliados utilizando instâncias e outros métodos heurísticos da literatura. Os resultados computacionais obtidos mostram a eficiência das heurísticas propostas que superaram os métodos da literatura utilizando pouco tempo computacional. / In this thesis two diferent scheduling problems were addressed, the Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problem with sequence Flexibility and the Flowshop Scheduling Problem with waiting times and sequence permutation. For both problems, firstly, a list scheduling (LS) algorithm which exploit features of the problem was developed and then it was extedend to a Beam Search (BS) method which use the LS in his main features: (1) level expansion, (2) local evaluation and (3) global evaluation. All the proposed methods are deterministics and their pseudocodes are carefully described to ensure the replicability of the reported results. The performance of the proposed methods was evaluated using instances and other heuristic methods found in literature. The computational results show the eficiency of the proposed heuristics, which outperformed the literature methods while using low computational time.

Academic vocabulary is an important determiner of academic success for both native and non-native speakers of English (Corson, 1997; Gardner, 2013; Hsueh-chao & Nation, 2000). In an attempt to address this need, Coxhead (2000) developed the Academic Word List (AWL)—a list of words common across a range of academic disciplines; however, Gardner & Davies (2014) identified potential limitations in the AWL and have more recently produced their own list of core academic vocabulary—the Academic Vocabulary List (AVL). This study compares the occurrences of the AWL and AVL word families in an intensive English program (IEP) corpus of 50 texts to determine which list has the best overall coverage, frequency, and range in the corpus. While the results show a strong presence of both lists in the IEP corpus, the AVL outperforms the AWL in every measure analyzed in the study. Suggestions for instruction and future research regarding these lists are provided.

Examensarbete beskriver hur ett analysverktyg har skapats för materialförbrukningen på Motorunderhållsavdelningen på Volvo Aero Corporation. Analysverktyget tar fram snittlistor och inköpslistor till motorn PW100. Dokumentering vid skapandet av analysverktyget sker i sju delar. Genom att skapa ett analysverktyg kan de strategiska materialplanerarna på Volvo Aero lätt generera en snittlista eller en inköpslista som baseras på historisk data. Tidigare var de strategiska materialplanerana tvungna att beräkna snittlistor manuellt och mycket handpåläggning gjorde att resultatet inte alltid var pålitligt. En förstudie gjordes för att få en bättre inblick i den nuvarande organisationen och hur arbetet styrs på motorunderhållsavdelningen på Volvo Aero. Intervjuer utfördes löpande samtidigt som en litteraturstudie inom området logistik gjordes. Detta för att få tillräckligt med kunskap till att skapa ett analysverktyg utifrån behov. En kravspecifikation togs fram för att bestämma vad analysverktyget skall innehålla för funktioner. Eftersom en stor mängd data hanterades användes Microsoft Access. Data hämtades från databasen SAP. Analysverktyget är uppbygd i tre delar: 1. Snittlista: Visar den genomsnittliga förbrukningen av material för vald motortyp och underhållstyp. 2. Lagersaldo: Kontrollerar vad som finns i lager utifrån vald motortyp och underhållstyp. Nya och begagnade delar är valbara. 3. Inkommande material: Visar material som inte har levererats in utifrån vald motortyp och underhållstyp. Utifrån dessa tre delar skapades en inköpslista. Inköpslistan innehåller motortyp, materialnummer, materialbeskrivning, kvantitet, pris och ABC-klassifikation. Noggrannare listor kan tas fram vilket leder till minskad kapitalbindning och en förbättrad leveransservice. Resultatet blir mer faktabaserat eftersom tidigare historik uttnyttjas. / The thesis report describes the way of creating an analysis tool for material consumption at the department of engine service at Volvo Aero Corporation. The analysis tool generates average lists and purchase lists for PW100 engine. The documentation of the analysis tool is described in seven parts. By using the tool the structural material planner can in an easy manner generate lists that are based on earlier historical data. Instead of creating lists manually the material planner can gain more accurate lists much faster. Previously there were no fact based results in comparison with today. Pre studies were made to gain a better insight of the current organization and processes at the engine service department. Interviews with staff as well literature studies in the field of storage and spare parts manage has given possibilities to create an analysis tool. Plan of requirements were created to specify the features of the analysis tool. The program Microsoft Access was chosen due to the amout of data to construct the analysis tool. All information was brought from the database SAP. The analysis tool was built in three integrated parts: 1. Average list: shows the average consumption of material for selected engine and maintenance type. 2. Stock status: checks the stock for material for selected engine and maintenance type. New and used material is selectable. 3. Incoming material: shows incoming material that is undelivered for selected engine and maintenance type. By these three integrated parts the analysis tool generates a purchase list. The list contains engine type, material number, material description, quantity, price and ABC-classification. By implementing the analysis tool in the daily work purchases will be more accurate. Capital binding will decrease as well.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation - through research based on the reading of the major works of Georg Friedrich List, Economy American Policy Outline and National Economic Policy System, and recent contributions of economic historians - has as the main objective to describe the development path of England, Germany and the United States of America from the eighteenth century to the mid-nineteenth century. To achieve this goal was made a comparison between the descriptions and interpretations of different authors. There was a significant similarity between the content presented by List (1983; 2009) and the interpretations of other economic historians regarding the development of national productive forces. The additions to List s reports realize that: a) England was the overflowing source of productive knowledge and capital to the most backward nations; b) tariff protection was not as important to national development as was supposed by List (1983); and c) Tilly's (1978) and Philip s (1980) works provide objective information that allows to specify that German agriculture had its production conditioned by feudal norms from the Middle Ages to the mid-nineteenth century. Among the main aspects of national economies experienced by List are the nation and the productive forces, linking the agricultural, industrial and commercial sectors. List (1983) emphasizes the nation as an intermediary element between the individual economy and the economy of mankind. The productive forces in List s thought do not depend only on capital and labor, but also in mental capital. / A presente dissertação - por meio de pesquisa fundamentada na leitura das principais obras de Georg Friedrich List, Esboço da Economia Política Americana e Sistema Nacional de Economia Política, e em contribuições recentes de historiadores econômicos - tem como objetivo principal descrever a trajetória de desenvolvimento de Inglaterra, Alemanha e Estados Unidos da América do século XVIII a meados do século XIX. Para alcançar este objetivo foi efetuada uma comparação entre as descrições e interpretações dos diferentes autores. Verificou-se uma significativa similaridade entre os conteúdos apresentados por List (1983; 2009) e as interpretações dos demais historiadores econômicos quanto à evolução das forças produtivas nacionais. Os complementos aos relatos de List dão conta de que: a) a Inglaterra era fonte de transbordamento de conhecimentos produtivos e capital para as nações mais atrasadas; b) a proteção tarifária não era tão importante para o desenvolvimento nacional como supunha List (1983); e c) os trabalhos de Tilly (1978) e Philip (1980) proporcionam informações objetivas que permitem precisar que a agricultura alemã teve a sua produção condicionada a normativas feudais da Idade Média até a metade do século XIX. Dentre os principais aspectos das economias nacionais vivenciadas por List estão a nação e as forças produtivas, interligando os setores agrícola, industrial e comercial. List (1983) enfatiza a nação como elemento intermediário entre a economia individual e a economia da humanidade. As forças produtivas no pensamento de List não dependem somente do capital e do trabalho, mas também do capital mental.

Advanced architecture processors provide features such as caches and branch prediction that result in improved, but variable, execution time of software. Hard real-time systems require tasks to complete within timing constraints. Consequently, hard real-time systems are typically designed conservatively through the use of tasks? worst-case execution times (WCET) in order to compute deterministic schedules that guarantee task?s execution within giving time constraints. This use of pessimistic execution time assumptions provides real-time guarantees at the cost of decreased performance and resource utilization. In soft real-time systems, however, meeting deadlines is not an absolute requirement (i.e., missing a few deadlines does not severely degrade system performance or cause catastrophic failure). In such systems, a guaranteed minimum probability of completing by the deadline is sufficient. Therefore, there is considerable latitude in such systems for improving resource utilization and performance as compared with hard real-time systems, through the use of more realistic execution time assumptions. Given probability distribution functions (PDFs) representing tasks? execution time requirements, and tasks? communication and precedence requirements, represented as a directed acyclic graph (DAG), this dissertation proposes and investigates algorithms for constructing non-preemptive stochastic schedules. New PDF manipulation operators developed in this dissertation are used to compute tasks? start and completion time PDFs during schedule construction. PDFs of the schedules? completion times are also computed and used to systematically trade the probability of meeting end-to-end deadlines for schedule length and jitter in task completion times. Because of the NP-hard nature of the non-preemptive DAG scheduling problem, the new stochastic scheduling algorithms extend traditional heuristic list scheduling and genetic list scheduling algorithms for DAGs by using PDFs instead of fixed time values for task execution requirements. The stochastic scheduling algorithms also account for delays caused by communication contention, typically ignored in prior DAG scheduling research. Extensive experimental results are used to demonstrate the efficacy of the new algorithms in constructing stochastic schedules. Results also show that through the use of the techniques developed in this dissertation, the probability of meeting deadlines can be usefully traded for performance and jitter in soft real-time systems.

The conventional Verlet table neighbor list algorithm is improved to reduce the number of unnecessary inter-atomic distance calculations in molecular simulations involving large amount of atoms. Both of the serial and parallelized performance of molecular dynamics simulation are evaluated using the new algorithm and compared with those using the conventional Verlet table and cell-linked list algorithm. Results show that the new algorithm significantly improved the performance of molecular dynamics simulation compared with conventional neighbor list maintaining and utilizing algorithms in serial programs as well as parallelized programs. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

Clearly established conservation priorities are urgently required for taxa and ecosystems in critical need of conservation. This helps to identify and document taxa most in need of conservation attention, and provides an index of the state of degeneration of biodiversity. Including as much relevant information as possible in a prioritisation assessment will deliver the most accurate classification, yet these variables should not overly complicate the prioritisation process. Conservation assessments depend not just on the taxon’s susceptibility to threat (i.e. risk of extinction, or Red List assessments), but also the conservation value, irreplaceability and nature and intensity of the threats. Research into the value and applicability of conservation prioritisation tools at a regional scale, allowed for the assessment of the extinction risk as well as subsequent priority ranking of South African mammals. At the outset research was directed towards investigating South African mammals in accordance with their respective regional and global World Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List and Red Data Book assessments. The regional Red List assessment drastically improved local knowledge of the current extinction risk of various mammals, and identified 57 marine and terrestrial mammals to be highly threatened. Up to date regional extinction risk assessments, allowed for the investigation of whether a human activity threat index derived from six human activity variables across South Africa could be used to highlight mammals threatened with extinction while also being exposed to high human activity. Evidence indicated various threatened and lower risk mammals were exposed to high human activity throughout their range, pointing to high potential threat and future increase in extinction risk. For relevant prioritisation to take place, components of vulnerability (IUCN Red List assessments, and occupancy data), irreplaceability (endemism and taxonomic distinctiveness), and threat measures (body mass and human density in a taxa distributional range) was introduced into relational priority assessment which allowed for a simplified approach in determining conservation priorities for taxa under various region-specific conditions. The use of different sets of information clearly affected the priority rankings. South African Chiroptera and Carnivora was used as a case study to addresses whether a simple measure of taxonomic diversity can be used as a proxy for different measures of phylogenetic diversity in determining regional conservation priority of taxa, when such information is limited. Evidence does suggest that the utilisation of the simple taxonomic diversity measure may provide the appropriate information on evolutionary diversity. Two theoretical concepts were proposed to address some potential shortcomings in the conservation prioritisation arena. The Orange List method offers a system to identify “species [or taxa] of high national importance or of high conservation value” (South African National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act 2004). In turn the Green Data List essentially represents a radical shift in the traditional approach to the management of both threatened and invasive taxa. Throughout this thesis, evidence do point to smaller mammals being of high conservation concern in South Africa, with the members from the Orders Rodentia, Chiroptera and Insectivora being constantly identified as high conservation priority. Apart from contributing to our current understanding of the conservation importance/priority of South Africa mammals, this current thesis has resulted in a robust understanding of various assessment techniques. / Thesis (DPhil (Zoology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Zoology and Entomology / unrestricted