This study contributes to the available knowledge on the difficulty of using the Bible as a source in Christian ethics. In the study, the use of the Old Testament in Christian ethics is explored and analysed. The central research question is: What makes the use of the Old Testament in Christian ethics so difficult? The research findings reveal that the relationship between ethics and culture is problematic and contributes to the challenge of using the Old Testament in Christian ethics. The study is descriptive and is informed by research that has been done in the fields of Biblical Criticism and Christian ethics. The study focuses on methods and traditions of Biblical Criticism and Christian ethics that can play a role in interpreting biblical narratives in the Old Testament. It is important to look at the various tools and methods of Biblical Criticism to interpret biblical narratives and broaden our knowledge of biblical texts. Relevant approaches in Christian ethics can be useful in making pertinent contributions on moral issues since the focus is on character and community, and biblical texts can be used to shape moral identity. To demonstrate how a specific text in the Old Testament can be used in Christian ethics, the narrative of Judah and Tamar in Genesis 38 is discussed in terms of character and community. The objective of this part of the study is therefore to show how Biblical Criticism and Christian ethics can be used when interpreting a text. The main argument is that Christians often find it difficult to integrate ethics and culture because the relationship between ethics and culture is problematic. The challenge is how one should interpret ethics, in this case Christian, in a particular culture as it plays an integral part in identity and moral formation. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / lk2014 / Dogmatics and Christian Ethics / MA / Unrestricted

Este trabalho procura explorar o ponto de vista de Aquino Corrêa, que pressupõe a adoção de um comportamento crítico diante do poema, assentado na análise da forma e do conteúdo, admitindo a existência de uma norma de uso da língua na modalidade literária capaz de expressar na obra a distinção dessas duas entidades: a forma e a matéria ou fundo. A perspectiva adotada para a realização deste estudo foi a de análise do discurso crítico com que Aquino Corrêa analisa estas duas entidades para determinar a função das obras, no interior do sistema literário de onde elas emergiram. Alicerçados na sua biobibliografia elegemos os pontos fundamentais que sustentam o estilo particular do escritor e os critérios que o mesmo defende para conceber o texto elevado à categoria de literário mediante o tratamento dispensado à forma e ao conteúdo. O princípio teórico fundamental desta tese assenta-se na concepção da natureza universal do texto literário constituído como expressão de um conteúdo que ganha uma forma determinada tanto no processo de escrita quanto de análise do texto, implicando em procedimentos essenciais à realização da crítica literária, a qual visualiza a obra configurada no desabrochamento simultâneo de uma estrutura e de um pensamento, no amálgama solidário de uma forma e de uma experiência individual. Nesta relação, distinguemse a literatura enquanto arte criativa e os estudos literários como um enfoque especializado do texto que possibilita à crítica traduzir a experiência criativa da literatura através de procedimentos específicos que a subsidiam e a legitimam.Neste prisma em que o texto é analisado nas suas categorias estruturais e nas relações de significação com o autor, a língua literária subordina-se a determinadas normas lingüísticas que funcionam como reguladoras dos procedimentos tanto de elaboração como de avaliação crítica do texto, promovendo a depuração dos excessos tanto da linguagem revolucionária dos modernistas quanto dos resíduos lusófilos dos tradicionalistas (LEITE, 2006: 31). / This work looks for to explore point of view of the Aquino Corrêa that ahead estimates the adoption of a critical behavior of the poem seated in the analysis of the form and the content, admitting the existence of a norm of use of the language in the literary modality capable to express in the workmanship the distinction of these two entities: the form and the contents or the deep substance.The perspective adopted for the accomplishment of this study was of analysis of the critical speech with that Aquino Corrêa analyzes these two entities to determine the function of the workmanships in the interior of the literary system of where they had emerged. The basis of our argument is in his biobibliography we choose the basic points that support the particular style of the writer and the criteria that the same defends to conceive the high text to the literary category by means of the treatment excused to the form and the content.The theoretical basic principle of this thesis is based in the conception of the universal nature of the literary text consisting in the place where the content in such a way gains definitive form for the process of writing how much of analysis of the text implying in essential procedures to the literary accomplishment of the critical one, which analyzes the workmanship configured in the simultaneous unclasping of a structure and a thought, in the solidary amalgam of a form and an individual experience. In this relation they distinguish it literature while creative art and the literary studies as one specialized approach from the text that it makes possible to the critical one to translate creative of literature the experience through specific procedures that subsidize it and they legitimize it. In this prism where the text is analyzed in its structural categories and the relations of means with the author, the literary language subordinates it definitive linguistics norms that they function in such a way as regulating of the procedures of elaboration as of critical evaluation of the text, promoting the purification of the excesses in such a way of the revolutionary language of the modern movement how much of the lusófilos residues of the traditionalists (LEITE, 2006:31).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-06-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:04:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gamba_apf_dr_assis.pdf: 628179 bytes, checksum: 614a689fe06997476fcebee7a09a82c5 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A presente tese de doutorado visa a um estudo das obras de Eça de Queiroz O Mandarim, A Relíquia e A Cidade e as Serras e das obras do escritor Luciano de Samósata (sírio helenizado do século II d.C.) com o objetivo de verificar possíveis marcas deste no ideário estético de Eça. A escolha do corpus deve-se ao fato de os supracitados textos queirosianos apresentarem uma estrutura discursiva particular e produzirem certa estranheza no leitor e na crítica, uma vez que diferem do discurso realista-naturalista utilizado por Eça em obras como O Primo Basílio e O Crime do Padre Amaro. Eça de Queiroz criou, como Luciano em suas sátiras, um verdadeiro “hipocentauro”, causando no leitor e na crítica, além de estranheza, até mesmo certa dúvida quanto à qualidade estética desses textos, sendo, por isso, considerados obras menores e pouco críticas quando comparados às demais obras da fase predominantemente realista-naturalista do escritor. Como base de sustentação teórica deste trabalho, tomam-se, além do estudo de Jacyntho Lins Brandão A Poética do Hipocentauro: literatura, sociedade e discurso ficcional em Luciano de Samósata, textos de estudiosos da obra de Luciano como A. Peretti, E. Bignone, V. Longo, B. McCarthy, B. Baldwin, M. Caster, M. Croiset e outros, bem como textos sobre literatura comparada de autores como Wellek e Warren, T. Carvalhal, E. Coutinho, G. R. Kaiser, S. Nitrini e L. Perrone-Moisés. O capítulo 1 é dedicado a Luciano de Samósata. Nele, são abordadas a vida e a obra do escritor, além da apresentação e diferenciação... / The present PhD doctoral dissertation aims to study the novels of Eça de Queiroz, The Mandarin, The Relic and The City and the Mountains, as well as the works of Luciano de Samósata – Syrian writer from second-century a.C. – with the objective of verifying possible marks of the latter in Eça’s aesthethic system. The corpus was chosen due to the fact that Queiroz’s pieces present a particular discursive structure and produce some surprise in the reader and the critics, once they differ from the realistic-naturalistic discourse used by Queiroz in novels such as The Cousin Basílio and The Crime of Father Amaro. By adopting for the composition of such works a structure that is based on the unusual junction of apparently incompatible elements such as reality and fantasy, humor and philosophical seriousness, Eça de Queiroz created as Luciano in his satires, a true “hippocentaur”, provoking in the reader and the critics, beyond surprise, certain discomfort and even certain doubt about the aesthetic quality of these texts and about his intentions while critical of his time, for they would lack the explicit components of the acrid social criticism by the Portuguese writer, thus being considered minor and less critical novels when compared to others from the predominantly realistic-naturalistic phase of the writer. As basis for theoretical support of this dissertation there had been used, besides the precious study by Professor Jacyntho Lins Brandão - The Poetic of Hippocentaur: literature, society and fictional speech by Luciano de Samósata-, texts from Samósata’s novels’ researches such as A. Peretti, E. Bignone, V. Longo, B. McCarthy, B. Baldwin, M.Caster, M. Croiset and others... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Rosane Gazolla Alves Feitosa / Banca: Suely Fadul Villibor Flory / Banca: Jacyntho Lins Brandão / Banca: Odil José de Oliveira Filho / Banca: Sílvia Maria Azevedo / Resumo: A presente tese de doutorado visa a um estudo das obras de Eça de Queiroz O Mandarim, A Relíquia e A Cidade e as Serras e das obras do escritor Luciano de Samósata (sírio helenizado do século II d.C.) com o objetivo de verificar possíveis marcas deste no ideário estético de Eça. A escolha do corpus deve-se ao fato de os supracitados textos queirosianos apresentarem uma estrutura discursiva particular e produzirem certa estranheza no leitor e na crítica, uma vez que diferem do discurso realista-naturalista utilizado por Eça em obras como O Primo Basílio e O Crime do Padre Amaro. Eça de Queiroz criou, como Luciano em suas sátiras, um verdadeiro "hipocentauro", causando no leitor e na crítica, além de estranheza, até mesmo certa dúvida quanto à qualidade estética desses textos, sendo, por isso, considerados obras "menores" e pouco críticas quando comparados às demais obras da fase predominantemente realista-naturalista do escritor. Como base de sustentação teórica deste trabalho, tomam-se, além do estudo de Jacyntho Lins Brandão A Poética do Hipocentauro: literatura, sociedade e discurso ficcional em Luciano de Samósata, textos de estudiosos da obra de Luciano como A. Peretti, E. Bignone, V. Longo, B. McCarthy, B. Baldwin, M. Caster, M. Croiset e outros, bem como textos sobre literatura comparada de autores como Wellek e Warren, T. Carvalhal, E. Coutinho, G. R. Kaiser, S. Nitrini e L. Perrone-Moisés. O capítulo 1 é dedicado a Luciano de Samósata. Nele, são abordadas a vida e a obra do escritor, além da apresentação e diferenciação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present PhD doctoral dissertation aims to study the novels of Eça de Queiroz, The Mandarin, The Relic and The City and the Mountains, as well as the works of Luciano de Samósata - Syrian writer from second-century a.C. - with the objective of verifying possible marks of the latter in Eça's aesthethic system. The corpus was chosen due to the fact that Queiroz's pieces present a particular discursive structure and produce some surprise in the reader and the critics, once they differ from the realistic-naturalistic discourse used by Queiroz in novels such as The Cousin Basílio and The Crime of Father Amaro. By adopting for the composition of such works a structure that is based on the unusual junction of apparently incompatible elements such as reality and fantasy, humor and philosophical seriousness, Eça de Queiroz created as Luciano in his satires, a true "hippocentaur", provoking in the reader and the critics, beyond surprise, certain discomfort and even certain doubt about the aesthetic quality of these texts and about his intentions while critical of his time, for they would lack the explicit components of the acrid social criticism by the Portuguese writer, thus being considered minor and less critical novels when compared to others from the predominantly realistic-naturalistic phase of the writer. As basis for theoretical support of this dissertation there had been used, besides the precious study by Professor Jacyntho Lins Brandão - The Poetic of Hippocentaur: literature, society and fictional speech by Luciano de Samósata-, texts from Samósata's novels' researches such as A. Peretti, E. Bignone, V. Longo, B. McCarthy, B. Baldwin, M.Caster, M. Croiset and others... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Este trabalho procura explorar o ponto de vista de Aquino Corrêa, que pressupõe a adoção de um comportamento crítico diante do poema, assentado na análise da forma e do conteúdo, admitindo a existência de uma norma de uso da língua na modalidade literária capaz de expressar na obra a distinção dessas duas entidades: a forma e a matéria ou fundo. A perspectiva adotada para a realização deste estudo foi a de análise do discurso crítico com que Aquino Corrêa analisa estas duas entidades para determinar a função das obras, no interior do sistema literário de onde elas emergiram. Alicerçados na sua biobibliografia elegemos os pontos fundamentais que sustentam o estilo particular do escritor e os critérios que o mesmo defende para conceber o texto elevado à categoria de literário mediante o tratamento dispensado à forma e ao conteúdo. O princípio teórico fundamental desta tese assenta-se na concepção da natureza universal do texto literário constituído como expressão de um conteúdo que ganha uma forma determinada tanto no processo de escrita quanto de análise do texto, implicando em procedimentos essenciais à realização da crítica literária, a qual visualiza a obra configurada no desabrochamento simultâneo de uma estrutura e de um pensamento, no amálgama solidário de uma forma e de uma experiência individual. Nesta relação, distinguemse a literatura enquanto arte criativa e os estudos literários como um enfoque especializado do texto que possibilita à crítica traduzir a experiência criativa da literatura através de procedimentos específicos que a subsidiam e a legitimam.Neste prisma em que o texto é analisado nas suas categorias estruturais e nas relações de significação com o autor, a língua literária subordina-se a determinadas normas lingüísticas que funcionam como reguladoras dos procedimentos tanto de elaboração como de avaliação crítica do texto, promovendo a depuração dos excessos tanto da linguagem revolucionária dos modernistas quanto dos resíduos lusófilos dos tradicionalistas (LEITE, 2006: 31). / This work looks for to explore point of view of the Aquino Corrêa that ahead estimates the adoption of a critical behavior of the poem seated in the analysis of the form and the content, admitting the existence of a norm of use of the language in the literary modality capable to express in the workmanship the distinction of these two entities: the form and the contents or the deep substance.The perspective adopted for the accomplishment of this study was of analysis of the critical speech with that Aquino Corrêa analyzes these two entities to determine the function of the workmanships in the interior of the literary system of where they had emerged. The basis of our argument is in his biobibliography we choose the basic points that support the particular style of the writer and the criteria that the same defends to conceive the high text to the literary category by means of the treatment excused to the form and the content.The theoretical basic principle of this thesis is based in the conception of the universal nature of the literary text consisting in the place where the content in such a way gains definitive form for the process of writing how much of analysis of the text implying in essential procedures to the literary accomplishment of the critical one, which analyzes the workmanship configured in the simultaneous unclasping of a structure and a thought, in the solidary amalgam of a form and an individual experience. In this relation they distinguish it literature while creative art and the literary studies as one specialized approach from the text that it makes possible to the critical one to translate creative of literature the experience through specific procedures that subsidize it and they legitimize it. In this prism where the text is analyzed in its structural categories and the relations of means with the author, the literary language subordinates it definitive linguistics norms that they function in such a way as regulating of the procedures of elaboration as of critical evaluation of the text, promoting the purification of the excesses in such a way of the revolutionary language of the modern movement how much of the lusófilos residues of the traditionalists (LEITE, 2006:31).

All bodies of critical discourse on any given literary canon seek visibility through self- celebration, subversion of competing critical ideas and identification with supposedly popular, scientific and incisive critical theories. Thus, the literary-critical quest for significance and visibility is, in essence, a quest for „space‟, „voice‟ and „authority‟ in the discussion of aspects of a given literary corpus. This research explores the politics of „space‟, „voice‟ and „authority‟ in „white critical thought‟ on „the black Zimbabwean novel‟. It unfolds in the context of the realisation that as a body of critical discourse on „the black Zimbabwean novel‟, „white critical thought‟ does not only emerge in an intellectual matrix in which it shares and competes for „space‟, „voice‟ and „authority‟ with other bodies of critical thought on the literary episteme in question; it also develops in the ambit of Euro-African cultural politics of hegemony and resistance. Thus, the research sets out to identify the ways in which „white critical thought‟ affirms and perpetuates or questions and negates European critical benchmarks and cultural models in the discussion of selected aspects of „the black Zimbabwean novel‟. The investigation considers the fissures at the heart of „white critical thought‟ as a critical discourse and the myriad of ways in which it interacts with competing critical discourses on the „the black Zimbabwean novel‟. It derives impetus from the fact that while other versions of critical thought on „the black Zimbabwean novel‟ have received extensive metacritical discussion elsewhere, „white critical thought‟ remains largely under-discussed. This phenomenon enables it to solidify into a settled body of critical thought. The metacritical discussion of „white critical thought‟ in this research constitutes part of the repertoire of efforts that will help check the solidification of critical discourses into hegemonic bodies of thought. The research makes use of Afrocentric and Postcolonial critical tenets to advance the contention that while „white critical thought‟ on „the black Zimbabwean novel‟ is fraught with fissures and contradictions that speak directly to its complexity and resistance to neat categorisation, it is largely vulnerable to identification as part of the paraphernalia of European cultural and intellectual hegemony in African literature and its criticism, given its tendency to discuss the literature outside the context of critical theories that emerge from the same culture and history with the literary corpus in question. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

All bodies of critical discourse on any given literary canon seek visibility through self- celebration, subversion of competing critical ideas and identification with supposedly popular, scientific and incisive critical theories. Thus, the literary-critical quest for significance and visibility is, in essence, a quest for „space‟, „voice‟ and „authority‟ in the discussion of aspects of a given literary corpus. This research explores the politics of „space‟, „voice‟ and „authority‟ in „white critical thought‟ on „the black Zimbabwean novel‟. It unfolds in the context of the realisation that as a body of critical discourse on „the black Zimbabwean novel‟, „white critical thought‟ does not only emerge in an intellectual matrix in which it shares and competes for „space‟, „voice‟ and „authority‟ with other bodies of critical thought on the literary episteme in question; it also develops in the ambit of Euro-African cultural politics of hegemony and resistance. Thus, the research sets out to identify the ways in which „white critical thought‟ affirms and perpetuates or questions and negates European critical benchmarks and cultural models in the discussion of selected aspects of „the black Zimbabwean novel‟. The investigation considers the fissures at the heart of „white critical thought‟ as a critical discourse and the myriad of ways in which it interacts with competing critical discourses on the „the black Zimbabwean novel‟. It derives impetus from the fact that while other versions of critical thought on „the black Zimbabwean novel‟ have received extensive metacritical discussion elsewhere, „white critical thought‟ remains largely under-discussed. This phenomenon enables it to solidify into a settled body of critical thought. The metacritical discussion of „white critical thought‟ in this research constitutes part of the repertoire of efforts that will help check the solidification of critical discourses into hegemonic bodies of thought. The research makes use of Afrocentric and Postcolonial critical tenets to advance the contention that while „white critical thought‟ on „the black Zimbabwean novel‟ is fraught with fissures and contradictions that speak directly to its complexity and resistance to neat categorisation, it is largely vulnerable to identification as part of the paraphernalia of European cultural and intellectual hegemony in African literature and its criticism, given its tendency to discuss the literature outside the context of critical theories that emerge from the same culture and history with the literary corpus in question. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)