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To Iron or to do Science: A Storied Life of a Latina from Scientist to Science TeacherHoy, Sarida Peguero 10 September 2009 (has links)
Reform initiatives such as Science for All Americans (AAA, 1989) and National Science Education Standards (NRC, 1996) argue for making science accessible to all children regardless of age, sex, cultural and/or ethic background, and disabilities. One of the most popular and prevailing phrases highlighting science education reform in the last decade has been science for all. In terms of making science accessible to all, science educators argue that one role of science teachers ought to be to embrace students’ experiences outside of the science classroom by becoming aware and inclusive of the cultural resources that student’s households contain. Moll, González and Amanti (1992) termed these cultural resources as funds of knowledge which refer to culturally developed bodies of knowledge and skills essential for household well being. This study examined the career transition of a former Latina scientist from a research scientist to a high school science teacher. Her lived experiences that influenced her career transition were examined using interpretive biography through a feminist theory lens. The following question guided the study: How have the lived experiences of the participant as engaged through cultural, historical, and social interactions influenced a transition in career from a research scientist to a classroom teacher? A former Latina scientist and her family participated in this study to facilitate the documentation, narration, and interpretation of her career transition. The researcher immersed herself in the field for five months and data collection included in-depth interviews with the participant and her family. In addition, the researcher kept a reflexive journal. Data were analyzed using socio-cultural thematic approach to identify snapshots and to develop emergent themes. Data analysis revealed that the participant’s cultural socialization conflicted with the Eurocentric/Androcentric culture of science found in both the university and research laboratories. Consequently the participant’s strong need to have a family was a powerful contributor to her selection of teaching as a second career. The participant’s lived experiences emphasized a need to explore the impact and interaction of ethnicity and gender in the myopic science culture that has left women and people of other cultures at the doorsteps of the scientific enterprise.
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Ständigt i skuggan av sin döende närstående : Anhörigas upplevelse av palliativ vård i hemmet / Stuck in the shadow of the dying relative : Next of kins’ experiences of palliative care in the homeSchuman, Amanda, Grönvall, Cecilia January 2012 (has links)
Bakgrund: Palliativ hemsjukvård är en växande vårdform i Sverige som ställer höga krav på involveringen av anhöriga. De anhöriga inom palliativ hemsjukvård befinner sig i en utsatt och omvälvande situation där vårdbördan kan upplevas mycket stor. Stödet från vården har en stor del i hur de anhöriga upplever situationen och ifall den sjuke kan erhålla vård i sitt hem. För att vården ska kunna stödja de anhöriga på ett lämpligt sätt krävs insyn i hur de anhöriga upplever sin situation. Syfte: Att beskriva anhörigas upplevelse av att ha en svårt sjuk närstående som vårdas med palliativ hemsjukvård. Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på åtta kvalitativa studier publicerade mellan år 2002-2010. Använda databaser är CINAHL, PubMed, Academic Search Premier samt Nursing & Allied Health Source. Även en manuell sökning gjordes. Dataanalysen utfördes enligt metoden beskriven av Friberg som är inspirerad av metaanalys. Resultat: Fem övergripande teman identifierades. Dessa är upplevelsen av en påverkad självbild och identitet, upplevelsen av stöd, upplevelsen av att sätta sig själv i andra hand, upplevelsen av att bli sviken av hemsjukvården samt upplevelsen av att vara tillsammans i dödens närhet. Huvudfyndet som är genomgående i alla teman är de anhörigas påverkade självbild. Diskussion: Resultatet diskuterades utifrån värdighetsbegreppets fyra delar meritvärdighet, den moraliska resningens värdighet, identitetsvärdighet och den universella mänskliga värdigheten. I resultatet blir de anhöriga inte sedda som en egen person, de upplever sig inte ha något val och de tvingas sätta sig själva i andra hand när de vårdar den sjuke. Författarna diskuterar hur detta kan påverka den anhörigas meritvärdighet, identitetsvärdighet och moraliska resningsvärdighet. / Background: In Sweden palliative home care is expanding rapidly and implies high demands on the next of kins’ involvement. Next of kin of relatives enrolled in palliative home care often find themselves in a demanding position and the burden of the care is experienced as heavy to bear. The support from professional caregivers’ can have an influence on how the next of kin experience his or her situation and if the sick relative can receive care at home. It is important for professional caregivers to understand how the next of kin can experience their situation to be able to support them adequately. Aim: To describe lived experiences as narrated by the next of kin of a relative with a severe condition who is cared for by palliative home care. Method: This article is a literature review based on eight qualitative studies published 2002-2010. The studies were found in the databases CINAHL, PubMed, Academic Search Premier and Nursing & Allied Health Source and by a manual search. A data analysis inspired by meta analysis described by Friberg was performed. Result: In the result five main themes were identified; the experience of one’s affected self image and identity, experiences of support, the experience of putting yourself second, the experience of being let down by professional caregivers and the experience of being together close to death. The key finding in the result is the next of kins’ affected self image which can be found in all themes. Discussion: The concept dignity and its four components merit dignity, identity dignity, morale dignity and human dignity led the way in the discussion of the result. In the result the next of kin is not seen as an individual person, they experience that they do not have a choice whether to care or not and they always put themselves second. The writers discuss how these experiences can affect the next of kins’ merit dignity, identity dignity and morale dignity.
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Våld i nära relationer : En litteraturöversikt om hur våldsutsatta kvinnor upplever bemötandet från sjukvården / Intimate partner violence : A literature review on how abused women experience the hospitality from the health careKlingblom, Ellinor, Ahmadi, Parla January 2015 (has links)
Bakgrund: Mörkertalet bland kvinnor som utsätts för våld i nära relationer befaras vara stort då våldet ofta sker i det privata. Våldet kan vara en kombination av fysiskt, psykiskt och sexuellt våld. Detta samhällsproblem är också ett folkhälsoproblem då det ger uttryck i en sämre hälsa. Våldet kan bidra till fysiska, psykiska samt psykosomatiska besvär och sjukvården har en betydande roll i att identifiera dessa kvinnor. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att belysa hur kvinnor som utsätts för våld i nära relationer upplever bemötandet från sjukvården. Metod: En litteraturöversikt enligt Friberg (2012) har genomförts och grundar sig på tolv vetenskapliga originalartiklar. Artiklar har hämtats från databaserna CINAHL Complete och PubMed. Resultat: Litteraturöversiktens resultat har redovisats i två huvudkategorier med tillhörande subkategorier. Första huvudkategorin Upplevelsen av mötet i sjukvården beskriver kvinnornas upplevelser och intryck i mötet med sjukvården. Andra huvudkategorin Att lyfta frågan om våld belyser kvinnornas känslomässiga upplevelser, hur de upplever sjukvårdspersonalens förhållningssätt samt vilka råd de önskade att sjukvårdspersonalen kände till. Diskussion: Resultatet diskuterades med Joyce Travelbees omvårdnadsteori och konsensusbegreppet vårdande som utgångspunkt. Kvinnorna upplevde främst ett bristfälligt bemötande från sjukvården då de uttryckte en önskan om ökad empati, förståelse samt tålamod från sjukvårdspersonalen. Sjukvårdspersonalens bristande kunskap inom området våldsutsatthet bidrog till att de inte uppmärksammade kvinnorna ur ett helhetsperspektiv. / Background: The number of unrecorded cases among women exposed to intimate partner violence is feared to be large, since violence often takes place in the private sphere. The violence can be a combination of physical, psychological and sexual violence. This social problem is also a public health issue, since it leads to worse health among the exposed women. The violence may cause physical, psychological and psychosomatic disorders. Due to this, health care has an important role in order to identify these women. Aim: The aim of the literature review was to illuminate how women exposed to intimate partner violence experience the hospitality of health care. Method: Suggested by Friberg (2012), a literature review has been implemented which is based upon twelve original scientific articles. The articles were collected from the databases CINAHL Complete and PubMed. Results: The result has been presented into two main categories with associated subcategories. First main category, Experience of meeting the health care, describes women's experiences and impressions of meeting the health care. The second main category, To illuminate the issue of violence, highlights women’s emotional experience. In other words, how they experience the approach among the health care professionals' as well as their wished advice from the nursing staff. Discussions: The result was discussed with Joyce Travelbee’s theory of nursing and the concept of caring. Women experienced a defective treatment from the health care and expressed a desire of greater empathy, understanding and patience from the health care. There is a lack of knowledge regarding the field of violence victimization among the health care professionals´, which leads to that they do not observe the women from a holistic perspective.
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"I Wouldn't Change Anything": The Everyday Realities of Living with Autism from a Parent's PerspectiveMolina, Rudy Modesto, Jr. January 2014 (has links)
Using qualitative methods, this study is about the attitudes and daily practices of parents who genuinely want the best for their children who have been diagnosed with autism. The study examined the everyday realities of living with autism from a parent's perspective. The purpose of this study was to describe the range of specific behaviors, practices, attitudes, and ways of being that families adopt when they engage in the world of autism. Three families were interviewed in these case studies. A content analysis of the interviews identified five thematic clusters that are described and examined in close detail. The five thematic clusters include (1) managing the diagnostic process, (2) child's behavior and educational needs, (3) impact on parent's well-being, (4) impact on the family as a whole, and (5) full integration into mainstream society. These themes were further categorized according to the "challenges" facing the families and the specific "strategies" families used to face these challenges. Parents shared their stories with the researcher with the hopes that their life experiences could be beneficial to other families facing the same challenges as they navigate complex educational, health, and social systems. The research presents a set of recommendations that were embedded in the participants' stories. These recommendations represent advice from the parents in the study to other parents with children diagnosed with autism. Their recommendations are based on what the participants have learned as they raised their own child with autism.
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Blood Sugar and Brothers' Voices: An Exploratory Study Of The Self-Care Management Experiences of African-American Men Living With Type 2 DiabetesSherman, Ledric D 16 December 2013 (has links)
Self-care is the key to living a long and healthy life for people with diabetes. Yet numerous studies show that self-care is far from optimal. This has resulted in attempts to understand the progress underlying self-care behavior in the efforts of mediating more effectively. While there are an abundance of studies focusing on African-American women and diabetes management, there is a considerable gap in health education literature regarding the self-care management experiences of African-American men living with type 2 diabetes. The management and impact of type 2 diabetes on the sense of self, lifestyle, and significant others of the African-American man are not clearly comprehended. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to explore the knowledge, beliefs, and self-care management practices of African American men living with type 2 diabetes.
This was an exploratory study utilizing qualitative methodology to understand the knowledge, beliefs, and existing self-care management practices of up to 50 African-American men, ages 18-70, living with type 2 diabetes. Participants had one-on-one semi structured interviews with the primary investigator. The instruments that were used consisted of two parts: one was a self-administered paper/pencil questionnaire to collect socio-demographic information. The second was a semi-structured interview. The study significance was to identify and understand the barriers to type 2 diabetes management and how they had an adverse influence on self-care. A combination of high barriers, poor daily self-care, management, and knowledge possibly put those with type 2 diabetes at an elevated risk for subordinate self-care management. Barriers had a role in reality and diabetes researchers and educators are charged with recognizing the complications of what individuals with type 2 diabetes need to do improve and enhance their health.
The study findings revealed that the participants labored with managing their diabetes and some counted on their own potential or performance, as well as the encouragement of their family, extended family, neighbors, and friends. Also, many of the participants had a unified theme in that regarding self-care management, having type 2 diabetes affected those in their surrounding environment, not just the person living with the illness. In conclusion, the study findings suggest that future diabetes research and education among African-American men should give attention to male masculinity and the powerful influence it has on utilizing preventive health services. The limited amount of African-American men included in empirical type 2 diabetes research could help explain the under addressed barriers and complexities to positive self-care management.
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An ecosystemic investigation of the plight of learners whose parents are suffering from HIV/AIDS / Ivonne MakueMakue, Ivonne January 2007 (has links)
The objectives of this research were to investigate the lived experiences of parents who are suffering from the HIV/AIDS disease, investigate the lived experiences of children whose parents are suffering from the HIV/AIDS disease and propose an ecosystemic intervention programme for supporting children whose parents are suffering from the HIV/AIDS disease. The literature research investigation revealed that part of the burden that learners whose parents suffer from HIV/AIDS carry comes in the form of mental stress and experiences caused by, merely staying with a sick loved one whose condition deteriorates where hope of improvement was expected, prolonged sickness of a loved one, and witnessing the slow painful death of a loved one especially at home. These children often take on additional domestic tasks or care for sick relatives or younger siblings. The children's attendance can be compromised during this time. Their incentive to protect themselves against infection can be low when HIV is only one of many threats to health and life. Poverty may also breed low levels of respect for self and others, and thus a lack of incentive to value and protect lives. The mediating mechanisms act in ways which reduce the impact of risks, reduce negative chain reactions, maintain self-esteem and self-efficacy through relationships and task achievement and open opportunities for positive development.
Findings from the empirical research reveal that parents who are HIV-positive are unemployable because of their ill-health, a situation which makes their families to leave in dire poverty. The parents often blame each other for their HIV-positive status sometimes as a way of relieving stress, but when these parents blame each other their children are caught in the cross-fire. Children of parents who suffer from HIV/AIDS are discriminated against and stigmatised by other children, friends and people from their communities. This situation affects these children both psychologically and emotionally. These children assume adult responsibilities at a very tender age, usually lack basic needs such as food, clothing, school uniform, school necessities etc. Their scholastic performance gets negatively affected because of lack concentration, not having enough time to do homework and being frequently absent from school. The children become vulnerable to verbal, emotional and physical abuse, do not get the necessary support they need from their family members, community, government institutions such as the Department of Health and in schools where they attend. These children do not seem to be coping with the circumstances they find themselves in especially if they are also HIV-positive.
There is no communication between children of parents who suffer from HIV/AIDS and their parents concerning their experiences about the disease, how they feel and the future expectations. There is also no clear plan on what should these children do, in the case of their parents' death. At schools where these children attend there are no clear strategies to assist them to catch-up with their school work after a long absence and the children do not receive any work from school while they are at home sick or recuperating from illness as per the National Policy on HIV/AIDS.
An ecosystemic programme is proposed in this research. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2008.
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Primary School Principals’ Perceptions of their Role and Experiences within the Protracted Conflict Regions of SomaliaHassan, Mohamed Sheikh Esak 30 October 2013 (has links)
While the role of the school principal has received much attention in stable environments, little research exists on principals working in conflict-affected countries. The purpose of this phenomenological study is to uncover perceptions of Somali principals in Mogadishu regarding their roles and lived experiences, as well as the challenges they face as they lead their schools amid ongoing conflict. In order to understand the different dimensions of the principal’s role and how this role is experienced in such a context, a descriptive phenomenology has been employed. A purposeful sample of eight primary school principals in Mogadishu, which has been the epicentre of the ongoing conflict, was indentified and the principals were interviewed. Through the six-step approach to phenomenological data analysis, as suggested by Creswell (2013), 11 themes were identified.
Findings revealed that principals perceived their role as supporting teachers personally and professionally, supervising instruction, facilitating teacher professional development when the security situation permits, having good relationships with governing bodies, and building community collaboration. Findings also showed that, besides security concerns, student mobility, poor facilities, shortage of trained teachers and student discipline were the major challenges to principals. Findings further indicated that principals acted as boundary spanners using a variety of buffering and bridging strategies in an attempt to minimize uncertainty and security risks, as well as to adapt the school to the volatile environment. Furthermore, commitment to keep schools open, despite the huge challenges, a sense of responsibility for student safety, and calm and courageous actions in the face of danger were perceived as critical factors in sustaining principals in their positions.
Four conclusions were drawn from the study, including principals’ lack of unity in the perception of their roles, principals’ lack of pre-service training, the possibility and essentiality of providing education during armed conflicts, and the importance of creating strong bonds through principals’ supportive roles. Recommendations were offered for primary principals, local educational umbrellas, NGOs, and UN agencies, as well as for further research possibilities.
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Self-concept, Behavioural Attributions, and Self-awareness in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Mixed-methods ApproachDrummond, Kelley 07 August 2013 (has links)
Although a modest body of literature has emerged to investigate the experiences of youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), there is a need to better understand their experiences to guide developmentally appropriate interventions and supports. This exploratory mixed-methods project included two studies aimed at gathering information about the self-perceptions and lived experiences of adolescents with ASD. In study 1, 27 adolescents (ages 13-18) completed measures to examine their self-concept and self-perceived competence, self-awareness of ASD characteristics and behaviours, and the types of behavioural attributions and stigmatizing beliefs they ascribe to their problematic behaviours. Two comparison groups (adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and typically developing adolescents) were used for self-concept and behavioural attribution comparisons. Study 2 comprised a smaller sub-set of 13 participants who participated in interviews designed to capture how ASD is perceived and experienced by those living with this disorder. Study 1 results suggested that adolescents with ASD have some awareness of the social, behavioural and adaptive challenges associated with their diagnosis and, as a group, hold some self-perceptions of competence and behavioural attributions that are different from those of adolescents without ASD. In Study 2, interviews were analyzed thematically to capture how adolescents talk about their diagnosis and psychosocial experiences, and how this may impact their self-concept and self-image. Four major categories emerged: (1) self-awareness and understanding of ASD; (2) psychosocial stress; (3) social-ecological factors; and (4) sources of support. Together, these results provide insights about how they perceive themselves and their diagnosis and some of the individual, family, and school factors related to their self-perceptions and self-awareness. Results from both studies converge to provide support for a systems approach to understanding the interactions between adolescents, families, peers, school, community, and greater society when undertaking individual assessments of needs and treatment planning for ASD. Findings from the studies are discussed with respect to the positive and negative effects of awareness and knowledge about one’s diagnosis on self-perceptions and psychological adaptation. This research has important implications for clinical and educational interventions that address the unique needs and strengths of adolescents with ASD to promote positive developmental outcomes.
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Self-concept, Behavioural Attributions, and Self-awareness in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Mixed-methods ApproachDrummond, Kelley 07 August 2013 (has links)
Although a modest body of literature has emerged to investigate the experiences of youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), there is a need to better understand their experiences to guide developmentally appropriate interventions and supports. This exploratory mixed-methods project included two studies aimed at gathering information about the self-perceptions and lived experiences of adolescents with ASD. In study 1, 27 adolescents (ages 13-18) completed measures to examine their self-concept and self-perceived competence, self-awareness of ASD characteristics and behaviours, and the types of behavioural attributions and stigmatizing beliefs they ascribe to their problematic behaviours. Two comparison groups (adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and typically developing adolescents) were used for self-concept and behavioural attribution comparisons. Study 2 comprised a smaller sub-set of 13 participants who participated in interviews designed to capture how ASD is perceived and experienced by those living with this disorder. Study 1 results suggested that adolescents with ASD have some awareness of the social, behavioural and adaptive challenges associated with their diagnosis and, as a group, hold some self-perceptions of competence and behavioural attributions that are different from those of adolescents without ASD. In Study 2, interviews were analyzed thematically to capture how adolescents talk about their diagnosis and psychosocial experiences, and how this may impact their self-concept and self-image. Four major categories emerged: (1) self-awareness and understanding of ASD; (2) psychosocial stress; (3) social-ecological factors; and (4) sources of support. Together, these results provide insights about how they perceive themselves and their diagnosis and some of the individual, family, and school factors related to their self-perceptions and self-awareness. Results from both studies converge to provide support for a systems approach to understanding the interactions between adolescents, families, peers, school, community, and greater society when undertaking individual assessments of needs and treatment planning for ASD. Findings from the studies are discussed with respect to the positive and negative effects of awareness and knowledge about one’s diagnosis on self-perceptions and psychological adaptation. This research has important implications for clinical and educational interventions that address the unique needs and strengths of adolescents with ASD to promote positive developmental outcomes.
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A hermeneutic phenomenological inquiry into the lived experience of Muslim patients in Australian hospitals.Mohammadi, Nooredin January 2008 (has links)
In the past few years, many people with an Islamic background have settled in Australia. Within the health care context, this means that health care providers must modify the care provided to ensure it meets the needs of this culturally diverse population. Little nursing research has focused on understanding the perceptions and experiences of Muslim people within health care systems, particularly in Australia. This study provided an opportunity to explore, and document the experience of the hospitalisation for Islamic people and thereby advance the available information upon which important nursing care decisions that relate to this group can be more informatively made. This study aims to explore and interpret the lived experience of thirteen Muslim patients who had been hospitalised in an Australian hospital. The hermeneutic phenomenology of Heidegger (1967/1996), the philosophical hermeneutics of Gadamer (1989), and the ideas of van Manen (1990/1996) underpin this study. The meaning and understanding of the everyday experience of Muslim patient in a non-Islamic hospital is achieved through interpretation of the participants’ stories. Data were generated using unstructured audio-taped interviews from participants. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed, then interpreted using phenomenological methods. The two themes to emerge from the participants’ experiences are: Being-thrown-into-an-un-everyday-world and living-Islam-in-the-un-everyday-world. The theme of Being-thrown-into-an-un-everyday-world arose from the sub-themes of the awareness of self and Being an outsider. The theme living-Islam-in-the-un-everyday-world was drawn from the three sub-themes of Being the same and different, hindrances to being Muslim, and adapting-to-the-un-everyday-world. The findings of this study provide an insight into the experience of Muslims being cared for in Australian hospitals. It is hoped that this interpretation will make a significant contribution to the care of Muslim patients by having health professionals consider how this group could be cared for in a culturally sensitive manner. It is not intended as a prescription for care but draws the reader to reflect on aspects of the Muslim faith and how this may impact on individuals experience when in hospital. The scope of this study and the dearth of available research in this area conclude that much more research needs to be undertaken. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1317115 / Thesis(Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Population Health and Clinical Practice, 2008
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