In this dissertation, a study is conducted to develop a probability based load and resistance factor design criterion for structural members considering the local conditions of Turkey. The Advanced First Order Second Moment (AFOSM) procedure is utilized as the probabilistic method of analysis. Various sources of uncertainties associated with concrete compressive strength, yielding and ultimate strength of reinforcing steel bars and the dimensions of beams, columns and shear walls are analyzed and quantified. The resistance statistics for different failure modes of different types of reinforced concrete structural members are computed by using the resistance parameters within the framework of reliability analysis. Structural load effects of dead, live, wind, snow and earthquake loads are analyzed considering the uncertainties in these loads. For different load combinations, the safety levels corresponding to the current design practice are evaluated in terms of the reliability indexes for reinforced concrete beam, column and shear wall design in flexure and shear, and also column design in combined action of flexure and axial load. Depending on this evaluation and the reliability index values reported from other countries, target reliability indexes are selected for different load combinations and different failure modes of structural members. Finally, a new set of load and resistance factors corresponding to selected target reliabilities and levels of uncertainties are proposed for each different failure modes of the structural members considered in this study, separately.

Esta pesquisa avalia a aplicabilidade de modelos matemáticos para analisar a compatibilidade de tráfego de caminhões e combinações de veículos de carga com trechos de rodovias. Os modelos avaliados permitiram a elaboração de um simulador de tráfego de veículos rodoviários de carga em trechos de rodovias, permitindo determinar o perfil de velocidades com base nas características mecânicas do veículo e o perfil da rodovia. O método permite ainda obter os valores de aceleração, potência utilizada, e consumo de combustível. Os resultados obtidos mostraram-se consistentes com observações de campo e recomendações de manuais de projeto de rodovias. Outros fatores associados à compatibilidade entre veículos e rodovias, como capacidade de frenagem motora, capacidade de frenagem de emergência, requisitos de sobrelargura, estabilidade veicular, influência do comportamento do condutor sobre as simulações, consumo de combustíveis e emissões de poluentes são discutidos. Conclui-se que o simulador tem utilidade tanto como ferramenta de análise da compatibilidade de tráfego de veículos de carga em trechos de rodovias, como para identificar deficiências de projeto geométrico de rodovias para autorizar o tráfego de determinadas configurações veiculares. / This research evaluates the applicability of mathematical models to analyze the traffic compatibility of trucks or cargo combination vehicles with road segments. The evaluated models led to a cargo vehicle locomotion simulator along a road segment, that calculates the speed profile of the vehicle as a function of its mechanical characteristics and the road profile. The method also calculates values of acceleration, used power, and fuel consumption. The results obtained are consistent with field observations and recommendations of road design manuals. Others factors associated with the traffic compatibility of cargo vehicles with geometric characteristics of a road segment like engine braking capability, emergency braking capability, overwidht requirements, vehicle stability, conductor influence, fuel consumption, and emissions rates are also discussed. The conclusion is that the simulator can be used as a tool for traffic compatibility analysis of cargo vehicles with road sections or to identify road design deficiencies to certify traffic of certain vehicle configurations.

Esta pesquisa avalia a aplicabilidade de modelos matemáticos para analisar a compatibilidade de tráfego de caminhões e combinações de veículos de carga com trechos de rodovias. Os modelos avaliados permitiram a elaboração de um simulador de tráfego de veículos rodoviários de carga em trechos de rodovias, permitindo determinar o perfil de velocidades com base nas características mecânicas do veículo e o perfil da rodovia. O método permite ainda obter os valores de aceleração, potência utilizada, e consumo de combustível. Os resultados obtidos mostraram-se consistentes com observações de campo e recomendações de manuais de projeto de rodovias. Outros fatores associados à compatibilidade entre veículos e rodovias, como capacidade de frenagem motora, capacidade de frenagem de emergência, requisitos de sobrelargura, estabilidade veicular, influência do comportamento do condutor sobre as simulações, consumo de combustíveis e emissões de poluentes são discutidos. Conclui-se que o simulador tem utilidade tanto como ferramenta de análise da compatibilidade de tráfego de veículos de carga em trechos de rodovias, como para identificar deficiências de projeto geométrico de rodovias para autorizar o tráfego de determinadas configurações veiculares. / This research evaluates the applicability of mathematical models to analyze the traffic compatibility of trucks or cargo combination vehicles with road segments. The evaluated models led to a cargo vehicle locomotion simulator along a road segment, that calculates the speed profile of the vehicle as a function of its mechanical characteristics and the road profile. The method also calculates values of acceleration, used power, and fuel consumption. The results obtained are consistent with field observations and recommendations of road design manuals. Others factors associated with the traffic compatibility of cargo vehicles with geometric characteristics of a road segment like engine braking capability, emergency braking capability, overwidht requirements, vehicle stability, conductor influence, fuel consumption, and emissions rates are also discussed. The conclusion is that the simulator can be used as a tool for traffic compatibility analysis of cargo vehicles with road sections or to identify road design deficiencies to certify traffic of certain vehicle configurations.

The aim of diploma thesis is design and appraise the structure of the spatial reinforced concrete object founded on foundation slab. The structure is without the cladding. To the calculation of internal forces is used computing software Scia Engineer 15. Roof slab, rung, beam and column are designed. Designed life of the structure is 50 years.

No description available.

Earthquake has always been a hazard for civil structures and keeping the structures integrity during and after an earthquake is of vital importance. This phenomenon’s impact is sudden and there is little or no warning to make the preparations for this natural disaster. Much damage has been done on structures which have led to major collapses and loss of many lives. Civil structures such as nuclear power plants are designed to withstand earthquakes and in the event of a major seismic event, to shut down safely. The aim of this thesis is to present the seismic design procedures for concrete structures, in basic and detailed design, according to Eurocode 8. Also to describe and understand the difference between Eurocode 8 and the DNB in seismic analysis of nuclear power plants. To evaluate the use of DNB instead of Eurocode 8 with Swedish seismic conditions is also another aim in this thesis.  Loads and actions which apply on a structure in a seismic design and corresponding load combinations are presented for Eurocode 8 and the DNB. An example is also given to clarify the design of primary seismic beams and columns with high ductility class (DCH). A case study of a nuclear structure from a test project named SMART2013 has been made by analyzing and comparing the results from Eurocode 8 and the DNB with a finite element model in FEM-Design software. Natural frequencies of the model are compared with the tested model in SMART2013-project to evaluate the finite element modeling. The model is seismically analyzed with load combinations from Eurocode 8 and the DNB with Swedish elastic ground response spectrum with the probability of 10-5. Results obtained from the primary seismic beams and columns are compared and analyzed.  Being on the safe and conservative side of the design values is always preferred in seismic analysis of a vital and sensitive structure such as nuclear power plants. The results from this thesis shows that, purely structural, combination of Swedish elastic ground response spectrum with the Eurocode 8 load combination will give more conservative values than the DNB. / I stora delar av världen har jordbävningar alltid varit ett hot för byggnaders integritet. Karaktären av en jordbävning är plötslig och föranleds av små eller inga varningar. Om jordbävningen medför att byggnader kollapsar sker ofta stora förluster av människoliv direkt eller indirekt. Kärnkraftsverk är anläggningar som dimensioneras för att klara jordbävningar och ska kunna gå till säker avställning vid en sådan händelse. Syftet med föreliggande rapport är att presentera hur betongkonstruktioner dimensioneras för jordbävning enligt Eurokod 8. Rapporten redogör även för skillnader mellan att dimensionera enligt Eurokod 8 och DNB (Dimensionering av nukleära byggnadskonstruktioner) samt hur det slår att använda Eurokod med svenska seismiska förhållanden. Laster och lastkombinationer som används vid jordbävningsdimensionering av betongbyggnader är presenterad enligt både Eurokod och DNB. Ett exempel presenteras för att visa hur primära balkar och pelare med hög duktilitetsklass (DCH) dimensioneras för seismisk påverkan. En fallstudie av en nukleär byggnad från ett internationellt projekt, SMART2013, har använts för att analysera och utvärdera resultaten från Eurokod och DNB. Byggnaden har analyserats med finita element med programvaran FEM Design. Modellens riktighet har verifierats genom att jämföra bland annat egenfrekvenser med de från officiella rapporter från SMART2013. Byggnaden är analyserad för seismisk last enligt svenska förhållanden med markresponsspektra 10-5, och primära balkar och pelare har analyserats och utvärderats enligt både Eurokod och DNB.