Objetivos: Avaliar a percepção da dispneia em pacientes com fibrose cística (FC) comparando com indivíduos normais, durante teste com cargas resistivas inspiratórias e durante teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6M). Secundariamente, avaliar a correlação entre os escores de dispneia induzida pelas cargas resistivas e os escores de dispneia provocada pelo TC6M. Métodos: estudo transversal em pacientes com FC (≥15 anos) e indivíduos normais. Os voluntários foram submetidos a teste com cargas resistivas inspiratórias, medida das pressões respiratórias máximas, espirometria, avaliação nutricional e TC6M. Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 31 pacientes com FC pareados com 31 indivíduos normais. À medida que a magnitude das cargas resistivas inspiratórias aumentou, os escores de dispneia aumentaram (p<0,001), porém não houve diferença entre grupos quanto ao escore de dispneia (p=0,654) e não houve efeito de interação (p=0,654). SpO2 foi menor em pacientes com FC (p<0,001) e aumentou à medida que a magnitude das cargas aumentou (p<0,001), sem ocorrer efeito de interação (p=,364). Vinte e seis (84%) indivíduos normais completaram o teste com cargas resistivas, comparado com apenas 12 (39%) dos pacientes com FC (p<0,001). Os escores de dispneia foram maiores ao final do TC6M do que no repouso (p<0,001), mas não houve diferença entre os grupos (p=0,080) e não houve efeito de interação (p=0,091). SpO2 foi menor nos pacientes com FC (p<0,001) e diminuiu do repouso ao final do TC6M nos pacientes com FC (p<0,001) com efeito de interação (p=0,004). Os escores de dispneia ao final do TC6M correlacionaram-se significativamente com os escores de dispneia induzidos pelo teste com cargas resistivas. Conclusão: a percepção da dispneia em pacientes com FC induzidos por teste com cargas resistivas inspiratórias e pelo TC6M não diferiu dos indivíduos normais. Contudo, os pacientes com FC descontinuaram o teste com cargas resistivas inspiratórias mais frequentemente. Além disso, houve correlação significativa entre o escore de percepção da dispneia induzida pelas cargas resistivas inspiratórias e pelo TC6M. / Objectives: To evaluate dyspnea perception in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients compared with normal subjects, during inspiratory resistive loading and the six-minute walk test (6MWT). Secondarily, to assess the correlation between dyspnea scores induced by resistive loads and those induced by the 6MWT. Methods: cross-sectional study in patients with CF (≥15 years old) and normal subjects. Volunteers underwent inspiratory resistive loading, measurement of maximal respiratory pressures, spirometry, nutritional evaluation, and the 6MWT. Results: Thirty-one CF patients and 31 paired normal subjects were included in the study. As the magnitude of the inspiratory loads increased, dyspnea scores increased (p<.001), but there was no difference between groups in dyspnea score (p=.654) and no group interaction effect (p=.654). SpO2 was lower in CF patients (p<.001) and increased as the magnitude of the loads increased (p<.001), with no interaction effect (p=.364). Twenty-six (84%) normal subjects completed the whole test, compared to only 12 (39%) CF patients (p<.001). Dyspnea scores were higher post-6MWT than at rest (p<.001), but did not differ between groups (p=.080) with no interaction effect (p=.091). SpO2 was lower in CF patients (p<.001) and decreased from resting to post-6MWT in CF patients (p<.001) with an interaction effect (p=.004). Post-6MWT dyspnea scores were significantly correlated with dyspnea scores induced by resistive loads. Conclusion: dyspnea perception in CF patients induced by inspiratory resistive loading and by 6MWT did not differ from normal subjects. However, CF patients discontinued inspiratory resistive loading more frequently. In addition, there were significant correlations between dyspnea perception score induced by inspiratory resistance loading and by the 6MWT.

The objective of this thesis was to design and implement a scalable and load efficient back-end system for web game services. This is of interest since web applications may overnight gain a significant increase in user base, because of viral sharing. Therefore designing the web application to service an increasing amount of users can make or break the application, in regard to keep the user base. Because of this, testing how well the system performs during heavy load can be used as a foundation when making a decision of when and where to scale up the application. The system was to be generically accessible through an Application Programming Interface (API) by the different game services. This was done using a RESTful architecture where emphasise was put on building the system scalable and load efficient. This thesis focuses on designing and implementing such a system, and how load testing can be used to evaluate this systems performance for an increasing amount of simultaneous clients using the web application. The results from load testing the implemented system was above the expectations, considering the hardware used when running the tests and hosting the system. The conclusion of this thesis is that by following REST when designing a web service, scalability becomes a natural part of how one would design the system.

This thesis is about software testing and mainly focused on performance testing of web applications. The introductory chapters outline problems of testing, identification of key issues, explanation of general concepts and software quality, differences between desktop and web application testing and finally - performance testing. Then, there is chosen a web application suitable for testing (Kentico CMS 6) and comparison of existing tools for performance and load testing. One of them (Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 Ultimate Edition) is chosen for the further testing. Therefore, several test scenarios are designed and implemented (including demonstration of creating, editing and debugging, extending with plug-ins, maintaining, running in a distributed environment, etc.). Finally, there are introduced testing reports and suggestions for the further testing.

Um die Anwendung der Methode der experimentellen Tragsicherheitsbewertung auch für Bauteile zu ermöglichen, die eine Gefährdung eines gering duktilen Versagens, wie des Biegeschubversagens, aufweisen, wurden diese Versagensform und ihre messtechnisch erfassbare Vorankündigung ausführlich analysiert. Bisher waren solche sprödbruch-gefährdeten Bauteile von einer experimentellen Untersuchung ausgeschlossen, weil keine geeigneten Kriterien zur sicheren Bestimmung der Versuchsgrenzlast existierten. Diese Wissenslücke wurde in dieser Arbeit geschlossen und Indikatoren bzw. Kriterien entwickelt, die eine sichere Bestimmung der maximal zulässigen Beanspruchung während eines Belastungsversuches an einem schubbeanspruchten und sprödbruchgefährdeten Bauteil ermöglichen. In der Arbeit wurde ein zweigeteilter Ansatz verfolgt, bei dem zunächst durch theoretische Überlegungen die Gefahr eines spröden Schubversagens beurteilt werden kann. Dazu wurden die geschichtliche Entwicklung der Schubbemessung analysiert und eine Bewertung sowie ein Vergleich der verschiedenen Bemessungsregeln durchgeführt. Damit und aus der Analyse der maßgeblichen Einflussfaktoren auf das Schubtragverhalten von Stahlbetonbauteilen, konnten Randbedingungen formuliert werden, für die ein Schubversagen bereits im Vorfeld einer experimentellen Untersuchung ausgeschlossen werden kann. Ist es trotzdem notwendig, die Schubtragsicherheit eines Stahlbetonbauteiles experimentell nachzuweisen, können die in dieser Arbeit formulierten Kriterien zur Beurteilung des Tragzustandes verwendet werden. Um die theoretisch entwickelten Indikatoren zu praxistauglichen Kriterien hocharbeiten zu können, wurden experimentelle Untersuchungen an Stahlbetonbalken ohne und mit geringer Schubbewehrung durchgeführt. Dabei zeigte sich, dass für die Beurteilung des Schubtragverhaltens vor allem die schräge Rissentstehung und entwicklung maßgeblich sind. Um den kritischen Rissbildungszustand beurteilen zu können, wurde zwischen lokaler und globaler Schubschädigung unterschieden. Für die messtechnische Wahrnehmung bzw. Erfassung der schrägen Rissentwicklung wurden herkömmliche Verformungsmesstechniken wie Induktive Wegaufnehmer und Dehnungs-messungsstreifen mit der Nahbereichsphotogrammetrie und der Schallemissionsanalyse kombiniert eingesetzt. In den Versuchen konnte der Übergang vom spröden Versagen infolge Querkraft hin zu duktilem Biegeversagen durch die Veränderung der Schubschlankheit und des Bügelbewehrungsgrades gezeigt werden. Bereits geringe Bügelbewehrungsmengen führten zu einem wesentlich duktileren Verformungsverhalten und einem Versagen, das eine deutliche Vorankündigung zeigt. Aus den durchgeführten theoretischen Überlegungen und experimentellen Untersuchungen wurden Empfehlungen für die Vorgehensweise bei experimentellen Tragsicherheitsbewertungen schubgefährdeter Konstruktionen abgeleitet. / In order to allow the application of loading tests (experimental evaluation of the load bearing safety) for structural members, that are deemed to fail brittle, e. g. in shear compression, this type of failure and its measurable announcement have been studied in detail. Up till today structural members endangered of brittle failures could not be investigated experimentally, because no appropriate criteria for the determination of the ultimate test load existed. This gap in knowledge was closed in this thesis and indicators and criteria were developed, which allow the detection of the maximum allowable load during load testing of shear critical structures with the risk of a brittle failure. In this work a two-step approach is chosen. At first theoretical considerations are presented with which the danger of a brittle shear failure can be evaluated. Therefor the historical development of the shear design was analyzed and an evaluation and comparison of the different shear design rules are given. Therewith and with the analysis of the significant influencing factors on the shear bearing behavior of reinforced concrete members, boundary conditions were proposed for which a shear failure can be excluded in advance of an experimental evaluation of the load bearing safety. However, if it is still necessary to experimentally evaluate the shear bearing safety of a reinforced concrete structural member, the criteria given in this thesis can be utilized for the evaluation of the bearing condition. To develop the theoretically derived indicators up to practical criteria experimental investigations on reinforced concrete beams without and with low shear reinforcement have been carried out. It was shown that the formation and development of inclined cracks are the most significant indicators for a developing shear failure. For the assessment of the critical crack condition a distinction between local and global shear damage was formulated. For the perception and detection of the inclined crack development common deformation measurements as inductive displacement transducers and strain gauges were combined with close-range photogrammetry and acoustic emission analysis. In the experimental investigations the transition from brittle shear failure to ductile bending failure was shown by varying the shear-to-depth-ratio and the amount of shear reinforcement. Already low amounts of shear reinforcement led to a significantly ductile deformation behavior and a failure with a clear advanced notice. With the theoretical considerations and the experimental investigations recommendations for experimental evaluations of the shear bearing safety were derived.

The master’s thesis is focused on serviceability evaluation of historical concrete floor slab realized in the third decade of the 20th century. The assessment of structural performance is based on the results of load testing in situ. The thesis defines contemporary load testing requirements followed by the specifications of measuring instruments and the possibilities of displacement measurements during load testing. In addition, it includes structural and historical investigation of the building, methodology and data evaluation of the load testing. Finally, the theoretical computer simulation of executed load testing is run by using software determined for nonlinear finite elements analysis.

Cloud computing is a growing industry. More and more companies are moving away from on-premise infrastructure. Instead, the choice is often to build their systems based on cloud services. This growth in the industry has brought with it new needs and consequently, new solutions. There have never existed as many different cloud providers and services offered by these providers. One of the newer paradigms in this industry is the serverless approach. The problem of this thesis is that there is a lack of research into how Azure's serverless Function-as-a-Service offering compare to their more traditional Infrastructure-as-a-Service one. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to compare the two with regards to their performance, cost, and required developer effort. The goal is to provide a comparison that can help software professionals in choosing an appropriate cloud solution for their application. Additionally, it aims to contribute to the increased knowledge of modern serverless solutions while providing a basis for future research. A qualitative method supported by measurements is used. The two cloud solutions are compared with regards to their performance, cost and developer effort. This is done by implementing and deploying equivalent Representational State Transfer applications with the two Azure offerings. The two implementations are stress-tested to measure their performance, and their incurred costs are compared. Additionally, the effort involved in developing the two solutions is compared by studying the amount of time required to deploy them, and the amount of code needed for them. The results show that the serverless Function-as-a-Service solution performed worse under the types of high loads used in the study. The incurred costs for the performed tests were higher for the serverless option, while the developer effort involved was lower. Additionally, further testing showed that the performance of the Function-as-a-Service solution was highly dependent on the concept of cold starts. / Molnbaserade tjänster är en växande industri. Fler och fler företag rör sig bort från att ha sin infrastruktur i egna lokaler. Istället väljer många att bygga sina system med molntjänster. Denna tillväxt inom industrin har fört med sig nya behov och med det nya lösningar. Det har aldrig tidigare existerat lika många molnleverantörer och molntjänster. En ny paradigm inom denna industri är det serverlösa tillvägagångssättet. Problemet som denna uppsats ämnar att angripa är att det finns en brist på forskning som jämför Azures serverlösa Function-as-a-Service tjänst med deras mer traditionella Infrastructure-as-a-Service tjänst. Syftet med detta arbete är därför att jämföra dessa två med avseende på deras prestanda, kostnad och nödvändig utvecklaransträngning. Målet är att tillhandahålla en jämförelse som kan hjälpa arbetare inom mjukvaruindustrin att välja en passande molnlösning för deras behov. Utöver det ämnar detta arbete att bidra till en ökad kunskap kring moderna serverlösa tjänster, samt att tillhandahålla en bas för framtida forskning. En kvalitativ metod understödd av mätningar används. De två tjänsterna jämförs med avseende på deras prestanda, kostnad och nödvändig utvecklaranstränging. Detta utförs genom att implementera och driftsätta likvärdiga Representational State Transfer-applikationer med de två tjänsterna från Azure. Implementationerna stresstestas för att mäta deras prestanda, och kostnaden för detta jämförs. Utöver det jämförs den anstränging som krävdes av utvecklarna för att utveckla de två lösningarna, detta genom att studera tiden som behövdes för att driftsätta dem och hur mycket kod som erfordrades. Resultaten visar att den serverlösa Function-as-a-Service tjänsten presterade sämre för den typ av belastning som användes. Kostnaden för de utförda testerna var högre för den serverlösa tjänsten, medan den nödvändiga utvecklaransträngningen var lägre. Utöver detta visade ytterliggare testning att prestandan för Function-as-a-Service tjänsten till stor del påverkas av kallstarter.

Данная выпускная магистерская диссертация нацелена на разработку технологии нагрузочного тестирования локальной платежной системы для лиц с ограниченными возможностями здоровья. Актуальность состоит в непрерывной проверке системы на качество и стабильность работы приложения, в связи с отсутствием данного функционала, а также высокой стоимости у аналоговых сервисов. В работе решаются задачи: анализ потенциального количества пользователей, анализ аналогичных сервисов, анализ предметной области, реализация теоретической задачи разработки технологии нагрузочного тестирования для локальной платежной системы для людей с ограниченными возможностями здоровья, реализация проекта нагрузочного тестирования и мониторинга показателей системы, для снижения ресурсов. Объектом исследования является технология автоматизированного нагрузочного тестирования. Предмет исследования – процесс проведения нагрузочного тестирования в локальной платежной системе для лиц с ограниченными возможностями здоровья. Практическая значимость работы состоит разработке необходимого функционала приложения. Данный функционал поможет обычному человеку, без специальных знаний в программировании или разработке, понять на сколько система загружена и нуждается ли в доработке или увеличению мощности на удаленном сервере. Аналогичные проекты стоят дорого, обычному человеку разобраться с ними будет сложно. Так как проект социальный, как таковой прибыли с него получить нельзя, тем самым лишних денег на приобретение сторонних программ и найм специализированных людей на сопровождение системы нет. Экономический эффект работы состоит в сокращении финансовых затрат на проведение тестирования локальной платежной системы на всем жизненном цикле существования приложения. В связи с высокой стоимостью аналогичных разработок, а также высоким порогом вхождения, данная работа имеет большую актуальность. Полученный результат поможет сэкономить значительное количество финансов. / This graduate master's thesis is aimed at developing a technology for load testing of a local payment system for people with disabilities. The relevance consists in the continuous verification of the system for the quality and stability of the application, due to the lack of this functionality, as well as the high cost of analog services. The paper solves the following tasks: analysis of the potential number of users, analysis of similar services, domain analysis, implementation of the theoretical task of developing a load testing technology for a local payment system for people with disabilities, implementation of a load testing project and monitoring of system indicators to reduce resources. The object of the study is the technology of automated load testing. The subject of the study is the process of load testing in a local payment system for people with disabilities. The practical significance of the work consists in the development of the necessary application functionality. This functionality will help an ordinary person, without special knowledge in programming or development, to understand how much the system is loaded and whether it needs to be improved or increased capacity on a remote server. Similar projects are expensive, it will be difficult for an ordinary person to deal with them. Since the project is social, as such, it is impossible to get profit from it, thereby there is no extra money for the purchase of third-party programs and hiring specialized people to support the system. The economic effect of the work is to reduce the financial costs of testing the local payment system throughout the lifecycle of the application. Due to the high cost of similar developments, as well as the high entry threshold, this work is of great relevance. The result will help to save a significant amount of finance.

No description available.

The thesis is focused on the overview of the diagnostic methods for engineering surveys reinforced concrete constructions. The practical part explains engineering surveys of industrial building, evaluation of concrete strength on existing building and results from search reinforcements on individual elements. Next part is focused on load testing precast floor slab removed from construction and evaluation load capacity. The last part include structural design of elected parts (precast floor slab and beam).

Denna studie syftar till att beskriva prestandatest av feta klienter, ibland också kallade skrivbordsapplikationer. Studien syftar även till att kartlägga testverktyg som kan användas för att utföra prestandatest av feta klienter och att identifiera vilka egenskaper som anses vara viktiga kriterier för dessa testverktyg. Undersökningen är skapad som en fallstudie som undersökningsstrategi där fallets utgångspunkt är Trafikverkets behov men undersökning och dess resultat kan även appliceras på andra verksamheter där testarbete utförs. Både kvalitativ och kvantitativ datainsamling användes i undersökningen genom intervjuer och dokumentstudier samt enkätformulär. Då insamlat data i undersökningen är av både kvalitativ och kvantitativ form så användes också en blandning av en kvalitativ tematisk analys och kvantitativ dataanalys. En del av analysen är en utvärdering av ett testverktygsurval mot sammanställda kriterier, en kriteriebaserad utvärderingsmetod. Tillvägagångssättet för val och utvärdering av testverktyg som tillämpats genom studien är baserat på tidigare befintliga teorier som funnits genom litteraturstudier. Litteraturstudierna har även stått till grund för att definiera undersökningens centrala begrepp och bidrar till resultat genom en jämförelse med insamlat data. Resultatet från undersökningen bidrar med ett beslutsunderlag för verksamheter som står inför ett val av testverktyg för prestandatest av feta klienter och en utvärdering av dessa innan licenser införskaffas. Undersökningen bidrar även med en karakterisering av prestandatest av feta klienter. I just detta fall var de mest passande testverktygen för syftet HP LoadRunner samt två testverktyg från eggPlant i kombination (eggPlant Functional och eggPlant Performance). / The aim of this study is to describe performance testing on thick clients, sometimes also referred to as desktop applications. Another aim with this study is to map out a selection of testing tools that can be used for performance testing of thick clients and to identify what qualities that is considered to be important criteria for these testing tools. The study is based on the research strategy called case study where the case is grounded the needs from Trafikverket but the results from this study could be applied on other business organizations that works with testing. Both qualitative and quantitative data collecting methods where used in this study, in the form och interviews, document studies and questionnaires. Since the collected data in the study where in both qualitative and quantitative form the use of a mix between a qualitative thematical data analysis and a quantitative data analysis had to be done. A part of the analysis was an evaluation on a selection of testing tools towards a compiled list of criteria, as an evaluation method based on criteria. The course of action for choosing and evaluation a testing tool that has been applied throughout the study is based on preexisting theories that has been found through reviews of literature. The reviews of literature have also been the ground for defining the central concepts of the study and contributes to the result by comparing what’s been found in literature to the collected data. The result of the study contributes with a basis for decision for companies and organizations that is in the process of getting a testing tool for performance testing thick clients och how to evaluate these before obtaining the testing tool licenses. The study also contributes with a characterization of performance testing thick clients. In this particular case, the most suitable testing tools came to be HP LoadRunner and also two testing tools from eggPlant combined (eggPlant Functional and eggPlant Performance).