The thesis deals with the variability of spelling of English loanwords in the Czech language, both from the diachronic and synchronic point of view. It explores Anglicisms in the Czech vocabulary in general, and focuses on the borrowings and their spelling variants occurring in recent journalistic texts. It also examines how the original spelling and pronunciation influence the final form of the loanword which eventually becomes standardised in Czech. The theoretical part describes the phonetic changes that take place when a word is borrowed and also the differences in the phonological systems of Czech and English. The practical part deals with competing alternatives of English loanwords in Czech, both those already firmly established and the newly borrowed ones, which are more likely to occur in dual spelling in the current Czech language.

The thesis is about strategy of using the lexical item in international journals (Elle, Grazia, Company magazine). It contains the comparism of the English, Spanish and Czech versions of the above mentioned fashion magazines. The thesis deals with the contemporary usage of naming the parts of clothes. It also deals with anglicisms, loanwords and loan translations. At the end I will also mention some information about the magazines and the persuasive function of the language, which is closely connected to advertising.

Kinyarwanda, like many other languages in contact, has adapted foreign words to meet the needs of its daily life vocabulary and activity. In addition to the lexical need filling, Kinyarwanda borrowed foreign words not only out of need for foreign words but also for prestige. This thesis is based on two hypotheses: Kinyarwanda has borrowed foreign words out of need in various areas; loanwords have been allocated to Kinyarwanda noun class system. This work has discussed and analysed how French and English loanwords have been allocated to key areas of influence and the nominal class system of Kinyarwanda. The data were collected from various sources, including publications, conversation, newspapers, Bible literature, school text books, commercial posters, hoardings. The study has analysed loanwords from French/English deceptive cognates in a bilingual context. This is a challenging task for other researchers who will have to deal with the complexity of deceptive cognate loanwords. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)

The purpose of this study is to investigate how people of varying ages, generations and genders use a selection of Swedish words that occurs in the Finnish language that is spoken in Sweden. The informants examined are originated from Finland or has at least one parent from Finland and speaks Finnish. In order to answer the aim and research questions for this study a quantitative method has been used and a survey with 277 replies has been accomplished. The result of the study shows that the Sweden Finns are using the investigated Sweden Finnish words. Some variations occurred due to age, generation and gender but despite these variations the words are overall used to a greater degree in relative to the investigated aspects.

The subject of the thesis is to appraise the situation of the extent and the way of use of English loanwords in Norwegian and Dutch. The issue is presented on the background of historical development of borrowing in these languages and also explained in the contemporary tendency of English words usage in non-English speaking countries. To document the official attitude of Norwegian and Dutch media to loanwords we add the results of survey among the particular editors. On the basis of loanwords principles in Norwegian and Dutch, presented in the theoretical part, we assess the English loanwords in particular articles published in Norwegian and Dutch Internet news journals. The attention is aimed to the general analysis of English loanwords in Norwegian and Dutch, to the analysis of the domains noticeably influenced by the loans and to the morphological and orthographical integration of loanwords in the monitored languages. The outcomes of each analysis for Norwegian and Dutch are compared and interpreted. Key words: English, borrowing, Dutch, journalistic style, loanwords, Norwegian

This Diploma Thesis deals with anglicisms and their frequency in the contemporary Czech language from the point of view of older children at middle school level. It is primarily focused on the understanding and usage of popular and frequent anglicisms. Thesis theoretical part covers general information about language, enriching of the lexicon and it compares Czech language with English. The practical part introduces the results of a questionnaire survey, which was carried out at four elementary schools in the Czech Republic. The aim of the survey was to map the ability of older children at middle school level to understand the English expressions. It was also concerned in their attitudes towards adaptation of words from English. It also touches the usage of anglicisms in the lessons of Czech language at middle school level. Examples of practical exercises are provided. The final part of the Project sums up the reached conclusions. The Diploma Thesis attachments contain the questionnaire and the practical exercises.

This study investigates the use of and the attitudes towards anglicisms in Mexican Spanish. Our aim is to find out whether and if so in what way the use and attitudes change according to the age and gender of the speaker. The study was carried out among 24 Mexicans living in the centre of Mexico who were divided into the age groups 18-29, 30-54, 55+ as well as gender. The informants answered a questionnaire of which the first part investigated their use of anglicisms, the second part investigated their attitudes towards the same. In the first part, the participants were asked to choose between a common anglicism or its also frequently used Spanish equivalent. In the second part, the informants were requested to indicate their level of agreement or disagreement towards three negative and three positive affirmations about anglicisms. Our results show that the use of anglicisms is bigger in the youngest group of informants and decreases with the age of the participants. Also concerning the attitudes, we found a correlation with age where the two younger groups of informants express neutral attitudes towards anglicisms while the attitudes of the oldest group of participants are negative. Our results don’t show any differences between the genders neither in use nor in attitudes.

The aim of this study was to find out if there are differences in the use of Anglicisms in the French language from Quebec and from France. This was done with the help of a well-known sitcom named Un gars, une fille. The Quebecers and the French have adopted their own version of this sitcom to their cultures. Nine similar sequences from both countries on the theme of sports and six different on the theme of renovation/DIY were analyzed. The analysis concentrated on the English loanwords used by the characters. It was found that the Quebecers, in the sitcom, used more English loanwords than the French. Both French and Quebecers employed many loanwords that are considered as integrated into their language, but they also used loanwords that have a negative connotation because there is a French word to replace it, but the Anglicisms used appears more fashionable. Finally, it is interesting to note the divergence of opinions among scholars in the field of study. Where one scholar considers an Anglicism as a part of the French language (integrated) another scholar deems it to be a negative influence, a loanword that should not be used.

Levanta os estrangeirismos contidos na revista semanal japonesa Shukan Asahi (nº 4825, de 6/7/2007); destaca os estrangeirismos de origem na língua inglesa anglicismos; estuda de modo contextualizado o modo como são utilizados os anglicismos selecionados; levanta características de utilização na língua japonesa: diferença ou não quanto a classe morfológica e carga semântica em relação à língua de origem, modo de adaptação dentro da língua receptora. Discorre sobre a relação da abundância de anglicismos em materiais impressos em língua japonesa e o ensino/aprendizagem de vocábulos na língua japonesa enquanto língua estrangeira. Discorre sobre as razões intrínsecas que levam o indivíduo a utilizar palavras de outras línguas; sobre a relação da língua inglesa com as demais línguas. / Pick up the loanwords from inside the Japanese weekly magazine Shukan Asahi (No. 4825 of 06/07/2007); highlights loanwords from English language anglicism; study through a contextualized way the use of those selected anglicisms; raises anglicisms features of using in the Japanese language: morphological and semantic differences the word is used in the language of origin, methods of adjustment in the receiving language. Discourses the relationship between the abundance of anglicisms in Japanese language printed materials and the teaching/learning words in Japanese as a foreign language. Discuss the intrinsic reason that made the individual motivates to use words from other languages; the relationship among English language and other languages.

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes towards English loanwords, "anglicisms", among Spanish-English bilinguals in the Metropolitan area of New York. According to the 2010 US Census, this area encompassed approximately 3.5 million people above the age of 5 speaking Spanish at home, excluding the quantity of people who have some knowledge of Spanish but who do not speak it at home.   The method used was a direct one, whereby we sent out a questionnaire, inquiring about the acceptability of 6 anglicisms deemed "necessary" and 6 anglicisms deemed "superfluous" as well as inquiring about the informants’ attitudes towards not only the users of anglicisms but also towards the broader use in society. Given that our goal was to not only have an equal amount of women and men, but also to have 3 clearly defined age groups, for whom Spanish is the maternal language, our end result of 12 participants fitting that description was somewhat underwhelming which led to problems drawing relevant conclusions.  Our main hypothesis was that we would find a higher generalized acceptance level towards anglicisms among our informants across all variables as compared to the wide disapproval found in the broader US bilingual population. In addition, we expected to see no major age-related differences in the attitudes and that men and women be equally accepting towards the necessary anglicisms but that women would show a lower level of approval towards the superfluous anglicisms.  Our hypotheses were mostly borne out by our data other than for the one assuming no agerelated differences in attitudes towards our two categories of anglicisms. The results indicated a markedly lower acceptance level in the oldest age-group than in the 2 younger age-groups, but only for the superfluous kind, while the necessary anglicisms saw similar approval levels across all age-groups.