Esta tese, por meio dos estudos de caso do Arranjo Produtivo da Música de Conservatória, distrito do município de Valença RJ e do Circuito Italiano de Turismo Rural de Colombo, na Grande Curitiba, busca estabelecer outro espaço de análise para se compreender os Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs) prestadores de serviços no rural. Nos trabalhos de campo, encontramos evidências da importância de aspectos simbólicos, como: identidade, pertencimento, percepção sobre o patrimônio, proximidade, afetividade e solidariedade para a formação de um corpo de importância crucial na territorialização dos arranjos rurais voltados à oferta de serviços. Esta maneira de se entender estes territórios é distinta da que se utiliza usualmente, quando se transfere o instrumental teórico estabelecido para a análise dos APLs industriais aos de serviços no rural. / This thesis aims at establishing another analytical space for the comprehension of Local Productive Systems (LPS) of services within rural spaces through the fieldwork carried out in Conservatorias Music Productive System, in Valença region, Rio de Janeiro State, and Colombos Touristic Italian Circuit, in Curitiba metropolitan region, Parana State. Such fieldwork has allowed us to find evidence of the importance of symbolic aspects, such as identity, belonging, 11 patrimony perception, proximity, affection and solidarity concerning the formation of a crucially important corpus for the territorialization of rural systems aimed at offering services. Such comprehension of territories is different from the one currently used when the established theoretical tools are transferred from industrial LPS to the analysis of services within rural spaces.

Esta tese, por meio dos estudos de caso do Arranjo Produtivo da Música de Conservatória, distrito do município de Valença RJ e do Circuito Italiano de Turismo Rural de Colombo, na Grande Curitiba, busca estabelecer outro espaço de análise para se compreender os Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs) prestadores de serviços no rural. Nos trabalhos de campo, encontramos evidências da importância de aspectos simbólicos, como: identidade, pertencimento, percepção sobre o patrimônio, proximidade, afetividade e solidariedade para a formação de um corpo de importância crucial na territorialização dos arranjos rurais voltados à oferta de serviços. Esta maneira de se entender estes territórios é distinta da que se utiliza usualmente, quando se transfere o instrumental teórico estabelecido para a análise dos APLs industriais aos de serviços no rural. / This thesis aims at establishing another analytical space for the comprehension of Local Productive Systems (LPS) of services within rural spaces through the fieldwork carried out in Conservatorias Music Productive System, in Valença region, Rio de Janeiro State, and Colombos Touristic Italian Circuit, in Curitiba metropolitan region, Parana State. Such fieldwork has allowed us to find evidence of the importance of symbolic aspects, such as identity, belonging, 11 patrimony perception, proximity, affection and solidarity concerning the formation of a crucially important corpus for the territorialization of rural systems aimed at offering services. Such comprehension of territories is different from the one currently used when the established theoretical tools are transferred from industrial LPS to the analysis of services within rural spaces.

Les représentations identitaires du Semi-aride brésilien ont été pendant longtemps incarnées dans des images de pauvreté, sécheresses et sous-développement. En dépassant ces stéréotypes, les politiques publiques actuelles appliquent une nouvelle approche du développement régional en l’articulant davantage au développement local afin de réduire les inégalités sociales et spatiales. Les politiques d’appui aux Arrangements Productifs Locaux-APL font partie de cette stratégie, visant à augmenter la compétitivité des territoires en y stimulant l’organisation productive, l’innovation, le renforcement du capital social, et tout ce qui contribue à redynamiser l’identité régionale. De leur coté, les acteurs sociaux organisés revendiquent le droit de participer à l’instauration d’un modèle de développement propre à la région tout en insistant sur l’adoption de mesures fondées sur la notion de développement durable traduite par l’expression « Vivre avec le Semi-aride ». Une telle posture a comme base le renforcement de la production familiale, l’éducation adaptée à la réalité locale, l’organisation communautaire et les solutions hydrauliques décentralisées de faible gabarit. Parallèlement, le grand projet d’’intégration du São Francisco avec les bassins hydrographiques du Nordeste septentrional, si cher au président Lula, ouvre le débat sur l’usage efficace et durable des eaux du fleuve pour l’irrigation pérenne des zones semi-arides. Au sein des enjeux de ce processus de [re]construction identitaire, la vitiviniculture – héritière de la fruiticulture irriguée dans la Vallée du São Francisco - est prise comme un exemple symbolique d’un APL soutenu par les gouvernements fédéral et de l’Etat du Pernambouc. Cet APL exprime la dialectique entre modernité et tradition, global et local, puisque la production d’un vin tropical contribue à infléchir les identités avec des images de progrès et d’innovation, mais cela implique également des risques de valorisation différenciée des territoires. C’est pourquoi une telle métamorphose, en même temps qu’elle apporte du nouveau, a aussi tendance à relancer l’habituel comportement d’enrichissement individuel conduisant à la concentration des terres et de l’eau aux dépens des productions villageoise et familiale qui sont au coeur des identités collectives sertanejas. / The Semi-Arid Region of Brazilian Northeast have been constantly associated to the image of poverty, periodical dries, and undervelopment. Avoiding this label, public policies of today are carrying out a new approach articulating regional and local development in order to reduce social and regional inequalities. The Arranjos Produtivos Locais [Local Productive Agreements] APL Program is part of this strategy, attempting to make local enconomies and territories more dynamic and competitive, through the encouragement of productive organization, inovation and strenghtening of social capital. The social actors claim the right to participate in the implementation of a model of development tailored to the region and based on the notion of sustainable development, which can be found in the expression “Livelihood in the Semi-Arid”. Such position is based in the strenghtening of familiar production, an education adapted to the local conditions, community organization and tailored and decentralized hydraulic solutions. Concurrently, the great project of integrating the São Francisco River Basin with the northern basins, so desired by the Lula Government, ignites the debate over the efficient and sustainable use of water for the irrigation of semi-arid zones. The wine industry, an outgrow of the irrigated fruit production of the São Francisco Valley, presents itself as a excellent example of an APL, supported by the Federal and Pernambuco State Government. This APL express the relationship between modernisty and tradition, global and local since the production of a tropical wine help to transform local identities through the image of progress and innovation, which also involve the risk of different valorization of the territories. For this reason, this transformation, at the same time that innovates, reinforces the common habit of individual enrichment, leading to the concentration of land and water in a few hands, which, at the end, acts against the valorization of local and familiar production.

Les éco-matériaux présentent un certain nombre de caractéristiques intéressantes comparativement à des solutions techniques ou architecturales classiques. Les critères de différenciation utilisés étaient jusqu’alors souvent liés à la préservation de l’environnement et de la santé. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier les caractéristiques techniques, économiques et financières présentées par ces matériaux plus respectueux de l’environnement en regroupant des informations de référence sélectionnées au sein d’un référentiel proposé. La première partie de ce travail situe la thématique des éco-matériaux dans le contexte de la conception de bâtiments à qualité environnementale. Une deuxième partie précise la place des éco-matériaux au sein des systèmes de management de la qualité environnementale du bâti (SMQEB) internationaux et Européens. Le cahier des charges d’une méthode d’aide au choix d’éco-matériaux y est exposé. La troisième partie concerne la conception d’un outil d’aide à la prescription technique, économique et financière d’éco-matériaux. La dernière partie recentre sur un territoire d’étude la méthodologie élaborée et testée : la région Nord Pas de Calais. Un système constructif élaboré, un rampant de toiture, est utilisé comme base pour la comparaison d’un assemblage de solutions éco-construites et conventionnelles. Les critères techniques, économiques, financiers, environnementaux et de santé utilisés sont in fine traduits en ratio coûts / bénéfices / Eco-materials, have revealed a number of interesting characteristics compared with more traditional technical or architectural solutions. The criteria so far used to differentiate them were often related to the preservation of the environment or health. The main research objective has been to study the technical, economic and financial advantages of such more environmentally friendly materials by collecting selected referential information- assessment indicators and criteria- inside a proposed system of reference. The first part of my work has been devoted to identifying eco-materials in the broader context of the conception of high environmental quality buildings. The position of eco-materials in international and European Environmental Quality Management Systems for Buildings- SMQEB- has then been reviewed in a second part. The third part of this work has consisted in designing a technical, economic and financial prescription decision tool for eco –materials. In the final part, the main concern has been to implement this designed and tested methodology within the Nord Pas De Calais region. An elaborate construction system - a flat roof - has been selected to compare a set of eco-built solutions with more conventional ones. The technical, economic, financial, environmental and health criteria have in-fine been used in easily understood language: the cost/profit ratio

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T21:42:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zacarias Goncalves.pdf: 680123 bytes, checksum: 1c6cbee2ede37370825fa99764da4a1b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-09-25 / The case study in our research aims to analyze whether local productive systems are really involved in knowledge management practices or not. Our research was conducted at the Pólo Brasileiro de Coméstico Brazilian Cosmetics Cluster, a non-profit organization, which operates in conjunction with micro, small and medium businesses organized into manufacturers of cosmetics, providers of goods and services, suppliers of raw material, consultants, traders, customers and partners. Our case study relied on quantitative and qualitative resources, by using web-based electronic forms and observation techniques, from visits previously scheduled at the cluster. Our analysis counted on the literature about local productive systems; knowledge management; characteristics of the ABC Region and the city of Diadema (both in the Greater São Paulo); official data; government policies; and interviews with the cluster´s Board of Directors. Based on Terra (2005), seven dimensions (strategy and high management, information and communication systems, organizational culture, organization of labor processes, policies and practices for managing human resources and measurement of results) were used to evaluate whether the companies of the productive system are really engaged in knowledge management practices or not. Our results indicate the existence of knowledge management practices, with rates above the average, leading to the understanding that the cluster is in fact a business management process, which confirms its origin and development from the perspective of social exchange.(AU) / Esta pesquisa apresenta um estudo de caso cujo objetivo é analisar se arranjos produtivos locais realizam a prática da gestão do conhecimento. A pesquisa foi realizada junto ao Pólo Brasileiro de Cosmético em Diadema, organização sem fins lucrativos, que articula as ações de micro, pequenas e médias empresas organizadas em fabricantes de cosméticos, produtores de bens e serviços, fornecedores de matéria-prima, prestadores de consultoria, comercializadores, clientes e parceiros. Para atender ao objetivo proposto recorreu-se a recursos quantitativo e qualitativo, com a utilização de formulários eletrônicos estruturados, disponibilizados na internet e técnicas da observação participante, envolvendo visitas previamente agendadas ao Pólo de Cosmético. O material de análise utilizou a pesquisa bibliográfica sobre arranjo produtivo local e gestão do conhecimento, caracterização da região do grande ABC e da cidade de Diadema, dados oficiais, políticas governamentais e entrevistas com o corpo diretivo do Pólo. Foi aplicado o instrumento de Terra (2005) que a partir de sete dimensões (estratégia e alta administração, sistemas de informação e comunicação, cultura organizacional, organização e processos de trabalho, políticas e práticas para a administração de recursos humanos e mensuração de resultados), avaliou se as organizações do arranjo produtivo realizam a prática da gestão do conhecimento. Os resultados obtidos apontaram a existência de práticas de gestão do conhecimento, com índices acima da média, convergindo para o entendimento de que se trata de um processo de gestão empresarial, além de confirmar, a partir de um sistema de intercâmbio social a origem do Pólo e seu desenvolvimento.(AU)