The thesis presents an opportunity to study relationship between rapid rail transit system and urban development through measuring various changes caused by the rapid rail transit improvement in Washington, D.C., Beijing, China, and Vancouver, Canada. Due to the reason that the three systems are all well-planned systems, they are not only the important parts of urban public transit, but also tools for guiding urban and regional development. Three principal goals are identified for these systems: relieve traffic congestion; provide a transit alternative to the automobile drivers; and support a compact pattern of regional town centers out from an over-developed downtown area to form a polycentric urban pattern. The rapid rail transit is found to serve a majority of riders going to and from work. It attracts not only former auto drivers but also new riders from other modes due to the fact that the system is a time and cost-saving transportation tool for people. Joining other factors, rapid rail transit could shape land-use pattern, reduce decline of old downtown, and induce development. It influences society and economy positively in that region. Although there is no direct relation between the improvement and regional population growth, it influences the population re-distribution because it attracts new employment to its envelope and influence areas from other parts of the metropol is. A good transportation system in a metropolis should satisfy the variety of needs for mobility engendered by a very heterogeneous population. A system which mainly depends on automobiles cannot meet the needs. An rapid rail transit system could compensate for the insufficiency of automobile. As a critical and irreplaceable part of an urban transportation system, rapid rail transit plays an increasingly important role. / Master of Science

A robust algorithm has been developed to do data processing accurately, removing the need for a radio signal to be imbedded for locational accuracy. This, consequently eliminates the signposts installation and maintenance costs and worries. A sensitivity analysis of the algorithm using a real life data file revealed that the matching process change with changes in system parameters, adding credibility to the technique used for matching in the algorithm. Next, several new programs have been added to bring together a software package yielding management reports and plots. These reports and plots are tremendous decision aiding tools and since the programs are interactive, the package is easy to use. A user's manual has also been developed. Finally, an implementation of the Automated Data Acquisition System at TRT, Norfolk, is discussed. A systematic approach to the software development to meet the needs of the transit property has been conceptualized and specific software developed. A discussion of the details of this software development has been addressed, too. In essence, Automatic Data Acquisition systems research at Virginia Tech has now evolved to such a stage that with a little "tuning" of hardware & the associated software, a very powerful and versatile automated data collection and management aiding tool will be available for economical widespread implementation. / Master of Science

Automatic Passenger Counter (APC) systems can be very powerful tools for helping transit managers make important decisions about transit operations. Compared to the traditional method of manual data collection, they are a definite improvement. Not only can they collect data tirelessly for days at a time for far less cost, but they also provide very accurate information about the time and distance at which passenger activities occur. This information can be quickly processed into meaningful reports using specially developed software, reducing data turnaround time from months to minutes. This thesis describes the development and installation of an APC system for Valley Metro of Roanoke, Virginia. The research was carried out by the Departments of Civil and Electrical Engineering at Virginia Tech with funding provided by the Virginia Department of Highways and Transportation. The result is an integrated system of equipment, software, and operating techniques which will greatly improve the flow of information at Valley Metro, allowing management the time and resources to do more planning and less paperwork. The work is significant for the following reasons: The software is easy to learn and use and can be run on inexpensive personal computers. The project demonstrates that APC systems are feasible for small transit companies, and that accurate location referencing can be achieved without signposts. The system could be applied at other small transit companies with very little modification required. The following chapters describe the project, including the experiences (both good and bad) and insights gained along the way. / M.S.

Cheng Ho Kei Matthew. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 1997-98, design report." / Chapter PART I --- INTRODUCTION --- p.P.5 / Chapter - --- personal design objective --- p.P.6 / Chapter - --- the subject --- p.P.7 / Chapter - --- the clients & users --- p.P.8 / Chapter - --- the site & context --- p.P.8 / Chapter PART II --- PROJECT ANALYSIS --- p.P.10 / Chapter - --- subject analysis --- p.P.11 / Chapter - --- client / user. analysis --- p.P.18 / Chapter - --- site / context analysis --- p.P.25 / Chapter PART III --- PROJECT FORMATION --- p.P.32 / Chapter - --- mission --- p.P.33 / Chapter - --- design strategy --- p.P.34 / Chapter - --- design development --- p.P.36 / Chapter PART IV --- FINAL PROJECT --- p.P.45 / Chapter - --- final design --- p.P.46 / Chapter - --- conclusion --- p.P.58 / Chapter PART V --- FINAL PRESENTATION --- p.P.59 / Chapter - --- final presentation panels --- p.P.60 / APPENDIX --- p.P.61 / Chapter '-i. --- "/project planning, finance & fee estimations (12-1997)" --- p.P.62 / Chapter -ii. --- /programming report (12-1997) --- p.P.63

Chu Pak Lin, Parry. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2006-2007, design report." / Chapter 1.0 --- Thesis Statement / Chapter 2.0 --- Background Information / Chapter 3.0 --- Architectural Issues of MTR Station & Underground Space / Chapter 4.0 --- Research & Approaches / Chapter 5.0 --- Site Studies / Chapter 6.0 --- The Design

by Tse Kwong Keung. / Pages 52-56 and 74 in clear holder. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 99). / Questionnaries in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.ii / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.v / LIST OF APPENDICES --- p.vi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii / LIST OF EXHIBITS --- p.ix / PREFACE --- p.x / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Title of the Project --- p.1 / Terms of Reference --- p.1 / Objective --- p.2 / Chapter II. --- BACKGROUND --- p.4 / Overview of the Octopus System --- p.4 / Overview of the Octopus System Bus Equipment --- p.6 / Fare collection system on LRT Feeder and Auxiliary Bus Routes --- p.9 / Pre-Octopus Fare Collection System --- p.9 / New Fare Collection System with the Introduction of Octopus System --- p.10 / Implementation Measures --- p.11 / Implementation Measures to Prepare Passengers to Use Octopus System on Buses --- p.11 / Implementation measures - CSL --- p.11 / Implementation measures - LRT --- p.13 / Implementation Measures to Prepare Staff to Launch Octopus System on Buses --- p.14 / Chapter III. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.16 / Sources of Information --- p.16 / The Questionnaire Surveys --- p.17 / Questionnaire Survey for LRT Bus Passengers --- p.17 / Questionnaire Survey for LRT Bus Traffic Staff --- p.18 / Data Analysis Tools --- p.19 / Chapter IV. --- FINDINGS --- p.20 / Literature Review --- p.20 / The Systems Development Cycle --- p.20 / The Systems Development Cycle of Octopus System in LRT Buses --- p.24 / Systems Implementation Measures Getting People Ready to Use the New System --- p.25 / Measures of gaining acceptance by passengers and staff --- p.26 / Measures of obtaining passengers and staff performance --- p.29 / Education and training --- p.30 / Performance aids --- p.32 / Findings from Questionnaire Survey for LRT Bus Passengers --- p.33 / Demographic Profile --- p.33 / Effectiveness of Promotion Channels on Octopus Card to Passengers --- p.33 / Number of Trips on LRT Buses Per Week by Respondents --- p.34 / Fare Paying Methods of Respondents --- p.34 / Competence of Respondents in Using Octopus Card on Buses --- p.35 / Most Effective Methods to Educate Passengers on Octopus Card Usage --- p.36 / Findings from Questionnaire Survey for LRT Bus Traffic Staff --- p.36 / Demographic Profile --- p.36 / Personal Computer Experience Prior to Octopus Bus Equipment Training --- p.37 / Evaluation of DDU Operations Training Course --- p.37 / Staff Perceived Level of Competence to Operate the DDU During Octopus System Launching --- p.38 / Measures Proposed by Staff to Enhance Competence to Operate the DDU --- p.39 / Evaluation of BDC Operations Training Course --- p.39 / Staff Perceived Level of Competence to Operate the BDC During Octopus System Launching --- p.40 / Measures Proposed by Staff to Enhance Competence to Operate the BDC --- p.41 / Chapter V. --- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.42 / Strengths of Implementation Measures on Passengers --- p.42 / Weaknesses of Implementation Measures on Passengers --- p.43 / Recommendations of Implementation Measures on Customers --- p.44 / Strengths of Implementation Measures on Staff --- p.46 / Weaknesses of Implementation Measures on Staff --- p.47 / Recommendations of Implementation Measures on Staff --- p.48 / APPENDICES 1-11 --- p.50 / TABLES 1-18 --- p.75 / EXHIBITS 1-6 --- p.93 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.99

Lam Pui Wing Caspar. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2008-2009, design report." / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110). / Introduction / Preface --- p.2 / Table of Content --- p.4 / Research / Mobility Definition --- p.8 / Mobility & City --- p.10 / Mobility: Issues & Concerns --- p.13 / Methodological Research --- p.14 / Case Study 1 - Urban Design of Philadelphia --- p.16 / Case Study 2 - The McCormickTribune Campus Centre --- p.22 / Macau Lightrail: Background Research / Abstracted Renderings --- p.26 / Lightrail Scheme Development Process --- p.28 / Newspaper Cuttings --- p.30 / Mapping of Macau LRT: at PRD Scale --- p.34 / Mapping of Macau LRT: at City Scale --- p.36 / Zooming into the 23 Stations --- p.38 / Design Preliminary Stage / Site Study --- p.42 / Methodology Experiments --- p.52 / Schemetic Models --- p.54 / Proposed Circulation Pattern --- p.56 / Proposed Network of Open Spaces --- p.58 / Development Models --- p.60 / Presentation / Connection at Regional Scale --- p.64 / Connection at Local Scale --- p.72 / Connection at Architectural Scale --- p.88 / Appendix / Bibliography --- p.110 / Tickets --- p.112 / Panels --- p.114

This research attempted to uncover the sociopolitical ideologies, ethnic discrimination, and class oppression that create sustained social dominance through resource control in the unicorporated community of the Salton Sea located in Eastern Riverside County, California in regard to public transportation issues.

This thesis develops a framework for analyzing the application of commuter rail and bus services between several small urban centers to enhance overall connectivity. The study includes analyzing specific performance criteria for commuter rail service and express bus service based on data from existing systems around the U.S. The study then compares these findings to the theoretical performance of commuter rail and express bus service in the U.S. Highway 20 corridor from Corvallis, OR to Lebanon, OR via Albany, OR. The study concludes that commuter rail rated higher in six of eight analysis criteria and would be the preferred mode to bus service in terms of the performance criteria used in the study. Further cost and operational analysis is necessary to analyze implementation of future commuter rail or express bus service in the Mid-Willamette Valley in Oregon. / Graduation date: 2013

Submitted in fulfillment for the degree of Magister Technologiae: Civil Engineering: Civil Engineering and Surveying, Durban University of Technology. Durban. South Africa, 2015. / Invariably, a high percentage of the population of South Africa depends on public transport. In order to continue to satisfy commuters in terms of comfort, travel time, reliability of service and traffic congestion, there is a need to improve the efficiency of moving passengers to reduce travel time, delay time and number of stops. In the quest for advancement and improvement in public transport, many countries now embark on Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems based on the successful implementation of the system by cities like Curitiba (Brazil) and Bogota (Columbia). Government departments/transport authorities are often faced with the challenge of selecting the most suitable BRT system relative to the unique features of its transport demands and urban layout. Hence, this study proposes the determination of the most appropriate BRT system for the eThekwini Municipal Area (EMA). An in-depth literature review was conducted in order to determine the most adoptable BRT system amongst median, kerb side and segregated BRT systems, taking into consideration cost implications, safety of the passengers, pedestrian crossing, physically challenged commuters, vehicle option and manoeuvres. Physical assessment and critical review of the current operating BRT systems in Johannesburg, Cape Town and Port Elizabeth in South Africa was employed in this study as well as a critical comparison among these systems. The pros and cons of the three functional BRT systems in South Africa were stated and a way forward for EMA was recommended. Lastly, an assessment of the proposed BRT system in EMA was conducted on the existing Phase 1 and the remaining three phases. The review conducted was based on route inspection, access to property, factors considered in the selection of a BRT system, demand analyses of the routes and the evaluation of Johannesburg, Cape Town and Port Elizabeth BRT systems. Guidelines were also provided for the remaining proposed BRT routes which could be adopted by the eThekwini Transport Authority (ETA) in order to enhance a better performance in EMA over the three functional BRT systems in South Africa using the aforementioned criteria.