The real estate agent's main task is to be the intermediary actor between seller and buyer, to this task handling of practical elements such as contract writing, access and customer contact is added. These practical elements are usually handled at the real estate companies' offices, which are often located in different places in the cities. In Helsingborg, the business climate is among one of the foremost in the country, and in comparison with the average in Skåne and the country, the real estate industry is larger in Helsingborg. In addition, there are real estate companies scattered in different places in Helsingborg, whereupon the natural question becomes why? This study therefore aims to investigate the driving forces that may lie behind the localisation decision for the real estate companies in Helsingborg. The study has used a qualitative approach where the empirical material has been obtained through semi-structured interviews that have been transcribed and then summarized in the empirical section. The selection of respondents has been goal-oriented to cover the whole of Helsingborg and gain a broader perspective. The interview questions and the analysis are based on and have been formulated according to the theoretical material on which the study is based. The results of the study show that the main driving forces behind the localisation decision for the real estate companies in Helsingborg are accessibility and visibility towards their customers. / Fastighetsmäklarens huvudsakliga uppgift är att vara den förmedlande aktören mellan säljare och köpare, till denna uppgift tillkommer hantering av praktiska moment såsom bland annat kontraktsskrivningar, tillträden och kundkontakt. Dessa praktiska moment hanteras oftast på fastighetsmäklarföretagens kontor som ofta finns lokaliserade på olika platser i städerna. I Helsingborg är företagsklimatet bland ett av de främsta i landet och i jämförelse med snittet i Skåne och riket är branschen fastighetsverksamhet större i Helsingborg. Dessutom finns fastighetsmäklarföretagen utspridda på olika platser i Helsingborg, varpå den naturliga frågan blir varför? Denna studie syftar därav till undersöka vilka drivkrafter som kan ligga bakom lokaliseringsbeslutet för fastighetsmäklarföretagen i Helsingborg. Studien har nyttjat en kvalitativ ansats där det empiriska materialet har inhämtats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer som transkriberats för att sedan blivit sammanfattade i avsnittet empiri. Urvalet av respondenter har varit målstyrt för att täcka hela Helsingborg och få ett bredare perspektiv. Intervjufrågorna och analysen bygger på och har formulerats utefter det teoretiska material som ligger till grund för studien. Studiens resultat visar på att de främsta drivkrafterna bakom lokaliseringsbeslutet för fastighetsmäklarföretagen i Helsingborg är tillgänglighet och synlighet gentemot sina kunder

Neuropsychological toxicology investigates the impact of chemical exposure on the structure and functioning of the nervous system and by implication the neuropsychological performance of affected individuals. As in mainstream neuropsychology, brain damage is assessed by measuring changes in the cognitive, psychomotor and emotional domains using diagnostic neuropsychological tests. The field of neuropsychological toxicology has undergone significant growth in the last 20 years, amongst growing concerns over people’s potential everyday exposure to approximately 70 000 chemicals. Growing awareness of the possible dangers associated with neurotoxic exposure has lead to the increased regulation of exposure levels especially in industrial settings. This in turn has lead to a gradual shift in neuropsychological toxicology from the assessment of severe neurotoxic damage to the evaluation of subclinical signs, which may develop into disabling damage over many years of exposure. The assessment of these subclinical signs has proven to be tricky as they cannot always be measured through diagnostic tests and may be mimicked or hidden by numerous confounding variables. The need for the effective assessment of these subclinical signs has created a need for more sensitive tests and improved research methodology. This paper uses evidence from cellular pathology and anatomical pathology (dynamic brain localisation theory) as a guide for the selection of neuropsychological tests. The purpose of the paper is to review the neuropsychological outcomes of toxic exposure, with an emphasis on test sensitivity (screening) and specificity (diagnostic) to carbon disulphide (solvent), manganese (metal) and organophosphate (pesticide) exposure. Findings from this review point to the possible advantages of the continued use of standardised neuropsychological batteries that enable the assessment of global functions in addition to tests that measure deficits associated with the toxicodynamics of the neurotoxin under investigation. Methodological recommendations include the use of simultaneous cross-sectional and longitudinal designs to control for numerous confounding variables and correlation designs to determine dose-response relationships. Future studies need to address the sensitivity and specificity criteria of various neuropsychological measures utilising the principle of neurotoxicodynamics. / Dissertation (MA (Research Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Psychology / MA / unrestricted

This thesis extends a localisation theory for finite algebras to certain classes of infinite structures. Based on ideas and constructions originally stemming from Tame Congruence Theory, algebras are studied via local restrictions of their relational counterpart (Relational Structure Theory). In this respect, first those subsets are identified that are suitable for such a localisation process, i. e. that are compatible with the relational clone structure of the counterpart of an algebra. It is then studied which properties of the global algebra can be transferred to its localisations, called neighbourhoods. Thereafter, it is discussed how this process can be reversed, leading to the concept of covers. These are collections of neighbourhoods that allow information retrieval about the global structure from knowledge about the local restrictions. Subsequently, covers are characterised in terms of a decomposition equation, and connections to categorical equivalences of algebras are explored. In the second half of the thesis, a refinement concept for covers is introduced in order to find optimal, non-refinable covers, eventually leading to practical algorithms for their determination. Finally, the text establishes further theoretical foundations, e. g. several irreducibility notions, in order to ensure existence of non-refinable covers via an intrinsic characterisation, and to prove under some conditions that they are uniquely determined in a canonical sense. At last, the applicability of the developed techniques is demonstrated using two clear expository examples. / Diese Dissertation erweitert eine Lokalisierungstheorie für endliche Algebren auf gewisse Klassen unendlicher Strukturen. Basierend auf Ideen und Konstruktionen, die ursprünglich der Tame Congruence Theory entstammen, werden Algebren über lokale Einschränkungen ihres relationalen Gegenstücks untersucht (Relationale Strukturtheorie). In diesem Zusammenhang werden zunächst diejenigen Teilmengen identifiziert, welche für einen solchen Lokalisierungsprozeß geeignet sind, d. h., die mit der Relationenklonstruktur auf dem Gegenstück einer Algebra kompatibel sind. Es wird dann untersucht, welche Eigenschaften der globalen Algebra auf ihre Lokalisierungen, genannt Umgebungen, übertragen werden können. Nachfolgend wird diskutiert, wie dieser Vorgang umgekehrt werden kann, was zum Begriff der Überdeckungen führt. Dies sind Systeme von Umgebungen, welche die Rückgewinnung von Informationen über die globale Struktur aus Kenntnis ihrer lokalen Einschränkungen erlauben. Sodann werden Überdeckungen durch eine Zerlegungsgleichung charakterisiert und Bezüge zu kategoriellen Äquivalenzen von Algebren hergestellt. In der zweiten Hälfte der Arbeit wird ein Verfeinerungsbegriff für Überdeckungen eingeführt, um optimale, nichtverfeinerbare Überdeckungen zu finden, was letztlich zu praktischen Algorithmen zu ihrer Bestimmung führt. Schließlich erarbeitet der Text weitere theoretische Grundlagen, beispielsweise mehrere Irreduzibilitätsbegriffe, um die Existenz nichtverfeinerbarer Überdeckungen vermöge einer intrinsischen Charakterisierung sicherzustellen und, unter gewissen Bedingungen, zu beweisen, daß sie in kanonischer Weise eindeutig bestimmt sind. Schlußendlich wird die Anwendbarkeit der entwickelten Methoden an zwei übersichtlichen Beispielen demonstriert.

This thesis extends a localisation theory for finite algebras to certain classes of infinite structures. Based on ideas and constructions originally stemming from Tame Congruence Theory, algebras are studied via local restrictions of their relational counterpart (Relational Structure Theory). In this respect, first those subsets are identified that are suitable for such a localisation process, i. e. that are compatible with the relational clone structure of the counterpart of an algebra. It is then studied which properties of the global algebra can be transferred to its localisations, called neighbourhoods. Thereafter, it is discussed how this process can be reversed, leading to the concept of covers. These are collections of neighbourhoods that allow information retrieval about the global structure from knowledge about the local restrictions. Subsequently, covers are characterised in terms of a decomposition equation, and connections to categorical equivalences of algebras are explored. In the second half of the thesis, a refinement concept for covers is introduced in order to find optimal, non-refinable covers, eventually leading to practical algorithms for their determination. Finally, the text establishes further theoretical foundations, e. g. several irreducibility notions, in order to ensure existence of non-refinable covers via an intrinsic characterisation, and to prove under some conditions that they are uniquely determined in a canonical sense. At last, the applicability of the developed techniques is demonstrated using two clear expository examples.:1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries and Notation 2.1 Functions, operations and relations 2.2 Algebras and relational structures 2.3 Clones 3 Relational Structure Theory 3.1 Finding suitable subsets for localisation 3.2 Neighbourhoods 3.3 The restricted algebra A|U 3.4 Covers 3.5 Refinement 3.6 Irreducibility notions 3.7 Intrinsic description of non-refinable covers 3.8 Elaborated example 4 Problems and Prospects for Future Research Acknowledgements Index of Notation Index of Terms Bibliography / Diese Dissertation erweitert eine Lokalisierungstheorie für endliche Algebren auf gewisse Klassen unendlicher Strukturen. Basierend auf Ideen und Konstruktionen, die ursprünglich der Tame Congruence Theory entstammen, werden Algebren über lokale Einschränkungen ihres relationalen Gegenstücks untersucht (Relationale Strukturtheorie). In diesem Zusammenhang werden zunächst diejenigen Teilmengen identifiziert, welche für einen solchen Lokalisierungsprozeß geeignet sind, d. h., die mit der Relationenklonstruktur auf dem Gegenstück einer Algebra kompatibel sind. Es wird dann untersucht, welche Eigenschaften der globalen Algebra auf ihre Lokalisierungen, genannt Umgebungen, übertragen werden können. Nachfolgend wird diskutiert, wie dieser Vorgang umgekehrt werden kann, was zum Begriff der Überdeckungen führt. Dies sind Systeme von Umgebungen, welche die Rückgewinnung von Informationen über die globale Struktur aus Kenntnis ihrer lokalen Einschränkungen erlauben. Sodann werden Überdeckungen durch eine Zerlegungsgleichung charakterisiert und Bezüge zu kategoriellen Äquivalenzen von Algebren hergestellt. In der zweiten Hälfte der Arbeit wird ein Verfeinerungsbegriff für Überdeckungen eingeführt, um optimale, nichtverfeinerbare Überdeckungen zu finden, was letztlich zu praktischen Algorithmen zu ihrer Bestimmung führt. Schließlich erarbeitet der Text weitere theoretische Grundlagen, beispielsweise mehrere Irreduzibilitätsbegriffe, um die Existenz nichtverfeinerbarer Überdeckungen vermöge einer intrinsischen Charakterisierung sicherzustellen und, unter gewissen Bedingungen, zu beweisen, daß sie in kanonischer Weise eindeutig bestimmt sind. Schlußendlich wird die Anwendbarkeit der entwickelten Methoden an zwei übersichtlichen Beispielen demonstriert.:1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries and Notation 2.1 Functions, operations and relations 2.2 Algebras and relational structures 2.3 Clones 3 Relational Structure Theory 3.1 Finding suitable subsets for localisation 3.2 Neighbourhoods 3.3 The restricted algebra A|U 3.4 Covers 3.5 Refinement 3.6 Irreducibility notions 3.7 Intrinsic description of non-refinable covers 3.8 Elaborated example 4 Problems and Prospects for Future Research Acknowledgements Index of Notation Index of Terms Bibliography