A low-loaded constructed wetland was investigated with respect to phosphorus retention. Since the main long-term phosphorus retention mechanism is sedimentation and sediment accretion, the study focused on these processes. The purpose of the study was 1) to investigate how the calculated value of phosphorus retention (Pin – Pout), corresponded with the measured amount of phosphorus in the sediment, 2) to find out where in the wetland the phosphorus had accumulated, and in what form it was retained, and 3) to investigate the role of vegetation. The calculated value was 12 kg ha-1 and the measured value was 104 kg ha-1, which indicated the importance of internal phosphorus circulation, where plants probably take phosphorus from the underlying clay. Hence, vegetation could possibly increase the total phosphorus content in the wetland. The composition of phosphorus in the sediment was analysed using sequential fractionation. The dominating form of phosphorus in the sediment was iron-bound phosphorus (29 %). In total, 48 % of the phosphorus was stable, i.e. tightly bound in the sediment, and 35 % was relatively stable. The bioavailable fraction, which could cause eutrophication in downstream waters, was 17 % of the total phosphorus content, or 41 kg ha-1. The amount of total phosphorus was significantly higher near the inlet, compared to the outlet, which is explained by rapid sedimentation of particulate phosphorus entering the wetland. The phosphorus amount near the inlet represented 80 % of the total phosphorus load – which indicates the importance of internal circulation of phosphorus, both biological and geochemical.

<p> </p><div><table style="height: 340px;" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="639" align="left"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 0cm 7.1pt;" height="289" align="left" valign="top"><div style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 1pt;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="border: medium none; padding: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="EN-GB">A low-loaded constructed wetland was investigated with respect to phosphorus retention. Since the main long-term phosphorus retention mechanism is sedimentation and sediment accretion, the study focused on these processes. The purpose of the study was 1) to investigate how the calculated value of phosphorus retention (P_in – P_out), corresponded with the measured amount of phosphorus in the sediment, 2) to find out where in the wetland the phosphorus had accumulated, and in what form it was retained, and 3) to investigate the role of vegetation. The calculated value was 12 kg ha^-1 and the measured value was 104 kg ha^-1, which indicated the importance of internal phosphorus circulation, where plants probably take phosphorus from the underlying clay. Hence, vegetation could possibly increase the total phosphorus content in the wetland. The composition of phosphorus in the sediment was analysed using sequential fractionation. The dominating form of phosphorus in the sediment was iron-bound phosphorus (29 %). In total, 48 % of the phosphorus was stable, i.e. tightly bound in the sediment, and 35 % was relatively stable. The bioavailable fraction, which could cause eutrophication in downstream waters, was 17 % of the total phosphorus content, or 41 kg ha^-1. The amount of total phosphorus was significantly higher near the inlet, compared to the outlet, which is explained by rapid sedimentation of particulate phosphorus entering the wetland. The phosphorus amount near the inlet represented 80 % of the total phosphorus load – which indicates the importance of internal circulation of phosphorus, both biological and geochemical. </span></p></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

This paper investigates if the social aspects of playing with friends and participate in clans can increase long-term retention for mobile games. Specifically for the game Edge of Combat developed by the company Level Eight. To gain knowledge about how the players and industry perceive these features, a background study was conducted. The study reveals that playing with friends increases long-term retention in mobile games. It also indicates that participating in clans increases long-term retention but the evidence is not that strong. The next phase of the project indicates that playing with friends also increases long-term retention in Edge of Combat. Finally, participating in clans were investigated more thoroughly. The industry is very positive towards clans but that does not seem to reflect the player’s opinions about clans. Because of this the research question ”Can clan participation increase long-term retention in mobile games?” can not be confirmed. That clan participation could increase long-term retention in Edge of Combat could not be confirmed either. However, to be certain of this more research is needed on clans in mobile games taking into account the demographics of the participants in the project.

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Igenkänning av ansikten har främst undersökts i form av korttidsretention. Via sådan forskning har det kunnat påvisas att människor generellt har en bättre förmåga till igenkänning av ansikten jämfört med visuella stimulus av liknande komplexitet. Det har även påvisats effekter av extraversion och kön på förmågan att känna igen ansikten. Denna studie undersökte långtidsretention av ansikten och detta i relation till extraversion och kön. Utöver detta undersökte studien relationen mellan igenkänning av ansikten och annat visuellt stimulus (hundar). Detta studerades genom en experimentell inomgruppsdesign där deltagarna utförde ett datorbaserat igenkänningstest direkt och 24 timmar efter inlärning. Extraversion mättes med självskattningsformuläret Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI R). Studien inkluderade 51 deltagare (31 kvinnor, 19 män, en icke-binär, M = 27.69 år). Resultaten visade en fördel för igenkänning av ansikten, men kunde inte påvisa någon skillnad i nedgång stimulusen emellan. Vidare visade resultaten en signifikant stimulus × kön interaktion, där kvinnor presterade bättre än män på igenkänning av ansikten men inte på igenkänning av hundar. En effekt av extraversion hittades enbart i extremgrupperna på kontinuumet extraversion. Slutligen visade studien att det inte fanns något signifikant samband mellan prestation på igenkänning av hundar och ansikten vid det första testtillfället. I studien diskuteras implikationerna ett holistiskt processande verkar ha på inlärning men inte på minneskonsolidering över tid. Studien belyser också brister i tidigare studier som undersökt extraversion i relation till ansiktsigenkänning och fördjupar sig i eventuella orsaker till uppmätta könsskillnader. / Face-recognition has foremost been studied with a focus on short-term retention. This research has concluded that in general people are a better in recognizing faces in comparison to recognition of stimuli with matching complexity. Studies have also shown that extraversion and sex affect face-recognition ability. This study investigated long-term memory retention of faces in relation to extraversion and sex. In addition, this study explored the relationship between recognition of faces, and another visual stimulus (dogs). This was conducted by using an experimental within-subjects-design in which the participants performed a computer-based recognition-test both immediately after the study phase, as well as 24 hours later. Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI R) was used to measure extraversion. The study had 51 participants (31 women, 19 men, one non-binary, M = 27.69 years). The results showed an advantage in recognition of faces but failed to show a difference in decline between stimuli. There was a stimulus × sex interaction, where women showed an advantage compared to men in recognition of faces but not regarding recognition of dogs. Extraversion was shown to have an effect on the performance only when the most and least extraverted was compared. Finally, there was no relationship between face-recognition and recognition of dogs in the short-term retention test. The study highlights shortcomings in earlier studies investigating extraversion in relation to face recognition and discusses possible reasons for the obtained sex differences. The study also discusses whether holistic processing is implicated in learning, but not with respect to long-term memory consolidation.