Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS) / Malnutrition is a big public health concern in Malawi. Almost 40% of under-five children in Malawi suffer from malnutrition. Children born to poor mothers with low education levels have higher chances of being malnourished. Great disparities are also seen between children born in rural areas and those born in cities and towns. This research examines the linkages between mothers’ education attainment and child malnutrition. The Capability Approach and the UNICEF Conceptual Framework on child malnutrition was used in ascertaining how education affects mother’s choices and practices on child’s health and nutrition. The Explanatory Sequential Mixed Method Design was used. Combining elements of Qualitative and Quantitative research methods to provide depth and breadth of how mother’s education affects child’s health and nutrition. Findings from the Quantitative analysis of the 2015-2016 Malawi Demographic and Health Surveys data on child malnutrition and women’s education, informed the qualitative approach. The results guided in purposively sampling participants for the Qualitative research. Stata 14 was used to analyse quantitative data. Themes were drawn from the qualitative data and an analysis of the recurring themes was done using Atlas.ti 8. The study found that there is an association between mother’s education and child health. Children born to mothers with secondary and higher education qualification have lower odds of malnutrition and poor health. Inadequate knowledge on nutrition, food and nutrition insecurity, poverty and low welfare status of mothers with low education levels are contributing factors to high incidences of malnutrition among their children. Malawi needs to invest in girl’s education; particularly in rural areas where many girls do not transition to secondary school.

Syftet med denna studie är att förstå äldre långtidsarbetslösas situation utifrån deras upplevelser av arbetslöshet och hur detta påverkar hur de konstruerar sin identitet. Studien fokuserar på personer i åldersgruppen 50-64 år som har varit arbetslösa i sex månader eller längre och som är lågutbildade. En kvalitativ metod har använts och datamaterialet för studien samlades in genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer med sju individer. Resultatet analyserades med hjälp av Pierre Bourdieus teoretiska begrepp fält, habitus och symboliskt kapital. Studien visar bland annat att arbete är väldigt viktigt för respondenterna och inte främst av ekonomiska aspekter utan av sociala aspekter. Vidare visar resultatet att respondenterna hade olika strategier för att hantera långtidsarbetslöshet. Den mest framträdande strategin var att skapa en liknande struktur i deras vardag som de hade när de arbetade. Respondenterna ser också sig själva i de yrken som de arbetade inom innan de blev arbetslösa och de har svårigheter att söka arbeten i andra fält av arbetsmarknaden. / The aim of this study is to understand elderly long-term unemployed situation by their experiences of unemployment and how this affect how they construct their identity. The study focuses on people in the age group 50-64 which been out of work for sex months or longer and have a low education. A qualitative method was used and the data for the study was collected by semi-structured interviews with seven individuals. The result was analyzed using Pierre Bourdieus theoretical terms field, habitus and symbolic capital. The study shows, among other things, that work is really important for the respondents and it’s not primary because of the economic part but the social part. Furthermore the results showed that the respondents had different strategies to cope with long-term unemployment. The most prominent strategy was to create a similar structure in their weekday as they had when they were working. The respondents also see themselves as their old profession instead of being unemployed and have difficulties to search work in other fields of the labour market.

Submitted by Rafael Santana (rafael.silvasantana@ufpe.br) on 2017-08-01T18:18:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) COLACAO - ANA LUISA.pdf: 1209695 bytes, checksum: 184cdc9986f800f5bdad5b9a826ae11f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-01T18:18:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) COLACAO - ANA LUISA.pdf: 1209695 bytes, checksum: 184cdc9986f800f5bdad5b9a826ae11f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-09-14 / OBJETIVO: Investigar uma possível associação entre nível de escolaridade e o risco de Desenvolver a Demência de Alzheimer (DA) clinicamente diagnosticada. MÉTODOS: Estudo tipo caso-controle retrospectivo. Foram obtidos dados referentes a 53 pacientes idosos (acima de 60 anos), que preencheram critérios para a DA clinicamente diagnosticada de três ambulatórios do serviço de saúde pública: Núcleo de Apoio ao Idoso (NAI)-UFPE; Ambulatório de Neurologia Cognitiva do Comportamento (ANCC) e Centro de Referência de Atendimento à Saúde do Idoso (CRASI) do hospital Universitário Osvaldo Cruz – UPE. No grupo controle foram averiguados 55 idosos (acima de 60 anos), 40 destes alunos da Universidade Aberta a Terceira Idade (UnATI)- UFPE; seis eram pacientes da policlínica Lessa de Andrade (SUS), e 9 eram pacientes dos Ambulatórios de Urologia e Oftalmologia do Hospital das Clínicas (HC) –UFPE. Os dados foram coletados através de um protocolo de pesquisa contendo Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE), Questionário Sócio – Clínico- Demográfico e o Mini-Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM). RESULTADOS: Os grupos sob estudo foram pareados por idade e gênero. Variáveis como religião, estado civil, fumo e histórico de traumatismo crânio-encefálico (TCE) não mostraram diferenças na distribuição entre os grupos. Diferenças significativas foram observadas entre os dois grupos com relação as variáveis Profissão (P= 0,043 e OR= 1,32 [0,95-5,76]) e Escolaridade (P= 0,001 e OR= 3,00 [1,67- 10,05]). CONCLUSÃO: Na amostra estudada a baixa escolaridade e Profissões com demandas físicas mostraram-se como fatores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento da demência de Alzheimer. / OBJECTIVE: Investigating a possible association between education level and the risk to clinically develop diagnosed Alzheimer Disease (AD). METHODS: retrospective control- case type study. Some data were collected referring to 53 aged patients (over 60), that fulfilled the criteria related to clinically diagnosed DA of three ambulatories of public health services: Nucleus of Supporting to the Aged (NAI_UFPE: Ambulatory of Behavior Cognitive Neurology (ANCC) and Attendance Reference Center to the aged health. (CRASH) of Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz- UPE .In the control group 55 aged (over 60) were observed, 40 of them were from Universddade Aberta (Open University) and Third Age (Un ATI /UFPE; six of them were Lessa de Adrade polyclinic patients (SUS), and nine belonged to the Ambulatory of Urology And Ophthalmology of the Hospital das Clínicas (HC) – UFPE.The. Data were collected through research protocol including a Free and Clear Consent Term (TCLE). Socio-Clinic Demographic Questionnaire and the Mini-Exam of Mental State (MEEM).RESULTS: the groups submitted to study were classified according to age and gender. Variables such as religion, civil status, smoking, and history of brain-encephalon damage (TCE) do not featured differences in the distribution between the groups. However, relevantl differences were observed between the two groups in relation to the variables Profession (P= 0,043 and OR == 1,32 [0,95-5,76] and Education (P= 0,001 and OR= 3,00 [1,67- 10,05]. CONCLUSION: Considering the sample tat was studied the low education and Professions linked to physical demands were presented as risk factors associated with the development of Alzheimer Disease.

O presente trabalho investigou a relação entre a baixa escolaridade e a prática de atos infracionais, procurando entender alguns fatores associados ao fracasso escolar de adolescentes que passaram pela Vara da Infância e da Juventude de Duque de Caxias. Em especial, buscou entender o fenômeno da exclusão social como elemento relevante relacionado ao tema fracasso escolar: em que medida é possível afirmar que a baixa escolaridade coloca estes adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade em relação a práticas ilícitas? Os dados da pesquisa foram obtidos por meio de um questionário e de entrevistas aplicados aos adolescentes infratores seus responsáveis. No total, a pesquisa trabalhou com as respostas de 262 adolescentes infratores que tiveram passagem pela Justiça Infanto-Juvenil de Duque de Caxias, no período compreendido entre maio de 2006 e maio de 2008. Esta pesquisa teve por base principal as idéias de Maria Helena Patto, a respeito da construção do fracasso escolar; Miriam Abramovay, com sua contribuição sobre vulnerabilidade social; Aldaíza Spozati e Miguel Arroyo, que alertam para as questões relacionadas ao acesso, permanência, sucesso e não-fracasso na escola; Alex Eduardo Gallo e Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque Williams, a respeito do perfil dos adolescentes infratores. A pesquisa revelou que a baixa escolaridade coloca os adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade social e que a escola pode ser um fator de proteção à criminalidade. / This paper aims to investigate the relationship between low education and the practice of illegal acts, trying to understand the factors that determine school failure of some adolescents, such as social and educational inequalities, and to what extent it can be said that the low level of education puts these adolescents in situations of vulnerability relating to malpractice. It was sought to understand the phenomenon of social exclusion as an important issue related to school failure. The theoretical information were compared with data obtained by the results of applying a semi-structured questionnaire, which was applied to 262 juvenile delinquents who passed by Children and Youth Justice in Duque de Caxias, in the period between May 2006 and May 2008. This research was based on the main ideas of Helena Maria Patto, regarding the construction of school failure; Miriam Abramovay, with its contribution on social vulnerability; Aldaíza Spozati and Miguel Arroyo, with a warning about issues related to access, retention, success and non-failure, Alex Eduardo Gallo and Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque Williams, about the profile of juvenile delinquents. The survey showed that poor education puts teenagers in situations of social vulnerability and the school can be a protective factor against crime.

O presente trabalho investigou a relação entre a baixa escolaridade e a prática de atos infracionais, procurando entender alguns fatores associados ao fracasso escolar de adolescentes que passaram pela Vara da Infância e da Juventude de Duque de Caxias. Em especial, buscou entender o fenômeno da exclusão social como elemento relevante relacionado ao tema fracasso escolar: em que medida é possível afirmar que a baixa escolaridade coloca estes adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade em relação a práticas ilícitas? Os dados da pesquisa foram obtidos por meio de um questionário e de entrevistas aplicados aos adolescentes infratores seus responsáveis. No total, a pesquisa trabalhou com as respostas de 262 adolescentes infratores que tiveram passagem pela Justiça Infanto-Juvenil de Duque de Caxias, no período compreendido entre maio de 2006 e maio de 2008. Esta pesquisa teve por base principal as idéias de Maria Helena Patto, a respeito da construção do fracasso escolar; Miriam Abramovay, com sua contribuição sobre vulnerabilidade social; Aldaíza Spozati e Miguel Arroyo, que alertam para as questões relacionadas ao acesso, permanência, sucesso e não-fracasso na escola; Alex Eduardo Gallo e Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque Williams, a respeito do perfil dos adolescentes infratores. A pesquisa revelou que a baixa escolaridade coloca os adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade social e que a escola pode ser um fator de proteção à criminalidade. / This paper aims to investigate the relationship between low education and the practice of illegal acts, trying to understand the factors that determine school failure of some adolescents, such as social and educational inequalities, and to what extent it can be said that the low level of education puts these adolescents in situations of vulnerability relating to malpractice. It was sought to understand the phenomenon of social exclusion as an important issue related to school failure. The theoretical information were compared with data obtained by the results of applying a semi-structured questionnaire, which was applied to 262 juvenile delinquents who passed by Children and Youth Justice in Duque de Caxias, in the period between May 2006 and May 2008. This research was based on the main ideas of Helena Maria Patto, regarding the construction of school failure; Miriam Abramovay, with its contribution on social vulnerability; Aldaíza Spozati and Miguel Arroyo, with a warning about issues related to access, retention, success and non-failure, Alex Eduardo Gallo and Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque Williams, about the profile of juvenile delinquents. The survey showed that poor education puts teenagers in situations of social vulnerability and the school can be a protective factor against crime.

The diploma thesis deals with educationally disadvantaged student at public universities in Czechia. Thesis presumes the existence of educational inequality in Czech educational system and the effect of disadvantages based on attained education level of student's parents. These inequalities hadn't significantly changed even after the massification of tertiary education sector. The population of educationally disadvantaged in the thesis is equivalent to first generation student population, meaning the families with unattained tertiary education level. The main objective is to find out designs of policies targeting this group and to explore perception of the population. To achieve the goal, the thesis is using social construction of target framework. In this way, designs of applied policies are analyzed and the social construction of the target population is defined. The thesis uses qualitative research methods, using thematic document analysis of annual reports and long-term plans of all public universities and then uses the academic senate reports and semi-structured interviews with universities' representatives with selection of cases regarding the first analysis findings. The results show that educationally disadvantaged population remains undefined and there is a general lack of relevant...

This thesis focuses on the low employment of low-educated mothers after maternity leave, which accumulate disadvantages in the form of motherhood and lack of education. I assume that low-educated mothers face special challenges that other groups of mothers do not. These issues cause barriers to returning to the labor market and are the cause of high unemployment of these mothers. In this work I conducted qualitative research - interviews with mothers and street-level bureaucrats. I found that the main problem is that mothers work in the secondary labor market, which are often found working in shifts. Shift work does not allow them to balance work life with institutional childcare. These mothers have low human capital, resulting in difficult negotiations with employers - so often unable to enforce their claims and rights and become unemployed. In this thesis I have identified external and internal causes of unemployment among low-educated mothers and their impacts. I also found out that the labour office is providing quality services differently because of insufficient resources.