As quickly as individuals engage in new ways to share personal information online, their concerns over privacy are increasing. Online engagement is not just “to share or not to share,” but a continuum of the disclosure. To remain engaged online and to avoid privacy exposure, individuals sometimes omit or provide inaccurate information. This process is defined as online equivocation. Drawing on privacy calculus research, this study investigates how individuals use online equivocation to lower privacy concerns in mobile computing, essentially reducing the costs of online disclosure. Several studies are used to explain and analyze online equivocation and draw out the implications for theory, firms, society, and individuals. To achieve this a qualitative questionnaire was distributed among 547 individuals across the United States asking subjects to report whether they had provided inaccurate data online in privacy-concerned situations and to detail the various strategies used. The results indicate that online equivocation can be categorized into five distinct strategies organized on a continuum of level of effort: omission, abbreviation, substitution, combined substitution, and alternative persona. A follow-up questionnaire was completed with 582 respondents that showed individuals use one more online equivocation strategy in the majority of personal information sharing. This result provides a framework for further study of online equivocation. A third and final survey tested a new conceptual model constructed from the results of the previous questionnaires to examine the effects of online equivocation on privacy concerns, collecting 2,947 responses. The final survey analysis found that individuals employed online equivocation strategies to help reduce privacy concerns in mobile computing and contributed to privacy calculus theory, contending that individuals will make a cost-benefit analysis regarding whether to disclose inaccurate personal information to reduce privacy concerns. However, the research shows that the behavior of online equivocation positively effects mobile privacy concerns, implying that the more that individuals online equivocate, the more likely they are to be concerned about privacy. Overall, the study shows that online equivocation is a fairly common strategy, leading to high percentages of inaccurate data collected by businesses. Inaccurate personal information from consumers can misinform companies and lead to incorrect business decisions, affecting the nature of the products or services offered. Firms aiming to compete online depend on the quality of the information they collect from consumers and may view understanding this phenomenon as strategically crucial to competitiveness. / Business Administration/Strategic Management

Children's response to a resistance-to-temptation (RTT) task was investigated under three punishment threat conditions: negative consequence, removing an anticipated reward, and no explicit punishment. Ninety first and second graders participated in the RTT task and seventy-three parents completed the Behavior Assessment System for Children and the Psychopathy Screening Device. As only 4% of children transgressed, results are unclear. Hypotheses tested using approximations of transgression showed no differences in RTT. Children with temperaments characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, attention problems, and conduct problems (HIA-CP) had the highest levels of psychopathic traits compared to all others. In addition, spanked children were rated as having significantly more behavioral problems than non-spanked children. Limitations of the current study and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:21:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nicolau Chaud de Castro Quinta.pdf: 3033027 bytes, checksum: 91e3771d5175ceeb2dcee469694dadce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-26 / As a subdomain in the study of deception, lie detection deals with the investigation of variables that control changes on the behavior of senders while they tell lies (deception cues), and with the conditions under which detectors are capable of correctly identifying such cues. The present study investigated the effect of punishment of lying on deception cues, and assessed the judgment of detectors about these senders speeches. In Study 1, ten undergraduate students took the role of salespeople in a used mobile phone store, and had to convince the clients (confederates) to buy those phones. In some of the trials they had to sell known phones (truth condition) and, at others, unknown phones (lie condition) according to previous training. Punishment was configured by the complaint from a deceived client after the purchase of a phone sold in a lie trial. The categorization of these participants behavior didn t show any significant differences between honest and deceptive messages, and didn t reveal punishment effects. In Study 2, 181 participants made judgments about the messages from Study 1 s senders in one of two detection conditions. In the Direct Detection condition, they made dichotomic judgments rating each message as a truth or a lie. In the Indirect Detection condition, they rated the senders behavior in three scales. Data from Study 2 showed that detectors were able to distinguish truths from lies in both conditions, although they did not differentially judge prepunishment from post-punishment messages. Results were discussed considering methodological issues on the creation of scenarios for the investigation of lying behavior, and the need for configuration adjustments for the punishing event was raised for a clearer establishment of relations between deception cues and aversive contingencies. / Como subdomínio do estudo da mentira, a detecção de mentiras trata da investigação de variáveis que controlam alterações no comportamento de emissores enquanto contam mentiras (sinais de mentira) e das condições sob as quais detectores são capazes de identificar corretamente tais alterações. O presente trabalho investigou o efeito da punição do mentir sobre os sinais de mentira e avaliou o julgamento de detectores a respeito das falas destes emissores. No Estudo 1, dez estudantes universitários assumiram o papel de vendedores em uma simulação de loja de aparelhos celulares usados e deveriam convencer clientes (confederados) a comprar os aparelhos. Em algumas das tentativas, deveriam vender aparelhos conhecidos (condição verdade) e, em outras, aparelhos desconhecidos (condição mentira) de acordo com treinamento anterior. A punição se configurou pela interpelação por um cliente lesado após a compra de um aparelho vendido na condição mentira. A categorização dos comportamentos destes participantes não apontou diferenças significativas entre falas sinceras e mentirosas e não revelou efeitos da punição. No Estudo 2, 181 participantes realizaram julgamentos sobre as falas dos participantes do primeiro estudo em uma dentre duas condições de detecção. Na condição Detecção Direta, fizeram julgamentos dicotômicos avaliando cada fala como verdade ou mentira. Na condição Detecção Indireta, avaliaram o comportamento dos vendedores em três escalas. Os dados do Estudo 2 mostraram que detectores foram capazes de distinguir entre verdades e mentiras nas duas condições, embora não tenham julgado diferencialmente falas anteriores e posteriores à punição. Os resultados foram discutidos considerando-se questões metodológicas na criação de um cenário para investigação do comportamento de mentir, e levantou-se a necessidade de ajustes na configuração do evento punitivo para o estabelecimento mais claro de relações entre contingências aversivas e sinais de mentira.

Deception is not only part of daily life for adults, but it is also part of typical development throughout childhood. Research has shown that the ability to deceive improves with age and has been found to be related to the development of cognitive skills such as executive functioning processes, theory of mind, and intelligence. However for some children, lie-telling becomes problematic and atypical. For children with conduct problems, deception is one of the most common presenting symptoms and has been found to be pervasive across childhood and into adolescence. While most studies analyze the lying behaviours of these children based on parent and teacher reports, no studies have yet empirically evaluated the actual deceptive behaviours of children with severe conduct problems. The current study investigated the antisocial and prosocial deception rates and abilities of children with and without severe conduct problems. Additionally, cognitive measures and parental reports of lying and parenting styles were considered in order to determine how such variables may be related to deception. A total of 66 children participated in the current study with half of the sample originating from a community agency for children with behaviour problems and the other half consisting of an age- and gender-matched control sample. Results demonstrated that compared to their typically developing counterparts, children with conduct problems were more likely to behave antisocially by committing antisocial transgressions, and subsequently lying. These children were also less likely to tell prosocial lies. Consistent with previous research, many cognitive measures, such as Executive Functioning (e.g., inhibition) and Theory of Mind (1st and 2nd Order) were found to be related to deception for the typically developing sample, though fewer and different cognitive measures were found to be predictive of deception within the clinical sample. Parent ratings of lie-telling frequency were not predictive of antisocial or prosocial deception, though they were predictive of antisocial lie-telling sophistication. Parenting styles were minimally predictive of deception. Results suggest that the mechanisms used by children with conduct problems during deception differ from a typically developing sample. Limitations as well as implications are discussed.

Deception is not only part of daily life for adults, but it is also part of typical development throughout childhood. Research has shown that the ability to deceive improves with age and has been found to be related to the development of cognitive skills such as executive functioning processes, theory of mind, and intelligence. However for some children, lie-telling becomes problematic and atypical. For children with conduct problems, deception is one of the most common presenting symptoms and has been found to be pervasive across childhood and into adolescence. While most studies analyze the lying behaviours of these children based on parent and teacher reports, no studies have yet empirically evaluated the actual deceptive behaviours of children with severe conduct problems. The current study investigated the antisocial and prosocial deception rates and abilities of children with and without severe conduct problems. Additionally, cognitive measures and parental reports of lying and parenting styles were considered in order to determine how such variables may be related to deception. A total of 66 children participated in the current study with half of the sample originating from a community agency for children with behaviour problems and the other half consisting of an age- and gender-matched control sample. Results demonstrated that compared to their typically developing counterparts, children with conduct problems were more likely to behave antisocially by committing antisocial transgressions, and subsequently lying. These children were also less likely to tell prosocial lies. Consistent with previous research, many cognitive measures, such as Executive Functioning (e.g., inhibition) and Theory of Mind (1st and 2nd Order) were found to be related to deception for the typically developing sample, though fewer and different cognitive measures were found to be predictive of deception within the clinical sample. Parent ratings of lie-telling frequency were not predictive of antisocial or prosocial deception, though they were predictive of antisocial lie-telling sophistication. Parenting styles were minimally predictive of deception. Results suggest that the mechanisms used by children with conduct problems during deception differ from a typically developing sample. Limitations as well as implications are discussed.

The objectives of this research were to compare lying time, milk yield, rumination time, hock score, stall cleanliness, and stall temperature for 97 cows (Holsteins (n = 71), Jerseys (n = 10), and crossbreds (n = 16)) housed on Dual Chamber Cow Waterbeds™ (DCCW, Advanced Comfort Technology, Reedsburg, WI) or conventional rubber mattresses (MAT). This study was conducted at the University of Kentucky Coldstream Research Dairy Farm from January 18, 2012 to May 3, 2013. Lying times were longer (P < 0.01) for cows housed on the DCCW (10:32 ± 0:13) compared to cows housed on the MAT (9:47 ± 0:15). Milk yield was not different (P ≥ 0.05) between cows housed on the DCCW or MAT. Rumination times were greater (P = 0.03) for cows housed on MAT (6:44 ± 0:08) compared to cows housed on DCCW (6:29 ± 0:08). Hock scores were lesser (P = 0.02) for cows housed on DCCW (1.86 ± 0.03) compared to cows housed on MAT (1.97 ± 0.04). Stall cleanliness was not different (P ≥ 0.05) between the DCCW and the MAT. The DCCW stall temperature was warmer (P < 0.01) (13.29 ± 0.21 ⁰C) than the MAT (10.52 ± 0.21 ⁰C).

In this work we have investigated the electronic properties of several types of molecular systems involving a metallic element. Our motivation for such applications on metallic compounds was to obtain an accurate description of close lying electronic states, in which the relativistic effects of heavy atoms are known to be important. Thus various approaches and methods have been employed to treat these effects, including the multi-configurational method, with atomic pseudopotentials and large basis sets. In the first study, we have determined the properties of the low lying electronic states of the diatomic compounds MX, whose combinations in the solid phase produce ionic semi-conductor materials with piezoelectric properties. Based on highly correlated ab initio calculations, we have elucidated the common properties of the low lying electronic states of these diatomic compounds with eight valence electrons, which can be considered as precursors for piezoelectric effects in their solid phase. Based on our electronic structure calculations, we could identify among these diatomic compounds those who could lead to good candidates for piezoelectric effects. As the second application, we have determined the electronic structure and the spectroscopic constants for the ground state of the HZnF molecule and for the low lying electronic states of its diatomic fragments. This application was initiated and motivated by interesting and puzzling results on the close system HZnCl. Comforted by our experience with the previous studies, we used the pseudopotentials approach to obtain an accurate description of the low lying states of ZnH which could be satisfactorily compared with existing data. Next, the ZnF and ZnCl diatomic molecules have been studied with the same ansatz to reveal the properties of so far unknown electronic states. Finally, the potential energy surface of the ground state of HZnF has been determined, and several spectroscopic properties have been deduced

MORENO, Jarier de Oliveira. Avaliação do desempenho e qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras comerciais, submetidas a dietas à base de sorgo-soja. 2005. 86 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Fortaleza-CE, 2005 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-07-29T13:36:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_jomoreno.pdf: 364667 bytes, checksum: 235ae3a9b8f864aeab1613b820fdc018 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-07-29T13:36:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_jomoreno.pdf: 364667 bytes, checksum: 235ae3a9b8f864aeab1613b820fdc018 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-29T13:36:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_jomoreno.pdf: 364667 bytes, checksum: 235ae3a9b8f864aeab1613b820fdc018 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / The experiment was designed to study the effect of the substitution of the corn for sorghum, with and without addition of a natural pigment, in diets for lying hens, on performance and quality of the egg. One hundred and sixty Hy-Line White Leghorns hens with 47 weeks of age, were distributed in a completely randomized design, with four repetitions of eight birds, totalizing 32 birds per treatment. The diets were isoenergetics, isoproteics and isoaminoacidics, based on corn, soybean meal and sorghum, supplemented or not with natural pigmentant. The reatments were: T1 - diet with 100% of corn as energy cereal; T2 - diet with 50% of corn and 50% of sorghum without natural pigment; T3 - diet with 50% of maize and 50% of sorghum with natural pigment; T4 - diet with 100% of sorghum without natural pigment; T5 - diet with 100% of sorghum with natural pigment. The experiment was held for 112 days divided in four periods of 28 days each. The ariables studied were: performance – egg production (% hen/day), feed intake (g/bird per day), feed: gain ratio (kg feed/kg egg) and egg weight (g); Quality egg – eggshell (%), egg-albumen (%), egg-yolk (%) and yolk color (fan Roche); feed cost. Analysis of variance showed that the egg production was significantly lesser (P<0,05) in the diet with 100% of sorghum with natural pigment, when compared to the other treatments. How much to the pigmentation of the egg yolk, T1 diet presented highest pigmentation (P<0,05), when compared with T2 and T4. Moreover, the pigmentation of the egg-yolk was significantly highest (P<0,05) in the T3 in relation to the T2, as well as in the T5 in relation to the T4. The production cost suggested that the replacement for 100% of corn by sorghum and addition of natural pigment increased the production cost of one kilogram of egg, with good acceptance of consuming market. In conclusion, the partial and total substitution of the corn for sorghum did not affect the characteristics of performance (except egg production), and egg quality of lying hens and the inclusion of the natural pigment in the rations with sorghum skirted the problem of the pigmentation egg yolk. / O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de estudar o efeito da substituição do milho pelo sorgo, com e sem a adição de um pigmentante natural, em dietas para poedeiras, sobre o desempenho e qualidade do ovo. Cento e sessenta poedeiras da linhagem Hy-Line, com quarenta e sete semanas de idade, foram alojadas num delineamento inteiramente casualisado com quatro repetições de oito aves, totalizando trinta e duas aves por tratamento. As dietas foram isoenergéticas, isoprotéicas e isoaminoacídicas, formuladas à base de milho, sorgo e farelo de soja, suplementadas ou não com pigmentante natural. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: T1 – ração contendo 100% de milho como cereal energético; T2 – ração contendo 50% de milho e 50% de sorgo sem pigmentante natural; T3 – ração contendo 50% de milho e 50% de sorgo com pigmentante natural; T4 – ração contendo 100% de sorgo sem pigmentante natural; T5 – ração contendo 100% de sorgo com pigmentante natural. O experimento teve a duração de cento e doze dias, divididos em quatro períodos de vinte e oito dias. As variáveis estudadas foram: desempenho zootécnico – percentagem de postura (ave/dia), consumo de ração (g/ave/dia), conversão alimentar (kg de ração/kg de ovo) e peso do ovo (g); qualidade do ovo – percentagem de casca, percentagem de albúmen, percentagem de gema e coloração da gema e; custo de produção. A análise de variância dos dados mostrou que a percentagem de postura foi significativamente menor (P<0,05) na ração com 100% de sorgo e pigmentante natural (T5), quando comparada com os demais tratamentos. Quanto à coloração da gema do ovo, a ração com 100% de milho apresentou pigmentação superior (P<0,05), quando comparado com as dietas com 50% e 100% de sorgo sem o pigmentante. Além disso, a coloração da gema do ovo foi significativamente maior (P<0,05) nos tratamentos com 50 e 100% de sorgo com o pigmentante, em relação ao tratamento controle. O custo de produção mostrou que o sorgo pode substituir totalmente o milho, desde que se reduza o nível de pigmentante na dieta. De acordo com os resultados encontrados, conclui-se que a substituição parcial e total do milho por sorgo não afeta as características de desempenho (exceto a percentagem de postura) e qualidade do ovo das poedeiras e a inclusão do pigmentante natural nas dietas com sorgo contornou o problema da pigmentação da gema do ovo.

Sur base d’une enquête réalisée dans le secteur des centres d’appel téléphonique, cette thèse analyse l’impact subjectif de la prescription du mensonge au travail. Le premier temps de la thèse est consacré à la présentation et à l’interprétation du matériel clinique. Celle-ci débouche sur une discussion psychodynamique du concept de souffrance éthique qui convoque le champ de la philosophie morale, notamment les éthiques du care. Par ailleurs, la mise en évidence de stratégies défensives contre la souffrance au travail d’un type nouveau, ainsi que de modes de gestion du personnel qui se caractérisent par une instrumentalisation de la reconnaissance, permettent de réinterroger à de nouveaux frais les avantages et les inconvénients de ces concepts au sein d’une théorie de l’autonomie. Enfin, le problème de la servitude volontaire est abordé à l’aide de travaux philosophiques sur la liberté de la volonté. Il en ressort que l’articulation entre liberté et coercition bénéficierait d’une discussion approfondie des rapports entre violence et corps érogène. / Drawing on a survey conducted in call centres, this thesis analyzes the subjective impact of the prescription of lying in the workplace. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the presentation and interpretation of clinical data. This leads to a discussion of the psychodynamic concept of ethical suffering. The latter summons the field of moral philosophy, namely the ethics of care. Furthermore, the identification of a new type of defensive strategies againts suffering at work, as well as personnel management methods wich are characterized by a manipulation of recognition, allow us to re-examine the advantages and disadvantages of these concepts for a theory of autonomy. Finally, the problem of voluntary servitude is approached from the standpoint of the philosophical debate on free will. It appears that the link between freedom and coercion would benefit from a thorough discussion between violence and the erogenous body.

Master of Science / Animal Sciences and Industry / Micheal J. Brouk / Study 1 was performed to assess the effect of an evaporative cooling system (ECS) on core body temperature (CBT) and lying times in lactating dairy cows. Respiration rates and rear udder temperatures (T[subscript u]) were also measured. Trial 1 contained 3 environmental treatments while trial 2 contained 2 environmental treatments. Treatments were: OFF (Cyclone fans and fog shut off), FAN (Cyclone fans only, no fog), and FANFOG (Cyclone fans and fog on) and cows exposed to these 3 environments were housed in a bedded pack barn (PACK) equipped with an ECS or a tie-stall barn (TIE). TIE and PACK cows moved between barns every 8 h for milking and both groups moved opposite of each other. Ambient, barn temperature and relative humidity (RH) measurements in addition to vaginal temperatures and lying times were recorded by sensors which took measurements at 1 min intervals. Respiration rates (BPM), for PACK cows during FANFOG were reduced (P < 0.05) when compared to TIE (53 ± 2.0 vs 64 ± 2.0, respectively) in trial 1. Similar results were found in trial 2. Rear udder temperature was measured and found to be decreased (P < 0.05) in PACK cows while housed under FANFOG vs TIE in trial 1. These results could not be repeated in trial 2 because of greater ambient temperatures. Core body temperature (CBT) was reduced during each trial as shown by less time spent above 39.0°C during FANFOG. During trial 2, PACK spent 5.7 and 8.5 h/d less over a CBT of 39.0°C compared to TIE cows. Total daily lying time was tracked and found to increase for cows exposed to the ECS during PACK but no difference between PACK and TIE. In study 2, the same ECS was used but its effects on nonlactating dairy cows were studied. There was a treatment by h interaction for vaginal temperature showing the greatest effects during the afternoon h where FANFOG had numerically decreased CBT vs FAN. FANFOG cows spent reduced time over a CBT of 39.0°C and greater time < 38.0°C. FANFOG cows also had increased lying times of 1.7 h/d compared to FAN.