abstract: This study aimed to investigate the effects of specific macronutrient feedings on competitive golf performance and perceived levels of fatigue and alertness. Participants played three, nine hole rounds of golf, consuming an isocaloric beverage as a control (CON), with the addition of carbohydrate (CHO), or combination of protein and carbohydrate (COM). Physiological and performance measurements were taken before, during, and following each nine hole round. Performance measurements include driving accuracy (DA), driving distance (DD), iron accuracy (IA), chipping accuracy (CA), and putting accuracy (PA). Pre-golf hydration status (urine specific gravity [USG]) and Sweat Rate during golf performance showed no significant differences between trials. All nine hole rounds were performed in ~2 hours. Environmental conditions were similar for all three testing days (mean WBGT=10.946). No significant differences were seen in Driving Distance, Driving Accuracy, and Iron Accuracy for all nine holes between groups receiving different macronutrient feedings. Chipping Accuracy was significantly better in CON trial compared to CHO (p=0.004) and COM (p=0.019). No significant differences were seen in putting make percentages. COM trial significantly lowered Perceived Levels of Fatigue (p=0.019) compared to CON. The CHO trial showed significant improvements in DA compared to CON (13.7 vs. 44.1, p=0.012) and COM (13.7 vs. 33.6, p=0.004) in the first four holes. In the last five holes, the COM trial showed significant improvements in DA compared to CHO (17.5 vs. 29.7, p=0.007). Low Handicap golfers (3 +/- 3) performed significantly better than High Handicap golfers (14 +/- 3.6) in DD (265 vs. 241, p<0.001), DA (15.0 vs. 29.3, p=0.004), IA (15.2 vs. 25.2, p<0.001), CA (52.0 vs. 61.5, p=0.027), and PA 5ft (64% vs. 40%, p=0.003). High Handicap players showed no significant differences between the three trials for any golf performance measurements. Low Handicap players showed significant improvements in DA for COM trial compared to CON trial (13.6 vs. 27.6, p=0.003). The results suggest that carbohydrates at the start and a combination of carbohydrate and protein is beneficial at the second part of 9 holes to improve golf performance and maintain levels of fatigue, however, it needs to be investigated how this knowledge will relate to playing more holes. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Exercise and Wellness 2020

Submitted by GISELE FERNANDA ALVES DA SILVA null (giferalves@hotmail.com) on 2018-01-10T17:26:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MESTRADO DISSERTACAO Gisele Fernanda Alves da Silva.pdf: 2130722 bytes, checksum: 912b62510cfa3114cbd4a44325ccec9d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elza Mitiko Sato null (elzasato@ibilce.unesp.br) on 2018-01-11T17:30:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_gfa_me_sjrp.pdf: 2130722 bytes, checksum: 912b62510cfa3114cbd4a44325ccec9d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-11T17:30:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_gfa_me_sjrp.pdf: 2130722 bytes, checksum: 912b62510cfa3114cbd4a44325ccec9d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-01 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fungos filamentosos secretam grande quantidade de proteínas e outros produtos metabólicos para o meio de crescimento. As substâncias secretadas dependem não só das características metabólicas do microrganismo, como também da composição nutricional do meio de cultivo, particularmente dos macroelementos. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a influência dos macronutrientes, carbono e nitrogênio, no crescimento e secreção de amilases, CMCase e xilanase do fungo Myceliophthora thermophila I-1D3b, em cultivo submerso. Atuando como fonte de carbono, foram escolhidos amido solúvel, carboximetilcelulose, papel de filtro e glicose e como fonte de nitrogênio sulfato de amônio, peptona e extrato de levedura. O crescimento fúngico foi determinado pela quantificação de biomassa micelial. Foram realizados ensaios de cinética de crescimento microbiano e de secreção das enzimas mencionadas, alternando-se e associando-se as fontes de carbono e nitrogênio, procurando estabelecer uma correlação entre a disponibilidade de fontes simples e complexas de carbono e de fonte orgânicas e inorgânicas de nitrogênio, na síntese de biomassa e secreção de enzimas amilase, CMCase e xinalase. Realizou-se ensaios variando a fonte de nitrogênio, peptona, sulfato de amônia e extrato de levedura em concentração fixa de glicose. Determinou-se a concentração de nitrogênio presente nos substratos utilizados como fonte de nitrogênio e calculou-se a massa de substrato necessário para oferecer as respectivas concentrações de nitrogênio, 10 e 13%. Também foram realizados experimentos variando as fontes de carbono em amido solúvel, Carboximetilcelulose e papel de filtro, em diferentes concentrações (2,5; 5,0; 7,5 e 10,0 g.L-1). Esse mesmo experimento foi realizado variando as fontes de carbono combinados à glicose. Foram obtidos como resultados maiores valores de biomassa em presença de fonte orgânica de nitrogênio, enquanto maiores atividades enzimáticas foram obtidas em cultivo constituído de fontes orgânicas e inorgânicas na proporção 2:1, respectivamente. Quando avaliada a influência das fontes de nitrogênio, peptona e extrato de levedura, ambas avaliadas em função da concentração de 10% e 13% de nitrogênio, não foram observadas diferenças significativas na composição de biomassa micelial ao fim de 120h de cultivo. Identificou-se influência da concentração de nitrogênio na atividade de CMCase, sendo que as melhores atividades obtidas ocorreram para a concentração de 13% de peptona e extrato de levedura. No entanto, não foi possível identificar a influência da concentração de nitrogênio na atividade de xilanase e amilase. No estudo das fontes de carbono, mostrou-se como melhor fonte de carbono na obtenção de biomassa fúngica o amido solúvel. Maiores atividades enzimáticas foram obtidas em presença de seus indutores: CMCase foram obtidas em cultivo constituído de carboximetilcelulose, e amilase em cultivo com amido solúvel. Quando as fontes de carbono foram combinadas à glicose, observou-se redução nas atividades das enzimas analisadas. Nesse trabalho, observou-se que cada fonte de carbono proporcionaram efeitos diferentes sobre crescimento microbiano e atividades enzimáticas, dada as características distintas de sua composição química e estrutural. / Filamentous fungi secrete large amounts of proteins and other metabolic products into the growth medium. The secret substances depend not only on the metabolic characteristics of the microorganism but also on the nutritional composition of the culture medium, particularly the macroelements. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the influence of macronutrients, carbon and nitrogen on the growth and secretion of amylases, CMCase and xylanase of fungus Myceliophthora thermophila I-1D3b, in submerged culture. Acting as a carbon source, soluble starch, carboxymethylcellulose, filter paper and glucose and as source of nitrogen ammonium sulfate, peptone and yeast extract were chosen. Fungal growth was determined by the quantification of mycelial biomass. Microbial growth and secretion kinetics assays were performed alternating and associating as carbon and nitrogen sources, trying to establish a correlation between the availability of simple and complex sources of carbon and of organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen, in the synthesis of biomass and secretion of amylase enzymes, CMCase and xinalase. Tests were performed by varying the source of nitrogen, peptone, ammonium sulfate and yeast extract at fixed glucose concentration. The concentration of nitrogen present in the substrates used as nitrogen source was determined and the substrate mass required to provide as 10 and 13% nitrogen solutions was calculated. Experiments were also carried out, varying as carbon sources in soluble starch, Carboxymethylcellulose and filter paper, in different concentrations (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 gL-1). sources of carbon combined with glucose. As results obtained higher biomass values in the presence of organic nitrogen source, while higher enzymatic activities were obtained in organic and inorganic sources in the 2: 1 ratio, respectively. When evaluated by an influence of nitrogen sources, peptone and yeast extract, both evaluated as a function of 10% and 13% nitrogen concentration, were not significantly observed in the composition of mycelial biomass after 120 h of culture. The influence of nitrogen concentration on CMCase activity was identified, with the best activities obtained for a concentration of 13% of peptone and yeast extract. However, it was not possible to identify an influence of the nitrogen concentration on xylanase and amylase activity. In the study of carbon sources, the soluble starch was shown to be the best source of carbon in the production of fungal biomass. Higher enzymatic activities were obtained in the presence of its inducers, CMCase were obtained in culture consisting of carboxymethylcellulose and amylase in culture with soluble starch. As carbon sources were combined with glucose, it observed a reduction in the activities of the enzymes analyzed. In this work it was observed that each carbon source had different effects for microbial growth and enzymatic activities, given as distinct characteristics of its chemical and structural composition.

Submitted by LILLIAM HERMINIA OTERO PUJOL null (lilyotero9@gmail.com) on 2016-11-28T21:57:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese doc final imprimir.pdf: 2138152 bytes, checksum: c43deb7e0af0e5b3bc9ecc977bc5c4cd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-12-02T11:44:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 oteropujol_lh_dr_jabo.pdf: 2138152 bytes, checksum: c43deb7e0af0e5b3bc9ecc977bc5c4cd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-02T11:44:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 oteropujol_lh_dr_jabo.pdf: 2138152 bytes, checksum: c43deb7e0af0e5b3bc9ecc977bc5c4cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Objetivou-se com este estudo identificar as principais plantas daninhas, determinar os períodos de interferência e os efeitos da comunidade infestante no acúmulo de macronutrientes na cultura do pimentão cultivar ‘Dahra’. Os estudos foram conduzidos no município de Jaboticabal, SP, em dois anos de cultivo (2014/2015 e 2015/2016). Os tratamentos consistiram de 11 períodos crescentes de controle e de convivência com as plantas daninhas a partir do transplantio: (0-14, 0-28, 0-42, 0-56, 0-70, 0-84, 0-98, 0-112, 0-126, 0-140 e 0-154). Nestes foram realizados os estudos fitossociológicos e avaliação da produtividade para determinar os períodos de interferência. Também foram implantados dois tratamentos nos quais se avaliou o acúmulo de massa seca e macronutrientes durante o ciclo da cultura com e sem convivência com as plantas daninhas. As principais plantas daninhas responsáveis pela interferência na cultura do pimentão foram Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., Digitaria nuda Schumach e Nicandra physaloides L. Pers. por apresentar alta biomassa e densidade relativa. A interferência das plantas daninhas provocou perdas na produtividade de frutos de 85,22% (2014/2015) e 86,2% (2015/2016). Constatou-se que para os anos agrícolas 2014/2015 e 2015/2016, o período anterior à interferência (PAI) aconteceu aos 0 a 17 e 0 a 11 DAT, e o período total de prevenção à interferência (PTPI) aos 71 e 89 DAT, respectivamente. A presença das plantas daninhas causou redução no acúmulo de massa seca da ordem de 84,35% e 81,68% para 2014/2015 e 2015/2016, respectivamente. Foram observados reduções dos acúmulos de macronutrientes na ordem de 70,13±4,85% no cultivvo de 2014/2015 e 82,91±6,23% no de 2015/2016. A ordem de acúmulos de nutrientes pelas plantas de pimentão foi K> N> Ca> Mg> S> P para ambos os anos de cultivo. As espécies Eleusine indica, Nicandra physaloides e Digitaria nuda apresentaram maior potencial de interferência, reduzindo a produtividade, massa seca e acúmulo de nutrientes do pimentão cultivar Dahra em percentuais superiores a 50%. / The aim of this study was to identify the main weeds, determine the periods of interference and the effects of the weed community in the accumulation of macronutrients in sweet pepper cultivar 'Dahra'. The studies were carried out in Jaboticabal, SP, in two crop years (2014/2015 and 2015/2016). Treatments consisted of 11 increasing periods of control and interaction with the weeds from transplanting: (0-14, 0-28, 0-42, 0-56, 0-70, 0-84, 0-98, 0 -112, 0-126, 0-140 and 0- 154). These were carried out the phytosociological studies and evaluation of productivity to determine the periods of interference. They were also deployed two treatments that evaluated the dry mass and macronutrients during the crop cycle with and without interaction with the weeds. The main weeds responsible for interference in sweet pepper were Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., Digitaria nuda Schumach and Nicandra physaloides L. Pers. due to high biomass and relative density. The weed interference caused losses in fruit yield of 85.22% (2014/2015) and 86.2% (2015/2016). It was found that for the agricultural years 2014/2015 and 2015/2016, the period before interference (PAI) happened to 0-17 and 0-11 DAT, and the total period of interference prevention (TPIC) after 71 and 89 DAT, respectively. Weeds caused a reduction in dry mass of approximately 84.35% and 81.68% for 2014/2015 and 2015/2016, respectively. The accumulation of macronutrients reductions were observed in the order of 70.13 ± 4.85% in cultivvo 2014/2015 and 82.91 ± 6.23% in 2015/2016. The accumulation of nutrients of chili plants was K> N> Ca> Mg> S> P for both crop years. The species Eleusine indica, Nicandra physaloides and Digitaria nuda showed the greatest potential for interference, reducing productivity, dry matter accumulation and nutrients in sweet pepper cultivar Dahra with percentage higher than 50%. / PEC-PG: 14774-12-7

OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this thesis was to investigate the role of nutrition during "early" HIV-infection in African women. METHODS: Data reported in this investigation formed part of two cross-sectional studies, the THUSA and Mangaung studies. The Mangaung study investigated women and, therefore, the sub-sample of the THUSA study was chosen accordingly. The data of the two studies were kept and analysed separately. The investigation consisted of 1040 women from the THUSA study, aged between 15 and 90 years of which 120 (11.5%) were HIV infected. The Mangaung study comprised of 488 women aged between 25 and 44 years of which 248 (51%) women were infected. Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, health outcome variables and habitual nutrient intakes by a quantified food frequency questionnaire were used. The SPSS statistical package (version 14.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, 2005) was used to analyse data. Descriptive statistics were done expressing variables as means, medians, standard deviations (SD), standard errors (SE) and confidence intervals (CI). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done to test for significance between the HIV-infected and non-infected groups in both studies. Partial correlations were done in the infected and non-infected groups to determine associations between dietary / nutrient intake, anthropometry and the biological health variables. In the THUSA study we controlled for age, education level, degree of urbanization and alcohol intake and in the Mangaung study for age, education level and alcohol intake. Nutrient intakes of both infected and non-infected women above and below median values as well as in the first and fourth quartile of total cholesterol (TC) and albumin distribution were compared to assess the role of nutrients in the observed decreases in TC and albumin of HIV-infected women. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The dietary intakes of the HIV-infected women in both the studies did not differ significantly from the non-infected women. Total serum cholesterol, albumin, fibrinogen and blood pressure were significantly lower in the HIV-infected women in both the THUSA and Mangaung studies. The non-infected THUSA women with lower serum cholesterol levels (than the median) had significantly lower intakes of percentage energy from fat (25.2 versus 26.4%, p ≤0.027), percentage energy from total protein (11.6 versus 12.1%, p≤0.000), animal protein (25.6 versus 27.7g, p≤0.005), and significantly higher intakes of plant protein (32.2 versus 29.4g, p≤0.002) and fibre (16.9 versus 15.89 p≤0.029). There were no significant differences observed in the nutrient intakes in the infected women with serum cholesterol levels above and below the median. In the Mangaung study no significant nutrient intake differences were observed in both of the HIV-infected and non-infected women with lower and higher than the median TC levels. In the THUSA study, higher intakes of fat (percentage energy) were close to significant (27.3 versus 24.5%, p≤0.053) in the infected women with higher (than the median) albumin levels. In the non-infected group with higher albumin levels, significant differences were observed in percentage energy from fat (26.6 versus 24.9%; p≤0.001) protein (12.2 versus 11.6%; p≤0.001) and carbohydrate (62.8 versus 65.2%; p≤0.000). Higher intakes of saturated fat (SATFAT) (17.7 versus 16.1g, p≤0.008), monounsaturated fats (MUFAT) (19.3 versus 17.4g, p≤0.004) as well as higher intakes of animal protein (28.5 versus 24.4g, p≤0.000) were observed in the group with higher than the median levels of serum albumin. In the Mangaung study the HIV-infected women (with higher than the median serum albumin levels), had significantly higher intakes of energy (13 275 versus 11 622 kJ, p≤0.022), polyunsaturated fatty acids (32.3 versus 17.3g, p≤0.036), dietary cholesterol (412.9 versus 344.5mg, p≤0.043) and plant protein (42.3 versus 35.3g, p≤0.008). No differences were observed in the non-infected women. The further analyses, comparing the dietary intakes in both studies of infected and non-infected women with TC and albumin levels in the first and fourth quartiles, showed that in the THUSA study, non-infected women with lower TC levels had significantly lower intakes of protein (% of total energy), total fat (% of total energy) and vitamin B12 and significantly higher intakes of total energy (TE), plant protein, total carbohydrate, % TE from carbohydrate, dietary fibre, added sugar and thiamine. In the infected women saturated fatty acids (SATFAT), calcium and the fat ratio (polyunsaturated/saturated ratio) differed significantly between women with TC levels in the first and the fourth quartile. A significant higher intake of riboflavin was seen in the non-infected women from Mangaung with TC levels in the fourth quartile, while significant higher intakes of energy, total protein, animal protein, total fat, SATFAT, MUFAT, total carbohydrate, phosphorus, chromium and iodine was seen in the infected women with TC levels in the fourth quartile. These results suggest that a more "westernized" diet with higher intakes of energy, and animal derived foods (SATFAT and calcium) could have protected against the detrimental decreases in TC observed in HIV infection. Significant differences were observed in the intakes in the non-infected THUSA women who had serum albumin in the first and fourth quartiles. lntakes in percentage energy from protein and fat, animal protein, total fat, SATFAT, MUFAT, calcium, zinc, vitamin C and fat ratio, were significantly lower in the women with albumin levels in the first quartile. Significantly higher carbohydrate intakes were observed in the women who had serum albumin levels in the first quartile. In the Mangaung study, significant differences were seen in the intakes between infected women who had serum albumin levels in the first and fourth quartiles. lntakes of total energy, protein, fat, MUFAT, SATFAT, carbohydrate, magnesium, zinc, chromium, biotin, pantothenic acid and iodine were significantly lower in the infected women with serum albumin levels in the first quartile. In the non-infected women significantly lower intakes of calcium were observed in the group who had serum albumin levels in the first quartile compared to those who had serum albumin levels in the fourth quartile. These results also suggest that a more "westernized” diet was associated with higher albumin levels in HIV-infected women. CONCLUSION: It is well known that nutrition has an integral part to play in the care of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Maintaining proper nutrition, weight and immune function is thought to delay disease progression, prolong the asymptomatic phase and improve survival. These analyses suggest that the "prudent" diet generally regarded as an optimal diet for prevention of non-communicable diseases, may not be the optimal diet for PLWHA. The overall analyses therefore suggest that a more "westernized" diet, higher in fat and protein could be more beneficial to asymptomatic HIV-infected women compared to that of a more "prudent" diet. As these studies were not primarily designed to investigate HIV and nutrition, the role of a higher energy, fat and animal protein intake ("western" diet) in asymptomatic HIV warrants urgent investigation. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Nutrition))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Objetivo: O presente estudo teve por objetivo comparar duas estratégias de acompanhamento nutricional em pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional em relação à composição da dieta dessas pacientes. Método: Durante o período de Julho de 2012 a Fevereiro de 2014, foram acompanhadas 55 gestantes no setor de Endocrinopatias e Gestação da Clínica Obstétrica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP). Os critérios de inclusão foram: diagnóstico de DMG e idade gestacional inferior a 35 semanas na primeira avaliação nutricional. Foram excluídas as gestantes que não compareceram às consultas pré-estabelecidas (Grupo 1: duas avaliações; Grupo 2: quatro avaliações). As pacientes foram randomizadas em dois grupos: Grupo 1 (avaliação inicial e avaliação final) e Grupo 2 (avaliação inicial, orientação individualizada em mais dois encontros com intervalo de sete a quinze dias e avaliação final). Para avaliação do consumo inicial e final de nutrientes, bem como para nortear as orientação individualizadas (Grupo 2) utilizou-se o recordatório alimentar de 24h, seguido de análise no programa Nutrilife 8.0 ®. Na avaliação inicial, os dois grupos receberam orientação nutricional padrão. Para comparação entre os grupos, utilizou-se teste de qui-quadrado, exato de Fisher e teste de Mann-Whitney U. Resultados: Os dois grupos foram semelhantes em relação à ingestão de Macro e Micronutrientes na avaliação inicial. Na avaliação final, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos no que se refere ao consumo de carboidratos, lipídios e sódio. No Grupo 2, o consumo de carboidratos foi maior, e o de sódio e lipídios foi menor em comparação ao Grupo 1. Conclusões: A orientação individualizada, mesmo que avaliada em curto período de tempo, foi capaz de promover modificações no comportamento alimentar das gestantes em relação ao consumo de carboidratos, lipídios e sódio / Objective: The current study aimed the comparison of two strategies of nutrition monitoring of patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus compared to the diet composition of these patients. Method: From July 2012 to February, 2014, 55 pregnant women were monitored at the Endocrinopathy and Pregnancy Sector of the Obstetrics Clinic at Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP). The inclusion criterion was: GDM diagnosed and gestational age under 35 weeks at the first nutrition assessment. Pregnant women who attend the pre-established appointments (Group 1: two assessments; Group 2: four assessments) were removed. The patients were randomized into two groups: Group 1 (initial review and final review) and Group 2 (initial review, individual guidance in two appointments with a seven to fifteen day interval and final review). In order to assess the ideal initial and final consumption of nutrients, as well as to direct the individual guidance (Group 2), the 24h alimentary record was used, followed by the assessment on the Nutrilife 8.0® program. At the initial review, both groups received the standard nutritional guidance. In order to compare the two groups, a Chi-Square analysis, Fishers exact test and a Mann-Whitney U. test were performed. Results: the two groups were similar regarding the Macro and Micronutrients at the initial review. At the final review, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups with regards to the consumption of carbohydrates, lipids and sodium. In Group 2, there was a higher consumption of carbohydrates and the consumption of sodium and lipids was lower than in Group 1. Conclusions: The individual guidance, even if assessed in a short period of time, was capable of promoting changes in the alimentation behavior of the pregnant women with regards to the consumption of carbohydrates, lipids and sodium

Com objetivo de avaliar a eficiência do uso de fertilizante (contendo macronutrientes - nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio - e micronutrientes - cobalto e molibdênio), associado a fungicida e a inoculante, no tratamento de sementes de soja (variedade cultivada FT-Abyara), foram realizados dois experimentos, em laboratório (2007) e em campo (safra agrícola de 2007/2008), no Departamento de Biologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, em Santa Maria-RS. O experimento I constou de tratamentos de doses de macronutrientes e micronutrientes em mistura com os fungicidas Thiram e Carbendazim aplicados em Bradyrhizobium spp. em meio de cultura YMA. O experimento II foi realizado para avaliar o efeito do tratamento de sementes de soja com micronutrientes e fungicidas na sobrevivência de Bradyrhizobium spp. e sua influência no crescimento da planta. Com relação aos diferentes fertilizantes avaliados, verifica-se que o maior número de nódulos por planta e maior massa de matéria seca de nódulos foi obtido com os compostos que continham cobalto e molibdênio, resultado também observado em relação aos tratamentos com fungicidas. Os resultados experimentais permitem inferir que todos os tratamentos com fertilizantes aplicados via sementes aumentaram significativamente a altura de planta, o comprimento de raiz, e a massa de matéria seca da parte aérea e de raiz quando comparados à testemunha sem tratamento com fertilizante, fungicida e inoculante. Em função dos resultados obtidos neste trabalho com a cultura de soja, pode-se concluir que: (i) o tratamento de sementes com fungicidas diminui o número de células viáveis de Bradyrhizobium spp.; (ii) a utilização de cobalto e molibdênio no tratamento de sementes proporciona aumento na quantidade de células de Bradyrhizobium spp.; e (iii) o melhor parâmetro para avaliar a eficiência da inoculação no tratamento de sementes é o número de células viáveis de Bradyrhizobium spp. / With the purpose of evaluating the efficiency of fertilizers (with macronutrients - nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium - and micronutrients - cobalt e molybdenum), fungicides and inoculant utilization in the soybean (cultivar \'FT-Abyara\') seed treatment, two experiments were carried out, in laboratory (2007) and in field (season 2007/2008), at Biology Department of Federal University of Santa Maria, in Santa Maria, \'Rio Grande do Sul\' State, Brazil. The experiment I consisted of evaluating the macronutrients and micronutrients doses treatments mixed with fungicides (Thiram and Carbendazim) applied in the YMA culture medium of Bradyrhizobium spp. The experiment II consisted of evaluating the soybean seed treatment (with micronutrients and fungicides) effect on Bradyrhizobium spp. survival and its influence on the plant growth. In relation to different evaluated fertilizers, the higher number of nodules per plant and higher nodules dry mass were obtained with cobalt and molybdenum seed treatments. Similar results also were obtained with fungicides treatments. According to the results, all treatments with fertilizers increased the soybean plant height, root length, dry matter of canopy and roots when compared to the control (without fertilizers, fungicides and inoculant). According to the results, there are the following conclusions: (i) the seed treatment with fungicides decreases the viable cells number of Bradyrhizobium spp.; (ii) the utilization of cobalt and molybdenum in the seed treatment increases the Bradyrhizobium spp. cells number; and (iii) the best parameter to evaluate the seed treatment inoculation efficiency is the viable cells number of Bradyrhizobium spp.

Com objetivo de avaliar a eficiência do uso de fertilizante (contendo macronutrientes - nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio - e micronutrientes - cobalto e molibdênio), associado a fungicida e a inoculante, no tratamento de sementes de soja (variedade cultivada FT-Abyara), foram realizados dois experimentos, em laboratório (2007) e em campo (safra agrícola de 2007/2008), no Departamento de Biologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, em Santa Maria-RS. O experimento I constou de tratamentos de doses de macronutrientes e micronutrientes em mistura com os fungicidas Thiram e Carbendazim aplicados em Bradyrhizobium spp. em meio de cultura YMA. O experimento II foi realizado para avaliar o efeito do tratamento de sementes de soja com micronutrientes e fungicidas na sobrevivência de Bradyrhizobium spp. e sua influência no crescimento da planta. Com relação aos diferentes fertilizantes avaliados, verifica-se que o maior número de nódulos por planta e maior massa de matéria seca de nódulos foi obtido com os compostos que continham cobalto e molibdênio, resultado também observado em relação aos tratamentos com fungicidas. Os resultados experimentais permitem inferir que todos os tratamentos com fertilizantes aplicados via sementes aumentaram significativamente a altura de planta, o comprimento de raiz, e a massa de matéria seca da parte aérea e de raiz quando comparados à testemunha sem tratamento com fertilizante, fungicida e inoculante. Em função dos resultados obtidos neste trabalho com a cultura de soja, pode-se concluir que: (i) o tratamento de sementes com fungicidas diminui o número de células viáveis de Bradyrhizobium spp.; (ii) a utilização de cobalto e molibdênio no tratamento de sementes proporciona aumento na quantidade de células de Bradyrhizobium spp.; e (iii) o melhor parâmetro para avaliar a eficiência da inoculação no tratamento de sementes é o número de células viáveis de Bradyrhizobium spp. / With the purpose of evaluating the efficiency of fertilizers (with macronutrients - nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium - and micronutrients - cobalt e molybdenum), fungicides and inoculant utilization in the soybean (cultivar \'FT-Abyara\') seed treatment, two experiments were carried out, in laboratory (2007) and in field (season 2007/2008), at Biology Department of Federal University of Santa Maria, in Santa Maria, \'Rio Grande do Sul\' State, Brazil. The experiment I consisted of evaluating the macronutrients and micronutrients doses treatments mixed with fungicides (Thiram and Carbendazim) applied in the YMA culture medium of Bradyrhizobium spp. The experiment II consisted of evaluating the soybean seed treatment (with micronutrients and fungicides) effect on Bradyrhizobium spp. survival and its influence on the plant growth. In relation to different evaluated fertilizers, the higher number of nodules per plant and higher nodules dry mass were obtained with cobalt and molybdenum seed treatments. Similar results also were obtained with fungicides treatments. According to the results, all treatments with fertilizers increased the soybean plant height, root length, dry matter of canopy and roots when compared to the control (without fertilizers, fungicides and inoculant). According to the results, there are the following conclusions: (i) the seed treatment with fungicides decreases the viable cells number of Bradyrhizobium spp.; (ii) the utilization of cobalt and molybdenum in the seed treatment increases the Bradyrhizobium spp. cells number; and (iii) the best parameter to evaluate the seed treatment inoculation efficiency is the viable cells number of Bradyrhizobium spp.

Objetivo: O presente estudo teve por objetivo comparar duas estratégias de acompanhamento nutricional em pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional em relação à composição da dieta dessas pacientes. Método: Durante o período de Julho de 2012 a Fevereiro de 2014, foram acompanhadas 55 gestantes no setor de Endocrinopatias e Gestação da Clínica Obstétrica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP). Os critérios de inclusão foram: diagnóstico de DMG e idade gestacional inferior a 35 semanas na primeira avaliação nutricional. Foram excluídas as gestantes que não compareceram às consultas pré-estabelecidas (Grupo 1: duas avaliações; Grupo 2: quatro avaliações). As pacientes foram randomizadas em dois grupos: Grupo 1 (avaliação inicial e avaliação final) e Grupo 2 (avaliação inicial, orientação individualizada em mais dois encontros com intervalo de sete a quinze dias e avaliação final). Para avaliação do consumo inicial e final de nutrientes, bem como para nortear as orientação individualizadas (Grupo 2) utilizou-se o recordatório alimentar de 24h, seguido de análise no programa Nutrilife 8.0 ®. Na avaliação inicial, os dois grupos receberam orientação nutricional padrão. Para comparação entre os grupos, utilizou-se teste de qui-quadrado, exato de Fisher e teste de Mann-Whitney U. Resultados: Os dois grupos foram semelhantes em relação à ingestão de Macro e Micronutrientes na avaliação inicial. Na avaliação final, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos no que se refere ao consumo de carboidratos, lipídios e sódio. No Grupo 2, o consumo de carboidratos foi maior, e o de sódio e lipídios foi menor em comparação ao Grupo 1. Conclusões: A orientação individualizada, mesmo que avaliada em curto período de tempo, foi capaz de promover modificações no comportamento alimentar das gestantes em relação ao consumo de carboidratos, lipídios e sódio / Objective: The current study aimed the comparison of two strategies of nutrition monitoring of patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus compared to the diet composition of these patients. Method: From July 2012 to February, 2014, 55 pregnant women were monitored at the Endocrinopathy and Pregnancy Sector of the Obstetrics Clinic at Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP). The inclusion criterion was: GDM diagnosed and gestational age under 35 weeks at the first nutrition assessment. Pregnant women who attend the pre-established appointments (Group 1: two assessments; Group 2: four assessments) were removed. The patients were randomized into two groups: Group 1 (initial review and final review) and Group 2 (initial review, individual guidance in two appointments with a seven to fifteen day interval and final review). In order to assess the ideal initial and final consumption of nutrients, as well as to direct the individual guidance (Group 2), the 24h alimentary record was used, followed by the assessment on the Nutrilife 8.0® program. At the initial review, both groups received the standard nutritional guidance. In order to compare the two groups, a Chi-Square analysis, Fishers exact test and a Mann-Whitney U. test were performed. Results: the two groups were similar regarding the Macro and Micronutrients at the initial review. At the final review, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups with regards to the consumption of carbohydrates, lipids and sodium. In Group 2, there was a higher consumption of carbohydrates and the consumption of sodium and lipids was lower than in Group 1. Conclusions: The individual guidance, even if assessed in a short period of time, was capable of promoting changes in the alimentation behavior of the pregnant women with regards to the consumption of carbohydrates, lipids and sodium

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T15:14:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago_S_Paschoal.pdf: 1083741 bytes, checksum: f74337cb9ecfb2ba0ac6a227b368c714 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-29 / The increase of energy consumption in Brazil and worldwide generates a need to search alternative renewable and non-polluting energy such as biofuels. The safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a plant with large oil production capacity, with the potential for biodiesel production. It has high productivity and easy climate adaptation. It can be an economical option in crop rotation cultivation practiced by farmers. The objective of this study was to evaluate eighteen genotypes of safflower and its nutrients absorption in an experiment carried out in the western region of State of Parana. The experimental area is located at the Experimental Station of the Agronomic Institute of Paraná, in Santa Tereza do Oeste - PR. There were evaluated in a randomized block design with four replications. There were evaluated the cycle, plant height, dry matter yield of straw, grain yield, accumulation of nutrients in the area and the grain and oil content in grain and oil yield. The data will be submitted to analysis of variance and the averages compared by Scott-Knott test at 5 %. The average values observed were 152 day cycle, production 9134.2 kg/ha, 4531.8 kg / ha of grain and 26 % oil content. The nutrient uptake followed the order N > K > Ca > P > Mg > S. Since the export order was N > P > K > Mg > S > Ca. The nutrients mobility extracted for grains was low for K and Ca, Mg and S for average and high for N and P. The genotypes with higher yields on average were less efficient in the use of nutrients. / O aumento do consumo de energia no Brasil e no mundo gera uma necessidade de se buscar alternativas renováveis e não poluidoras de energia, como os biocombustíveis. O cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius L.) é uma planta com grande capacidade de produção de óleo, com potencial para produção de biodiesel. Apresenta alta produtividade e fácil adaptação climática. Pode ser uma opção de cultura econômica na rotação de culturas praticada pelos agricultores. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar dezoito genótipos de cártamo e sua absorção de nutrientes em um experimento conduzido na região oeste do estado do Paraná. A área experimental está localizada na Estação Experimental do Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, no município de Santa Tereza do Oeste - PR. Foram avaliados, em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados o ciclo, altura das plantas, produção de massa seca da palhada, produtividade de grãos, acúmulo de nutrientes na parte área e nos grãos, e teor de óleo nos grãos e produtividade de óleo. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste Scott-Knott a 5 %. Os valores médios encontrados foram ciclo de 152 dias, produção de palhada de 34,2 kg/ha, 4531,8 kg/ha de grãos e teor de óleo de 26 %. A extração de nutrientes apresentou a seguinte ordem N > K > Ca > P > Mg > S. Já a ordem exportada foi N > P > K > Mg > S > Ca. A mobilidade dos nutrientes extraídos para os grãos foi baixa para o K e Ca, média para Mg e S e alta para o N e P. Os genótipos com maiores produtividades, em média, foram menos eficientes na utilização dos nutrientes.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Nutrition))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.