Neste trabalho abordamos os processos de perdas colisionais por mudança de estrutura fina e por escape radiativo. Estes processos são importantes por serem os principais fatores limitantes da densidade e da permanência de átomos confinados em armadilhas magneto-ópticas. A utilização do formalismo de Wigner nos possibilitou tratar a dinâmica dos graus de liberdade internos do sistema de forma puramente quântica, enquanto tratamos os graus de liberdade translacionais de maneira semiclássica. Com este formalismo deduzimos equações inéditas para uma colisão unidimensional e desenvolvemos um algoritmo, também inédito, para a resolução numérica de tais equações. / In this work we study the collision loss processes caused by fine-structure change and radiative escape. These processes are important because they limit the density and the confinement time of atoms in magneto-optical traps. The use of the Wigner-function formalism allows us to treat the internal degrees of freedom purely quantum mechanically, while treating the dynamics of the external degrees of freedom quasi-classically. This dissertation employs this formalism to derive for the first time, quasi-classical equations describing one-dimensional cold collisions, including dissipation due to spontaneous emission, and an algorithm, also for the first time, to solve numerically the mentioned set of coupled equations.

Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa e à Inovação Tecnológica do Estado de Sergipe - FAPITEC/SE / In this work, we study blow-up results in finite time for the solution (u, b)(·, t) (defined in [0, T∗)), as well as for their spacial derivatives, of the Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) system. These results are obtained by extending some statements found in the literature for the classical Navier- Stokes equations. In order to cite an example, we prove that k(u, b)(·, t)kq explodes at a rate (T∗ − t)−q−3 2q , for all t ∈ [0, T∗) and 3 < q < ∞. In addition, we prove some sufficient conditions for the existence of global solution (in time) for the Navier-Stokes and MHD equations. Finally, we generalize some results established from the MHD equations, involving Sobolev Spaces Homogeneous, to the Magneto-micropolar system. More precisely, we show that if the solution (u,w, b)(·, t) presents blow-up in T∗ < ∞, then k(u,w, b)(·, t)k ˙H sk(u,w, b)(·, t)k 2s 1+2 −1 2 ≥ C(T∗ − t) s 1+2 , for all t ∈ [0, T∗), where δ ∈ (0, 1) and s ≥ 1 2 + δ. / Neste trabalho, discutimos inicialmente resultados de explos˜ao no tempo T∗ < ∞ para a solução (u, b)(·, t) (definida em [0, T∗)), como tamb´em para as suas derivadas, do sistema Magnetohidrodinâmico (MHD). Estes foram obtidos por uma extensão de resultados similares encontrados para as clássicas equações de Navier-Stokes. Em ordem a citarmos um exemplo, provamos que k(u, b)(·, t)kq explode a uma taxa (T∗ − t)−q−3 2q , para todo t ∈ [0, T∗) e 3 < q < ∞. Em seguida, avaliamos algumas condições suficientes para a existência de solução global no tempo para as equações de Navier-Stokes e MHD. Por fim, generalizamos observações de explosão, também em tempo finito, da solução das equações MHD, envolvendo espaços de Sobolev Homogêneos, para o sistema Magneto-micropolar. Mais precisamente, provamos que se a solução (u,w, b)(·, t) apresenta explosão em T∗ < ∞, então k(u,w, b)(·, t)k ˙Hsk(u,w, b)(·, t)k 2s1+2 −1 2 ´e limitado inferiormente por C(T∗ − t) s 1+2 , para todo t ∈ [0, T∗), se δ ∈ (0, 1) e s ≥ 1 2 + δ.

Orientador: Gilberto Medeiros Ribeiro / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T10:48:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GonzalezHernandez_FelixGuillermo_D.pdf: 12837677 bytes, checksum: 70e82c96ea88ab1de4fa785d908c9af6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Medidas experimentais foram realizadas para determinar as escalas de tempo de relaxação e decoerência do spin eletrônico como bit quântico. A estrutura dos estados de exciton foi investigada com o objetivo de servir como estados intermediários na manipulação do spin. O sistema utilizado para o estudo de decoerência é um ensemble de pontos quânticos auto-formados semicondutores. Dois temas servem como eixos centrais dos três experimentos desenvolvidos nesta tese: a polarização de spin e o fator g de Landé. No primeiro experimento, ao incluir o efeito do reservatório térmico, foi obtido o grau de polarização do spin (populações dos níveis up e down) para as camadas s e p. O desdobramento dos níveis orbitais em subníveis de spin permitiu obter a magnitude do fator g para estes estados. Mudando a orientação do campo magnético, foram observadas as anisotropias do tensor g e a sua relação com os detalhes do potencial de confinamento. Estas características permitiram inferir o tempo de relaxação T1. A medida da polarização resolvida no tempo foi realizada através de es-pectroscopia óptica de bombeio-prova. Os pulsos de luz e o campo magnético transverso permitem que uma polarização líquida seja inicializada. A rotação de Kerr permitiu observar oscilações desta polarização em torno do campo magnético com freqüência determinada pelo fator g. A perda da coerência de fase do spin resulta no decaimento destas oscilações numa escala de tempo T2. Medidas realizadas num ensemble de spins implicam em que o tempo de decoerência encontra-se limitado pela escala de defasagem T¤2< T2. Uma técnica semelhante à refocalização por spin-eco em experimentos de ressonância magnética nuclear, foi aplicada utilizando pulsos de laser para reverter a defasagem do ensemble. Tanto a possibilidade de medir o sinal de eco como o tempo de decoerência foram medidos como função da temperatura. A estrutura de níveis de exciton e a sua distribuição no ensemble foi estudada também com espectroscopia de bombeio-prova. Foram observados batimentos quânticos entre os níveis de estrutura fina do exciton para sis-temas 0D e 2D limitados pelo tempo de recombinação / Abstract: Experimental measurements were carried out to determine the scales of the relaxation and decoherence time for the electronic spin as quantum bit. The structure of the exciton states was investigated with the objective to serve as intermediate states in the spin manipulation. The system studied for the implementation of the quantum computation is an ensemble of self-assembled semiconductor quantum dots. Two subjects serve as central axes of the three experiments developed in this thesis: the spin polarization and the Landé g-factor. In the first experiment, when including the effect of the thermal reservoir, the degree of spin polarization (populations for the up and down levels) was measured for layers s and p. The splitting of the orbital levels in spin sublevels allowed to get the magnitude of factor g for these states. Changing the orientation of the magnetic field, the g-tensor anisotropies and its relation with the details of the confinement potential had been observed. These characteristics had allowed to infer the relaxation time T1. The time resolved polarization measurement was carried out by optical pump-probe spectroscopy. The pulses of light and the transverse magnetic field allow the initialization of a net polarization. The Kerr rotation allowed to observe oscillations of this polarization around the magnetic field with frequency determined for factor g. The loss of the spin phase coherence results in the decay of these oscillations in a time scale T2. Measurements carried out in an ensemble of spins imply that the decoherence time is limited by the ensemble dephasing time T¤2 < T2. A technique similar to the spin-echo refocalization in nuclear magnetic resonance experiments using laser pulses was applied to reverse the ensemble dephasing. The possibility to measure the echo signal and the decoherence time was measured as a function of the temperature. The structure of exciton levels and its distribution in ensemble were also studied with pump-probe spectroscopy. Quantum beats were observed be-tween the fine structure exciton levels for 0D and 2D systems, yet limited by the recombination time / Doutorado / Física da Matéria Condensada / Doutor em Ciências

Observamos o comportamento espectral do efeito Kerr transversal, para filmes amorfos de terra rara - cobalto na região do espectro visível e ultravioleta próximo (comprimento de onda, , entre 325 nm e 670 nm), onde o sinal magnetoóptico apresentou um máximo na região azul do espectro. Concluímos que, para esta região espectral, a variação relativa de refletividade é proporcional à magnetização do cobalto e a constante de proporcionalidade depende da composição da liga e do comprimento de onda da luz. Desenvolvemos uma técnica de modulação de fase, própria para medir o efeito Kerr transversal e a comparamos com a técnica de modulação de amplitude. Montamos um magnetômetro a efeito Kerr que opera com a modulação de fase e utiliza um laser de He-Cd ( = 325 nm e 442 nm) ou um diodo laser vermelho ( = 670 nm). Fazendo uma analogia com a figura de mérito para os efeitos Kerr longitudinal e polar (Fe), nós propusemos uma figura de mérito para o efeito Kerr transversal (FJ. Mostramos que sua dependência do ângulo de incidência é semelhante à da variação relativa de refletividade e, comparando medidas da figura de mérito do efeito Kerr longitudinal com a figura de mérito para o efeito transversal, comprovamos que a grandeza proposta é um bom parâmetro para medida de qualidade magnetoóptica de materiais. Observamos os efeitos do sperimagnetismo de ligas com anisotropia local fraca (Gd-Co) e forte (Ho-Co), através do comportamento térmico dos ciclos de histerese magnética e magnetoóptica. Dentre os fenômenos observados estão os efeitos da compensação, o crescimento hiperbólico do campo coercivo e os efeitos da reorientação de spin. Para a liga de Gd20C080a, transição observada foi uma inversão de spin, cujo o campo magnético aplicado, no qual ocorre a transição, cresce exponencialmente com o aumento da temperatura da amostra. / We have observed the spectral behavior of the transverse magnetooptical Kerr effect (TMOKE) in thin films of rare earth - cobalt amorphous alloys for the visible and the near-ultraviolet ranges of spectrurn (wavelength fiom 325 nm up to 670 nm). The relative change of reflectivity has shown a maximum at the blue wavelength. We have concluded that this magneto-optical signal is proportional to the cobalt magnetization and the proportionality constant depends on the alloy composition and on the wavelength. Besides developing an apparatus and a new phase modulation technique for the TMOKE, we have compared it to the more usual amplitude modulation TMOKE technique. This apparatus operates using either a He-Cd laser ( = 325 nm and 442 nm) for a red diode laser ( = 670nm). We have proposed the figure of merit for the transverse Kerr effect (F,) by analogy with the figure of merit for the longitudinal and polar Kerr effect (Fe). We have measured F, as a function of the angle of incidence and we have shown that F, has the same behavior of the magneto-optical signal. A comparison between F, and Fe has shown that F, is as good parameter as well as Fe for the characterization of the materials magneto-optical quality. We have studied the sperimagnetism of thin films of amorphous alloys with weak (Gd-Co) and strong (Ho-Co) random local anisotropy by the thermal behavior of the magnetic and magneto-optical hysteresis loops. The phenomena of compensation, coercivity and spin-reorientation phase transitions were observed. The comparison between magnetic and magneto-optical hysteresis loops for Gd20C~8h0as shown that the transition occurs from a colinear phase to an opposite collinear phase. In this case, the transition magnetic field grows exponentially when the temperature increases.

Fenômenos aeroelásticos podem levar à drástica redução na vida útil de uma aeronave ou ainda resultam em danos severos à estrutura. Para manter as respostas dinâmicas em níveis aceitáveis técnicas como as estruturas adaptativas têm sido aplicadas. Este conceito explora a integração entre os elementos ativos (atuadores e sensores) e o controlador à estrutura. Dentre os materiais próprios para uso em estruturas adaptativas estão os fluidos eletro-reológicos e magneto-reológicos que tem se mostrado como um dos mais promissores materiais ativos. Estes materiais apresentam rápidas mudanças nas suas propriedades reológicas devido à ação de um campo elétrico ou magnético. Para sua incorporação em uma estrutura é utilizada uma viga sanduíche que tem seu comportamento dinâmico modelado através do método GHM para incorporar a dependência da freqüência dos fluidos ER/MR em um modelo estrutural no domínio do tempo. Através do acoplamento deste modelo com o método da malha de vórtices, é possível estudar a resposta aeroelástica temporal. Também é analisada a eficiência dos fluidos ER/MR no atraso da ocorrência de flutter. Isto é feito com o auxílio do método PK que determina a velocidade crítica de flutter. / Aeroelastic phenomena can lead to a drastic reduction in the fatigue life of aircraft or result in severe structural damage. To keep the dynamical responses at acceptable levels techniques such as the so-called adaptive structures have been adopted. This approach integrates active elements and controllers (actuators and sensors) to the structure. Among the materials suitable for adaptive structures are the electro-rheological (ER) and magneto-rheological fluids which are some of the most promising active materials. This kind of materials presents change in their rheological properties due to action of an external field, such as electrical or magnetic. In order to integrate these kind of fluids in the structure a sandwich beam with ER/MR fluids core is studied. The dynamical behaviour is modelled through a GHM method to incorporate the frequency dependence of the ER/MR fluids in a structural time domain model. By coupling this model to a vortex lattice model, it is possible to study the aeroelastic response in time domain. The ER/MR fluids efficiency to delay the flutter occurrence is also studied by using a PK-method that determines a critical velocity of flutter.

Dans ce travail, nous montrons qu'il est possible d'effectuer un passage adiabatique efficace dans un système quantique non-linéaire quadratique à deux états décrivant la formation de molécules faiblement liées dans les condensats atomiques de Bose-Einstein par la photo-association par champs laser.Un transfert adiabatique efficace est également possible si on prend en compte les non-linéarités de troisième ordre décrivant les collisions élastiques atome-atome, atome-molécule et moléculaire-molécule.Le transfert est obtenu en choisissant un désaccord approprié calculé en résolvant le problème inverse.Nous montrons également que l'on peut effectuerun suivi Raman stimulé exact dans un système non-linéaire quantique à trois états.Dans le passage d'atomes libres à l'état moléculaire stable, les pertes irréversibles de l'état moléculaire intermédiaire faiblement lié peuvent être évitées par un schéma à trois états en deux couleurs dans le cas avec résonances à un ou deux photons.Ceci est obtenu par une technique de suivi exacte.Nous avons également étudié des modèles linéaires à deux états bi-confluents de Heun, dépendant du temps, avec des solutions en termes de combinaisons linéaires d'un nombre fini de fonctions Hermite d'ordre non entier.Nous avons présenté un modèle dont la solution implique seulement deux fonctions Hermite. Il s'agit d'une configuration de champ avec croisement par résonance donnée par une fréquence Rabi exponentiellement divergente et un désaccord qui commence à partir de la résonance exacte et diverge exponentiellement à l'infini. Le modèle prend en compte les pertes irréversibles du second état. / In this work we show that it is to perform an efficient adiabatic passage in a basic quadratic-nonlinear quantum two-state system describing weakly bound molecule formation in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates through photoassociation by laser fields. An efficient adiabatic transfer is also possible if the third-order nonlinearities describing the atom-atom, atom-molecule, and molecule-molecule elastic scattering are taken into account. The transfer is achieved by choosing a proper detuning derived by solving the inverse problem.We also show that one can perform a stimulated Raman exact tracking in a quadratic-nonlinear quantum three-state system.The irreversible losses from the intermediate weakly bound molecular state in a passage of free atoms to the stable molecular state can be avoided by a two-colour three-state scheme in the case of one- and two-photon resonances for the associating laser fields.This is achieved by an exact tracking technique.We also studied the linear time-dependent two-state bi-confluent Heun models with solutions in terms of linear combinations of a finite numberof the Hermite functions of non-integer order.We have presented a model the solution for which involves just two Hermite functions.This is a resonance-crossing field configuration given by an exponentially diverging Rabi frequency and a detuning that starts from the exact resonance and exponentially diverges at the infinity. The model takes into account the irreversible losses from the second state.

Depuis longtemps, les dispositifs ou systèmes électromagnétiques sont omniprésents dans les milieux industriel et domestique. Le circuit magnétique de ces systèmes est un des éléments clefs d’une conversion énergétique efficace. Outre l’optimisation de la géométrie du circuit magnétique, la maîtrise de l’efficacité énergétique passe par l’utilisation de matériaux magnétiques performants et par une connaissance approfondie de leur comportement, notamment sous contraintes élevées comme les températures et fréquences élevées que l’on rencontre de plus en plus aujourd’hui. Notre travail s’intègre dans le cadre des recherches menées par l’équipe matériaux du laboratoire AMPERE, notamment sur les modèles comportementaux de matériaux magnétiques. Partant de nombreuses caractérisations expérimentales en fonction de la température, nous avons développé un modèle « dynamique » adapté à différents types de matériaux ferromagnétiques, et permettant de simuler rapidement l’influence de la température sur le fonctionnement permanent et transitoire de systèmes électromagnétiques simples. Il s’appuie sur l’association des modèles d’hystérésis de Jiles-Atherton et dit « tubes de flux ». Ce modèle, et la démarche associée de couplage entre phénomènes magnétique, thermique et électrique, sont validés sur un capteur de courant et une inductance. Les résultats confirment l’importance de l’effet de la température sur les performances des systèmes, et la pertinence de disposer d’un tel modèle pour optimiser ces systèmes / Since a long time, systems and electrical devices are everywhere in the industrial and domestic environments. The magnetic core of these systems is a key for achieving energy conversion efficiency. Apart from the geometry optimization, high performance materials are mandatory for obtaining an effective energy conversion, as well as deep knowledge of their behaviour. The choice of materials is even more important when strong constraints are imposed, like high temperature and high frequency, which are more and more met nowadays. Our work is taken on in the context of the research activity on the modeling of the behaviour of magnetic materials of the “materials” team of AMPERE-Lab. Starting from a large number of experimental characterizations of materials at different temperatures, we have developed a “dynamic” model adapted to the different kinds of magnetic materials, which allows to quickly simulate the effect of temperature on the steady-state and transient regime of simple electromagnetic systems. It is founded on using Jiles-Atherton’s hysteresis models together with the so called “flux tubes”. This modelling and the associated approach of coupling electrical, thermal and magnetic phenomena are validated on a current sensor and an inductance. The results confirm the importance of the effect of the temperature on the performances of systems, and the interest of having such a model so as to optimizing these systems

Le laboratoire LT2C utilise depuis quelques années un procédé sol-gel basse température pour développer un matériau magnéto-optique composite parfaitement compatible avec les technologies d’optique intégrée sur verre. Néanmoins, la qualité actuelle du matériau ne permet pas son utilisation dans l’intégration des composants à effets non-réciproques. Dans le but d’exalter les effets magnéto-optiques et le facteur de mérite du matériau, le laboratoire LT2C s’est orienté vers sa structuration 3D en adaptant une approche basée sur les opales. Cette dernière consiste à fabriquer des opales directes à partir de l’auto-arrangement de microbilles de polystyrène sur un substrat de verre. Les opales sont ensuite infiltrées par une solution sol-gel dopée par des nanoparticules magnétiques de ferrite de cobalt. Après traitement thermique, le polystyrène est dissout dans l’acétate d’éthyle pour obtenir une structure 3D formée de trous d’air dans une matrice de silice dopée. Dans ce cadre, l’objectif des travaux de cette thèse consiste tout d’abord à optimiser au mieux la procédure d’élaboration des opales afin d’améliorer leur qualité structurelle et magnéto-optique. Ensuite, il consiste à réaliser une étude systématique des effets magnéto-optiques dans ces structures 3D pour investiguer le comportement spectral de l’effet Faraday, et ainsi qualifier les modifications apportées au facteur de mérite. Une analyse des images MEB et une caractérisation optique montrent que notre méthode d’élaboration conduit à la fabrication d’opales de bonne qualité structurelle et optique. Les mesures de rotation et d'ellipticité Faraday en fonction du champ magnétique appliqué présentent des cycles d’hystérésis, et mettent en évidence un effet non-réciproque, ce qui surligne le caractère magnéto-optique des opales inverses dopées. Une étude spectrale systématique des effets magnéto-optiques dans ces structures 3D montre deux pics et une atténuation de rotation et d’ellipticité Faraday, respectivement en bords et au centre de la BIP. Cependant, ces modifications spectrales significatives ne conduisent pas à une exaltation de la valeur du facteur de mérite. Cela est principalement dû aux défauts structurels qui diminuent le niveau de transmission de l’opale inverse dopée par rapport la couche de référence / LT2C laboratory uses since recent years a low temperature sol-gel process to develop a magneto-optical composite material that is perfectly compatible with glass integrated optics. However, due to an actual low figure of merit, this material cannot be embedded on integrated non-reciprocal devices. In order to exalt the magneto-optical effects and figure of merit, the LT2C laboratory adopted a process based on opals to 3D structure the material. The selected process consists in elaborating direct opals by self-assembling monodisperse polystyrene microspheres on glass substrate. Those opals are then impregnated with a homogeneous solution of sol-gel silica precursors doped with cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. Resulting samples are later oven dried for 1 hour at 90°C. Finally, polystyrene spheres are dissolved in ethyl acetate to obtain a 3D structure formed by air voids in doped silica matrix. In this context, the objective of this thesis is to optimize the fabrication process of opals in order to improve their structural and magneto-optical quality. Furthermore, it consists in making a systematic study of the magneto-optical effect in these structures in order to investigate the spectral behavior of the Faraday effect and thus quantify the figure of merit. Analysis of SEM images and optical characterization prove that our elaboration process leads to the fabrication of opals with good structural and optical quality. Measurements of Faraday rotation and ellipticity as a function of applied magnetic field show hysteresis loops with an unambiguous non-reciprocal behavior. These observations highlight the magneto-photonic character of the doped inverse opals. A systematic spectral study of the magneto-optical effect in these 3D structures displays two peaks and an attenuation of Faraday rotation and ellipticity, respectively at the edges and the center of the photonic band gap. However, these significant spectral modifications do not increase the value of figure of merit. This ascertainment is primarily due to structural defects that lower the transmission magnitude of the doped inverse opals in comparison to a magneto-optical reference monolayer

Submitted by Haroudo Xavier Filho (haroudo.xavierfo@ufpe.br) on 2016-04-14T16:39:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) tese_final_biblioteca.pdf: 10701235 bytes, checksum: 1af9d6bb745e78ea9fe6b261b7baa59c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-14T16:39:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) tese_final_biblioteca.pdf: 10701235 bytes, checksum: 1af9d6bb745e78ea9fe6b261b7baa59c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-08 / Nesta tese tratamos teoricamente algumas propriedades magnéticas e excita c~oes de spins em materiais ferromagn eticos e antiferromagn eticos com o objetivo de interpretar as medidas e observa c~oes experimentais. Usamos a formula c~ao de ondas de spins de Holstein-Primako para investigar propriedades da din^amica de propaga c~ao de ondas de spins no material ferrimagn etico YIG e tamb em no sistema antiferromagn etico FeF2. Para cada um deles, desenvolvemos modelos te oricos que permitiram ajustar as rela c~oes de dispers~ao de ondas de spins medidas experimentalmente nesses. Al em disso, investigamos a renormaliza c~ao da energia de m agnons usando o formalismo das fun c~oes de Green de dois tempos dependentes da temperatura de Bogoliubov-Tyablikov. A aplica c~ao para o YIG, permitiu calcular as varia c~oes da rela c~ao de dispers~ao para m agnons com a temperatura. Tamb em se investigou a renormaliza c~ao da energia de m agnons no sistema FeF2, mas esta vez considerando uma aproxima c~ao do tipo RPA1. Na renormaliza c~ao da energia foram consideradas duas contribui c~oes: exchange isotr opica tipo Heisenberg e anisotropia uniaxial. Em nossas considera c~oes, foi inclu da a depend^encia com a temperatura da anisotropia uniaxial que permitiu estimar o campo critico de transi c~ao de spin- op para o limite de estabilidade da fase antiferromagn etica. Tamb em, foi feito um estudo te orico e experimental da anisotropia magneto cristalina do material antiferromagn etico RbMnF3, baseado nas intera c~oes de campo cristalino e intera c~ao de spin- orbita, com o objetivo de calcular a varia c~ao com a temperatura do campo de spin- op. As ondas de spins em YIG foram estudadas em mais detalhes calculando as taxas de relaxa c~ao por processos de espalhamento de 3-m agnons e 4-m agnons. Igualmente foram estimadas empregando campos magn eticos intensos da ordem de 102 kOe. Finalmente, estudamos propriedades t ermicas de transporte de m agnons em YIG submetido a campos magn eticos intensos. Calculamos o calor 1Random Phase Approximation especi co de m agnons e a condutividade t ermica em baixas temperaturas e campos magn eticos externos intensos para serem comparados com as medidas experimentais encontrando um bom acordo entre teoria e experimento [145] / In this thesis we theoretically treat some magnetic properties and excitations of spins in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic materials in order to interpret measurements and experimental observations. We use the formulation of quantization of spin waves of Holstein-Primako to investigate properties of the spin wave propagation dynamics in the ferrimagnetic material YIG and also in the antiferromagnetic system FeF2. For each of them, we have developed theoretical models to adjust the dispersion relations of spin waves measured experimentally in these systems. In addition, we investigated the magnon energy renormalization using the formalism of two-time temperature dependent Green's functions of Bogoliubov-Tyablikov. The application for the YIG allowed calculate the variation of the dispersion relation for magnons with temperature. We also investigate the magnon energy renormalization in the system FeF2, but this time considering an approximation of the RPA type. In the energy renormalization were considered two contributions: exchange isotropic Heisenberg and uniaxial anisotropy type. In our calculations the temperature dependence of the uniaxial anisotropy eld allows estimating the critical spin- op transition for the antiferromagnetic phase stability limit. Also, we have undertaken a theoretical and experimental study of the magneto crystalline anisotropy of the antiferromagnetic material RbMnF3, based on the crystal eld interactions and spin-orbit interaction, in order to calculate the variation with temperature of the eld spin- op. The spin waves in YIG were studied in more detail calculating the relaxation rate due to 3-magnons and 4-magnons scattering processes considering strong magnetic elds of hundreds of kOe. Finally, we have studied thermal transport properties of magnons in YIG subject to intense magnetic elds. We have, calculate of the speci c heat and thermal conductivity of magnons at low temperatures and high elds to compare with the experimental measurements nding a good agreement between theory and experiment [145].

Práca sa zaoberá vývojom ďalekej infračervenej spektroskopie v silnom magnetickom poli. Kombinácia ďalekej infračervenej spektroskopie a silného magnetického poľa je veľmi dôležitým nástrojom pri charakterizácii materiálov, ako sú jedno-molekulové magnety. Predstavuje tiež ideálnu experimentálnu techniku, ktorá dokáže skúmať a objasniť vlastnosti nových 2D materiálov. Ďaleká infračervená spektroskopia v magnetickom poli taktiež umožňuje študovať elektrónovú paramagnetickú rezonanciu (EPR) jedno-molekulových magnetov s veľmi veľkým delením pri nulovom poli, hlavne na báze komplexov prechodných kovov alebo lantanoidov, v ktorých bežne používané EPR systémy neposkytujú experimentálny prístup k magnetickým rezonančným prechodom. V práci sú podrobne popísané dve zostavy ďaleko infračervených spektrometrov pripojené k supravodivým magnetom. Prvá opísaná zostava, ktoré sa nachádza na univerzite v Stuttgarte, je už zmontovaná a jej výkon je diskutovaný. Magneto-optické merania jedno-molekulových magnetov vykonané na tejto zostave sú predstavené. Druhá magneto-optická zostava čerpá zo skúseností získaných pri prvej zostave a je určená pre CEITEC.