This study was designed to compare the effects of two stress reduction programs on selected male and female Black African students, enrolled in a public two-year liberal arts college in Atlanta, Georgia. An additional purpose was to determine if significant differences existed between selected male and female Black African students in their stress levels. The participants consisted of 15 male and 18 female Black African students. The instrument used in this study for data collection was the Coping Resource Inventory (CRI). The research design for this study was quasi experimental, t-test and two-way Anova procedures were used to analyze the data. The results of the t-test at the .05 level of confidence showed significant difference between pre-and-post test results for the computerized stress reduction program.

The study is conducted in cooperation with a gender research group, at Mid Sweden University as a part of their larger study of gender equality within the organisation SCA. The purpose is to identify the challenges that females experience as leaders within male-dominated industries. The research approach is based on social constructivism philosophy and with an abductive reasoning approach. The empirical data were gathered with a qualitative method, usinginterviews as a research tool. The analysis was conducted with temple analysis method. The research’s findings showed that the organisation had a stereotype of a leader that connects the ideal leader to the male stereotype, that creates challenges for females in leading positions. It also indicated that the organisation had masculine structures and that it values employee’s that are being decisive, competitive, result-focused, etc. The research result also indicated that thestereotypes in the organisation are creating challenges for females in both operating abilities and challenges with advancing/get employment as a leader.

The dynamics of pathogen and host relationships relative to disease transmission in wildlife populations are important ecological processes to understand, particularly since spatial dynamics of disease can be driven by movement, behavior, and dispersal of animals. Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) is an example of this important interface, where little is known regarding origin of the disease or routes of transmission. Surveillance data for CWD in free-ranging mule deer indicates that breeding-age male deer have 2-4 times higher prevalence rates than females or younger age males. In an effort to understand differences that might increase risk for exposure to CWD infective agents, I used GPS data to examine breeding behavior and home range sizes of mule 11 deer. GPS radiocollars were placed on adult (> 2 ½ years) males, females, and young ( < 2 ½ years) males. Data collected during the breeding season was used to infer visitation rates of males to females. Cluster analysis was used to separate data into periods of movement (spatio-temporal clusters) and non-movement. Females formed more spatio-temporal clusters and movement paths than males. However, males spent more time moving, had more long-term periods of movement, moved an estimated 1 km/day more than females, and had more tortuous movement paths. Male home ranges for winter, summer, and breeding seasons were also larger than those of females. Overall, data indicates that males may have an increased risk of exposure to CWD relative to females, because of larger movements and greater space use. These male behavioral differences may result in increased encounter rates with CWD infectious material through greater exposure in the environment to sources such as carcasses from infected animals, their excreta, or contaminated soils. Furthermore, during the breeding season increased male sociality, as suggested by increased movement rates and movement path tortuousity, combined with larger space use may further enhance direct contact with infected individuals and increase exposure to excreta sources such as feces and alimentary secretions due to licking and tending behaviors.

Family-of-origin aggression (FOOA) is an established risk factor for adult partner aggression. The research presented in this thesis tested a model proposing that (FOOA) is mediated through attachment and attributions to influence male and female partner aggression and withdrawal in early stage couple relationships. Study 1 tested the influence of FOOA, attachment, and attributions on partner aggression in a sample of 73 newlywed couples. FOOA was associated with male-to-female aggression, but not female-to-male aggression. Therefore the hypothesis that the influence of FOOA on partner aggression was mediated through attachment and attributions was tested only for men. Attachment was significantly associated with attributions, but there was no association between FOOA and attachment or between attributions and male partner aggression. Study 2 tested the influence of FOOA, attachment, and attributions on partner aggression and withdrawal in a sample of 101 dating couples. Structural equation model analyses found different results for men and women. For male partner aggression, the influence of FOOA was partially mediated through attachment and attributions. For male withdrawal, the influence of FOOA on withdrawal was fully mediated through attachment and attributions. The association between FOOA and withdrawal was also mediated through attachment independent of attributions, and through attributions independent of attachment. For female partner aggression and female withdrawal, the predicted associations were found for the attachment anxiety models but not for the attachment avoidance models. The current findings suggest that attachment and attributions should be intervention targets for improving relationship outcomes. The gender differences in model fit emphasise the importance of investigating risk factors for partner aggression and withdrawal separately for men and women.

<p>Syftet med studien var att undersöka sjuksköterskors upplevelser av vilken betydelse genus har i skapandet av en yrkesidentitet. Ett så kallat snöbollsurval användes för att hitta lämpliga informanter. Intervjuer genomfördes på fyra manliga och fyra kvinnliga sjuksköterskor. Vid analysen framkom sex kategorier, Yrkesvalet, Avsaknad av manliga förebilder, Yrkestitel, Heteronormativa ideal, Synen på manliga sjuksköterskors inträde i yrket samt Innebörden av omvårdnad. Resultatet visade att idealbilden av en sjuksköterska fortfarande ses som en vårdande, moderlig och omhändertagande kvinna, vilket sågs som den gemensamma förklaringen till varför fler kvinnor än män väljer att utbilda sig till sjuksköterskor. Detta medför att manliga sjuksköterskor har färre förebilder inom yrket och därmed andra förutsättningar att forma en yrkesidentitet. Informanterna upplevde skillnader i förväntningar på kvinnliga respektive manliga sjuksköterskor samt olika föreställningar om hur en sjuksköterska ska vara beroende på kön. I fråga om status och lön delade informanterna åsikten om att fler män inom yrket skulle vara gynnande.</p> / <p>The aim of this study was to explore nurse’s experiences on what significance gender has in creating a professional identity. Snowball sampling was used to find appropriate informants. Interviews were executed on four male and four female nurses. From the analysis six categories emerged, Choice of profession, Lack of male role models, Working title, Heteronormativity as an ideal, the View on male nurse’s entry into the profession and the Meaning of nursing care. The result demonstrated that the ideal of a nurse is still perceived as a caring, maternal and tending woman. This was seen as the common explanation to why there are more women then men who choose to study to become a nurse. This results in male nurses having fewer role models within the profession thus different conditions when it comes to forming a professional identity. The informants experienced differences in expectations on female and male nurses and also different ides on what a nurse should be like depending on gender. In the matter of status and reward there was an agreement among the informants that more men within the profession would be beneficial.</p>

Syftet med studien var att undersöka sjuksköterskors upplevelser av vilken betydelse genus har i skapandet av en yrkesidentitet. Ett så kallat snöbollsurval användes för att hitta lämpliga informanter. Intervjuer genomfördes på fyra manliga och fyra kvinnliga sjuksköterskor. Vid analysen framkom sex kategorier, Yrkesvalet, Avsaknad av manliga förebilder, Yrkestitel, Heteronormativa ideal, Synen på manliga sjuksköterskors inträde i yrket samt Innebörden av omvårdnad. Resultatet visade att idealbilden av en sjuksköterska fortfarande ses som en vårdande, moderlig och omhändertagande kvinna, vilket sågs som den gemensamma förklaringen till varför fler kvinnor än män väljer att utbilda sig till sjuksköterskor. Detta medför att manliga sjuksköterskor har färre förebilder inom yrket och därmed andra förutsättningar att forma en yrkesidentitet. Informanterna upplevde skillnader i förväntningar på kvinnliga respektive manliga sjuksköterskor samt olika föreställningar om hur en sjuksköterska ska vara beroende på kön. I fråga om status och lön delade informanterna åsikten om att fler män inom yrket skulle vara gynnande. / The aim of this study was to explore nurse’s experiences on what significance gender has in creating a professional identity. Snowball sampling was used to find appropriate informants. Interviews were executed on four male and four female nurses. From the analysis six categories emerged, Choice of profession, Lack of male role models, Working title, Heteronormativity as an ideal, the View on male nurse’s entry into the profession and the Meaning of nursing care. The result demonstrated that the ideal of a nurse is still perceived as a caring, maternal and tending woman. This was seen as the common explanation to why there are more women then men who choose to study to become a nurse. This results in male nurses having fewer role models within the profession thus different conditions when it comes to forming a professional identity. The informants experienced differences in expectations on female and male nurses and also different ides on what a nurse should be like depending on gender. In the matter of status and reward there was an agreement among the informants that more men within the profession would be beneficial.

ABSTRACT This study aims to investigate the possible relationship between the differences of the male and female brain and vocabulary learning strategies of male and female students. For this purpose, a study has been carried out with a group of 200 students attending the Preparatory Program at TOBB University of Economics and Technology. This study initially aims to identify the differences between the biology of the male and female brain as well as the hormones influencing the memory and vocabulary retention. This information will then be applied to the vocabulary learning strategies of males and females. In order to identify the strategies used by males and females, a questionnaire was administered to a group of students attending the Preparatory Program at TOBB Economy and Technology University. Before the main study, the questionnaire was administered as a pilot study with 50 students from the same achievement group. After the pilot study of the questionnaire / validity, reliability and factor analysis studies were carried out. All of these subjects were at the same level of proficiency. The relationship between the genders and their vocabulary learning strategies was studied according to the results of the study through statistical evaluation through t-test analysis on SPSS. The data collected through the questionnaire were analyzed by comparing them to the literature suggesting the differences between the male and female brain characteristics. As the result of this study, it has been found out that females use more variety of strategies than males. Females have been found to employ determination, social, and cognitive strategies more frequently than males while males employ memory strategies more than females. In addition, there was not a statistically significant difference between the use of metacognitive strategies of male and female participants.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

This thesis deals with male and female identity in contemporary society, with narrower focus on its presentation in television commercials. The aim of the work is the realization of content analysis, aiming at depicting the characters of men and women in television commercials. Theoretical part of the thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter describes the general theoretical basis of this thesis. The second and third chapter deals with the specifics of male and female identity. The fourth chapter describes the research method of content analysis and presents the objectives and research hypotheses. The analytical part of the work examines the representation of men and women in television commercials at two levels - at the level of main characters, and at the level of commercials. The final part of the analytical part interprets the research results of analysis.

This master's thesis analyses the influence of female characters on male characters in the work of P. Corneille, partly in relation to the evolution of Doubrovsky's cornelian heroism, whose theory it extends. The research concerns the plays Mélite, Médée and The Cid. The definition of the female influence continues through characterizing female characters in their relationship with male characters. Concerning the male characters, the thesis shows the female effect and the males' reactions to it. Here we can see the first traits of cornelian heroism. The female characters cause the male characters to suffer. The first reason for this is the desire of the male characters. The second reason lies in the overall weakness or, paradoxically, in the strength of their character. The male characters also have something else in common - a desire for revenge. A woman weakens the male hero, making him a slave to her will. So, the hero learns how to repel her strength. In the end, only his heroic ambitions influence him. The woman then only motivates him. The plays Mélite and Médée have not been translated into Czech yet. Therefore, this thesis extends the Czech reader's general knowledge and opens up new possibilities to approaching Corneille's work.