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Navigating Inward and Outward Through DepressionRamirez, Jeffery L January 2007 (has links)
The phenomena of men and depression is poorly understood. Men continue to be under diagnosed with depression but commit suicide four times the rate of women. This grounded theory study explored the psychosocial processes that occurred in men who suffered from depression. There were a total of nine men who participated in this study who ranged in age, educational level, and marital status. Eleven interviews were conducted with nine men.The theory that emerged from this study was Navigating Inward and Outward Through Depression. The process of navigating was the core concept and defined as a process of moving through depression and having to steer one's life in different directions in order to move in and out of the stages of depression. The first stage was: Being Different. In this stage the men attempted to share their feelings, but were constantly rejected by society came to believe that nobody cared or nobody would understand their feelings. The second stage, Concealing Feelings, refers to how the men learned to navigate out of stage one and into stage two of learning to hide their internal feelings and thoughts. The third stage, Disconnecting, was defined as the way the men would numb their emotional pain. As their emotional pain became more intense, the concealing no longer worked. The men used external behaviors to physically numb their pain. The fourth stage, Hitting Bottom, refers to the men losing hope for their future and wanting to give up on life. The men had thoughts of suicide or thoughts that death would be an option to relieve the emotional pain. The fifth stage, Acknowledging and Confronting, refers to the ability to acknowledge they were depressed and understand how depression was affecting their lives.
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Validation of the Edinburgh Gotland Depression Scale for Swedish fathersSvenlin, Niklas January 2015 (has links)
Paternal postnatal depression has begun to receive attention during the last decade. Studies have shown that the consequences of paternal and maternal postnatal depression are equally serious. There are currently no validated instrument for screening of paternal postnatal depression. In this cross-sectional study a self-report questionnaire, the Edinburgh Gotland Depression Scale (EGDS) is validated against the clinical interview SCID-CV as gold standard, and is further developed. A convenience sample of Swedish fathers (N = 95) who had children in the past year, answered an online questionnaire and a subsample (n = 52) of them were later interviewed with the SCID-CV. The revised EGDS showed improved criterion-related validity, sensitivity and specificity. The scale has problems disciminating between mildly and non-depressed fathers. A cut-off score of ≥8 on the revised EGDS results in sensitivity of 91.7 per cent and specificity of 85.0 per cent. This study should be replicated and cross-validated to provide further evidence of validity. / Postnatal depression hos fäder har börjat uppmärksammas under det senaste decenniet. Studier har visat att konsekvenserna av postnatal depression hos fäder och mödrar är lika allvarliga. Det finns för närvarande inga validerade instrument för screening av postnatal depression hos fäder. I denna tvärsnittsstudie har självskattningsformuläret, Edinburgh Gotland Depression Scale (EGDS) valideras mot den kliniska intervjun SCID-CV som gold standard, och vidareutvecklas. Ett bekvämlighetsurval av svenska fäder (N = 95) som fått barn under det senaste året, besvarade en webbenkät och en undergrupp (n = 52) av dem blev senare intervjuade med SCID-CV. Det reviderade EGDS visade förbättrad kriteriumrelaterad validitet, sensitivitet och specificitet. Skalan har problem med att diskriminera mellan milt och icke-deprimerade pappor. En cut-off poäng ≥8 för den reviderade EGDS resulterar i sensitivitet på 91,7 procent och specificitet på 85,0 procent. Denna studie bör replikeras och korsvalideras för att ge ytterligare belägg för validiteten.
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