Thesis (PhD (School of Public Management and Planning))—-Stellenbosch University, 2008. / The aim of the study is to develop an appropriate Organisational Development (OD) approach to optimise the capacity of Community-Based Organisations (CBOs) and promote Community and Civil Society Development. The following research question is examined: In what ways can OD be a suitable approach to build the capacity of CBOs and thus have an impact on Community and Civil Society Development? The study is motivated by current development challenges in South Africa1 and the role civil society can play to represent citizens’ interests in relation to state and market2. As part of civil society, CBOs are generally recognised as pivotal stakeholders in the South African development context3, but are in reality marginalised and unable to assert themselves in the development sector. Furthermore Development Theory shows that theorists have in the recent past increasingly advocated for ‘democratisation of development’, enabling previously marginalised people to participate in development processes and therefore gain power over these. Although not widely practised reality yet, ‘People centred’ and ‘Participatory development’ as bottom-up and endogenous versions of development are being promoted as sustainable development paradigms. They emphasise the importance of building capacity of civil-society organisations4. OD as an approach to development and capacity building collaborates with the goals of a people centred development and the strengthening of civil society organisations, and is “in line with several participative approaches to development”5. It is, however, relevant to cultivate a “new development practitioner”, who is competent to facilitate capacity-building processes, which will meaningfully impact at the grassroots level6. The study is guided by a postmodern philosophy and stems from a phenomenological as well as transformative approach by applying a Goethean phenomenology, Action Research, Grounded Theory, Complexity Theory and various qualitative research methodologies, such as case study work with three CBOs; and semi-structured interviews with CBOs, community leaders, OD practitioners and academics. Furthermore the research includes a sociological examination of the current development context and paradigms, and their impact in post Apartheid South Africa. During the research, findings were engaged with by a discussion forum. The research findings included the discussion of themes, which emerged through the Grounded Theory approach: ∗ CBO capacity, by examining how capacity is interpreted at a CBO level in relation to inherent capacities; ∗ Leadership, and the role of pioneer leaders in CBOs; and ∗ Relationships, within CBOs as well as with their broader environment. These themes were understood as relevant when aiming to develop CBO capacity as well as engaging with the broader capacity development sector. Further, principles and approaches for OD at a CBO level are proposed, which are ultimately related through their view of organisations as complex social systems, their emphasis on learning, and the critical examination of power asymmetries. It is intended that this study contributes to development practice concerning CBO development within and beyond South Africa. Ultimately the study aims to influence current development paradigms and contribute to an enabling development context and the building of a strong and proactive civil society.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2011 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is a popular instrument for public service delivery. It is important that public managers will be able to recognize when a PPP would be an appropriate service delivery option, and will be able to maximize a PPP‘s chances of success when it is the chosen service delivery instrument. The research question addressed in this dissertation is: ―What are the critical factors that can be replicated that separate successful PPPs from PPPs that do not deliver or that collapse? In this dissertation critical success factors for PPPs are identified through a step-by-step process in which different sources of success factors are analysed and where successively identified sets of success factors are compared and combined in a repetitive layered process of synthesis. A list of success factors is created and expanded through an iterative process of evaluation, removal of duplications, combination of related success factors and listing of unique success factors. Success factors are found in literature while describing the PPP concept and partnership mechanics and management. Success factors are identified in partnership literature, in public governance literature, in private sector collaboration literature, in entrepreneurial studies and in a collection of perspectives on success. These perspectives include those of stakeholders, of private operators, of the third sector as well as perspectives from disciplines and knowledge and practice frameworks such as project management, corporate governance, enterprise risk management and organisational design. Additional success factors are identified in a discussion on the evaluation of partnerships, where it is shown that success factors can be derived from evaluation based on characterization, from partnership definitions, from the perspective of programme evaluation, from measuring the performance of business improvement districts, from alternating focus partnership evaluation (sector by sector, theme-based, local-level) and from service delivery evaluation. The evaluation of partnership examples also provides insight into success factors. The final filtering and synthesis of evidence uses the results of questionnaires, from which success factors are derived, to conduct a final distillation and produce the final list of success factors identified. A total of 466 individual success factors are identified in this dissertation, these factors are grouped into 43 distinct categories. The two most critical success factors for PPPs are identified as firstly delivering a publicly needed service and secondly achieving the objectives of the partnership. The answer to the research question described above is that critically, two conditions must be met to make a PPP successful, and that is that the goals of the PPP must be achieved and that a public need must be satisfied. There are many additional success factors which can further define success and degrees of success, all of which are descriptions of desired conditions from the perspective of stakeholders. The exploratory and hypothesis-generating study culminates in a hypothesis that states that if public managers are faced with a choice of service delivery options, and the use of a PPP is one option, and if the manager applies the categories of recommended critical success factors identified in this dissertation, the manager will be able to determine whether a PPP would be an appropriate service delivery vehicle, and furthermore, if PPP is chosen as service delivery vehicle, the public manager would, through the application of the success factors identified in this dissertation, have a greater chance of successful implementation of the PPP through purposeful collaboration. The study contributes to the public management body of knowledge by covering new ground in terms of the evaluation and management of public-private partnerships. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Publiek-Privaat Vennootskappe (PPVe) is 'n gewilde instrument vir die lewering van openbare dienste. Dit is belangrik dat openbare bestuurders sal weet wanneer 'n PPV 'n goeie opsie sal wees vir openbare dienslewering en hoe om 'n PPV se geleentheid vir sukses te verhoog as dit die gekose dienslewerings-instrument is. Die navorsings-vraag wat in hierdie proefskrif aangespreek word is: Wat is die kritieke sukses-faktore wat gerepliseer kan word wat suksesvolle PPVe onderskei van PPVe wat nie presteer nie of wat ineenstort? In hierdie proefskrif word kritieke suksesfaktore vir PPVe geïdentifiseer deur 'n stap-vir-stap proses waardeur verskillende bronne van suksesfaktore ge-analiseer word en agtereenvolgende stelle van suksesfaktore vergelyk en gekombineer word in 'n herhalende, gelaagde proses van sintese. 'n Lys van suksesfaktore word geskep en uitgebrei deur ‗n iteratiewe proses van evaluasie, die verwydering van herhalings, die kombinasie van verwante faktore en die lys van unieke faktore. Suksesfaktore word gevind in literatuur terwyl die PPV konsep en vennootskap meganismes en -bestuur beskryf word. Suksesfaktore word geïdentifiseer in vennootskap literatuur, in openbare bestuur literatuur, in privaatsektor samewerkingsliteratuur, in entrepeneur studies en in 'n versameling perspektiewe op sukses. Hierdie perspektiewe sluit in die van belanghoudendes, van private operateurs, van die derde sektor sowel as perspektiewe van dissiplines en kennis en praktyk raamwerke soos projekbestuur, korporatiewe bestuur, ondernemingsrisikobestuur en organisatoriese ontwerp. Bykomende suksesfaktore word geïdentifiseer in 'n bespreking oor die evaluasie van vennootskappe, waar dit aangedui word dat suksesfaktore afgelei kan word van karakter-gebaseerde evaluasie, van die prestasiemeting van besigheidsverbeteringsdistrikte ("Business Improvement Districts"), van alternatiewelik-fokusende vennootskap-evaluasie (sektor-vir-sektor, tema-gebasseerd, plaaslike vlak) en van dienslewerings-evaluasie. Die evaluering van vennootskap voorbeelde voorsien ook insig in suksesfaktore. Die finale filtrasie en sintese van bewyse gebruik vraelyste, waarvandaan suksesfaktore afgelei word, vir 'n finale distillasie en die saamstel van 'n finale lys van geïdentifiseerde suksesfaktore. In totaal word 466 indiwiduele suksesfaktore in hierdie proefskrif geïdentifiseer, wat in 43 aparte kategorieë gegroepeer word. Die twee mees kritieke suksesfaktore wat uitgewys word is om eerstens 'n benodigde publieke of openbare behoefte te bevredig of diens te lewer, en tweedens om die doelwitte van die vennootskap te bereik. Die antwoord op die navorsings-vraag wat hierbo beskryf word is dat daar krities aan twee voorwaardes voldoen moet word om 'n PPV susksevol te maak, en dit is dat die vennootskap se doelwitte moet bereik word en dat ‗n openbare behoefte bevredig moet word. Daar is verskeie bykomende suksesfaktore wat sukses en die mate van sukses verder kan definieer, waarvan almal beskrywings is van verlangde toestande uit die oogpunt van belanghebbendes. Die uitset van die verkennende en hipotese-vormende studie is 'n hipotese wat lei dat, indien openbare bestuurders met 'n keuse van dienslewerings opsies gekonfronteer word, en indien die gebruik van 'n PPV een van hierdie opsies is, en indien die bestuurder dan die kategorieë van voorgestelde suksesfaktore wat in hierdie proefskrif geïdentiseer is toepas, sal dit vir die bestuurder moontlik wees om te bepaal of 'n PPV 'n toepaslike diensleweringsvoertuig kan wees, en verder dat, indien 'n PPV die gekose diensleweringsvoertuig is, die openbare bestuurder deur die toepassing van die susksesfaktore wat in hierdie proefskrif geïdentifiseer is 'n groter kans sal hê vir suksesvolle implementering van die PPV deur doelgerigte samewerking.

Thesis (MPhil (Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Increasing inroads by the citizenry, at least in the Western paradigm for the past half millennium, has marked the history of the state as far as accountability is concerned. This process eventually culminated in the modern republican or associated form of democratic governance. Central to this evolutionary process was the notion of the ‘Social Contract’, famously nurtured by the late Enlightenment French philosophers. This concept relies on the notion that the state is crucial for civilized life, yet its power has to be curbed to avoid draconian excesses of power. An analogous process, it might be argued, exists in relation to the citizen-corporate social relationship: that this should come to be governed by what could be termed the ‘Socio-Corporate Contract.’ At present, the great majority of resources are mobilized by private entities, albeit at times in relation to the state, where the state plays a merely facilitating role (Cavanagh et al. 2003; Krasner 2001). This inherently goes to the core of any equity argument. The majority of resources on the planet that are mobilized by and transformed for human consumption: democratically viewed, the citizenry should have some or other governing say over the way in which the majority of resources are mobilized and the manner in which the accrued benefits are distributed (Sachs 2002). Marxist as it may sound, the foundation of such an argument could conceivably, and probably ironically, be traced back to the same type of philosophical foundations that spawned the libertarian republicanism upon which so many of our political Rechtstaat-values are inherently based. From this perspective such a ‘Socio-Corporate Contract’ seems essential, if not inevitable. The form that it would take, though, will probably continue to haunt our governors and rebels alike in the decades to come (Hutton 1995; Also see: The King Report on Corporate Governance in South Africa 2002).

Thesis (MScVoedselwet)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of age (adult, sub-adult and lamb), gender (male and female) and production region on the morphological characteristics of springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis). In addition, the effects of the latter on the physical, chemical and sensory quality of the M. longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were determined. Where applicable, correlations within the various physical and chemical attributes of the meat were verified in the experiments. The sensory ratings of the meat were correlated with the data on the physical and chemical attributes of the LD muscle, where applicable. The mean live mass of male and female adult springbok differed significantly (p < 0.05) and averaged 31.7 ± 0.70 and 28.3 ± 0.60 kg respectively. Gender had no significant effect on the mean live mass of the sub-adult category. The mean dressing percentage of the males (58.83 ± 0.53%) was noted to be significantly higher than that of the females (55.79 ± 0.50%). The lambs (58.98 ± 1.07%) had the highest dressing percentage of all the age categories. An increase in carcass measurements was noted with an increase in animal age. Gender did not have a significant (p > 0.05) effect on the carcass measurements. Inverse correlations were noted between pH24 and drip loss (r = -0.26, p < 0.01) and cooking loss (r = -0.42, p < 0.0001) of the LD muscle. It was noted that stressed animals had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher ultimate pH24 (6.30 ± 0.07), as observed in the meat originating from the Caledon region and this meat consequently had a significantly (p < 0.05) lower cooking loss (27.18 ± 0.62%) and drip loss (1.79 ± 0.08%). Meat shear force values ranged between 1.67 ± 0.05 and 2.67 ± 0.16 kg. 1.27 cm-1 diameter. Age-related effects on tenderness were found to be minor in comparison to pH24 effects. The females (3.13 ± 0.28%) were noted to have a significantly (p < 0.05) higher fat content than the males (1.35 ± 0.08%). The adult (2.45 ± 0.26%) and sub-adult (2.50 ± 0.28%) animals had a significantly higher fat content in comparison with the lambs (1.32 ± 0.11%). The protein content of the springbok meat originating from the four production regions varied between 18.80 ± 0.35 and 21.16 ± 0.51%. Gender had no significant effect on the protein content, except for the meat originating from Rustfontein Nature Reserve where the females had a significantly higher protein content. The two major amino acids noted for springbok LD muscle were glutamic and aspartic acid. Phosphorous was the predominant mineral, followed by potassium and calcium. Production region had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on both the amino acid and mineral content of the meat. The saturated fatty acid (SFA) content of the LD muscle contributed 38.40 to 42.69% of the total identified fatty acids. The poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content (36.34 - 40.98%) of the meat was very close to this range, meaning that optimal polyunsaturated to saturated (P:S) ratios (0.96 - 1.18) were present. The effects of age and gender on the fatty acid composition were minor in comparison with regional effects. Warner-Bratzler Shear force (kg. 1.27 cm-1 diameter) values were inversely correlated with the following sensory attributes: tenderness (r = -0.70, p < 0.01), residual tissue (r = -0.68, p < 0.01) and sustained juiciness (r = -0.43, p < 0.05). Decreased acceptance of the meat was noted with an increase in ultimate pH (pH24) from 5.4 to 5.8. As the ultimate pH of the meat increased, the rankings for tenderness (r = -0.46, p < 0.05) and sustained juiciness (r = -0.54, p < 0.05) decreased significantly. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie ondersoek was om die invloed van ouderdom, geslag en produksie area op die morfologiese eienskappe van springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) te evalueer. Die effek van laasgenoemde faktore op die fisiese, chemiese en sensoriese kwaliteit van die M. longissimus dorsi (LD) is ook ondersoek. Korrelasies in die fisiese en chemiese eienskappe van die vleis is bestudeer. Die resultate van die sintuiglike evaluering van die vleis is gekorreleer met die fisiese en chemiese data van die LD spier, indien van toepassing. Die gemiddelde gewig van die manlike (31.7 ± 0.70 kg) en vroulike (28.2 ± 0.60 kg) diere het betekenisvol (p < 0.05) verskil. Geslag het geen betekenisvolle effek op die gemiddelde gewig van die sub-volwasse diere getoon nie. Die gemiddelde uitslag persentasie van die manlike diere (58.83 ± 0.53%) was betekenisvol (p < 0.05) hoër in vergelyking met die vroulike diere (55.79 ± 0.50%). Met ‘n toename in ouderdom is ‘n toename in karkas metings waargeneem. Geslag het geen effek op die karkas metings getoon nie. Negatiewe korrelasies is genoteer tussen die finale pH (pH24) en drupverlies (r = -0.26, p < 0.05) en tussen pH24 en kookverlies (r = -0.42, p < 0.0001) van die LD spier. Gestresde diere van die Caledon area het ‘n betekenisvolle (p < 0.05) hoër pH24 (6.30 ± 0.07) getoon en gevolglik ‘n laer (p < 0.05) kookverlies (27.18 ± 0.62%) en drupverlies (1.79 ± 0.08%). Die skeurkrag waardes van die LD spier het gewissel van 1.67 ± 0.05 tot 2.67 ± 0.16 kg. 1.27 cm-1 diameter. Die effek van ouderdom op taaiheid was klein in vergelyking met die effek van pH24. Die vroulike diere (3.13 ± 0.28%) het ‘n hoër (p < 0.05) vetinhoud as die manlike diere (1.35 ± 0.08%) getoon. Die volwasse (2.45 ± 0.26%) en sub-volwasse (2.50 ± 0.28%) diere se vetinhoud was hoër as die van die lammers (1.32 ± 0.11%). The proteininhoud het gewissel van 18.80 ± 0.35 tot 21.16 ± 0.51%. Geslag het geen effek (p > 0.05) getoon op die proteieninhoud, behalwe vir die vleis van die Rustfontein Natuur Reservaat. Glutamien en aspartien suur was kwantitatief die belangrikste aminosure. Fosfor was die belangrikste mineraal, gevolg deur kalium en kalsium. Produksie area het ‘n betekenisvolle (p < 0.05) effek op die aminosuur en mineraalinhoud getoon. Die versadigde vetsuur (SFA) inhoud het gewissel van 38.40 tot 42.69% van die totale geïdentifiseerde vetsure. Die poli-onversadigde vetsuur (PUFA) inhoud het gewissel van 36.34 tot 40.98% en daarom is optimale poli-onversadigde tot versadigde (P:S) verhoudings (0.96 - 1.18) genoteer. Die effek van ouderdom en geslag op die vetsuursamestelling was minimaal in vergelyking met die effek van produksie-area. Warner-Bratzler skeurkrag (kg. 1.27 cm-1 diameter) waardes was negatief gekorreleer met die volgende sensoriese eienskappe: taaiheid (r = -0.70, p < 0.01), residuweefsel (r = -0.68, p < 0.01) en volgehoue sappigheid (r = -0.43, p < 0.05). Daar is ‘n afname in die aanvaarbaarheid van die vleis waargeneem met ‘n toename in pH24 van 5.4 tot 5.8. Met ‘n toename in pH24, het die taaiheid (r = -0.46, p < 0.05) en volgehoue sappigheid (r = -0.54, p < 0.05) van die vleis afgeneem

Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The implementation of national policies is a key function of government through its various departments. This is very crucial in the health sector where lives of individuals are involved. The implementation of the national HIV/AIDS policy is very important in dealing with the epidemic. This study combined both quantitative and qualitative methods to analyse the implementation of the South African government’s national HIV/AIDS policy in the Vhembe District of the Limpopo Province. The quantitative phase involved the stratified sampling process, resulting in identifying 2 health workers from each of the 25 health units in the district comprising of 22 community clinics, the infection control unit, the counselling unit at the hospital and 2 from among the doctors. A total of fifty respondents were selected from a workforce of about 500. The staff profile indicates that 76 % of the health workers interviewed were below 40 years of age and 28% of them were chief professional nurses. Of the health workers, 78 % had been in the current position for between 1 and 5 years, 6 % for 6 to 10 years, 6 % for 16 or more years and 10 % for less than one year. All of them had a diploma as a minimum qualification, 8 % had 2 diplomas, 2 % had 3 or more diplomas, 2% had degrees and 2 % had a degree plus diplomas. In terms of HIV/AIDS policy implementation, 100% of all the facilities provided HIV prevention information to clients, 60% of these facilities worked with other organisations in HIV prevention, but only 4% had voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) services. In these health units only 28% had had staff trained regarding HIV/AIDS issues. In addition 96 % of the health units had the male condom stocked at any one time and only 12 % stocked the female condom. In terms of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) control, all clinics were using the syndromic approach in management of STDs and also claimed to have youth-friendly services. On the other hand only 80 % of the facilities had had staff trained in STD management using the syndromic approach. In the area of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, (PMTCT) none of the clinics had VCT services for pregnant women and only 8% of them had PMTCT counsellors. Because of the lack of VCT services only 4% of the clinics had known HIV positive mothers attending the antenatal care services. On the issue of post-exposure prophylaxis (P.E.P.) all clinics had protocols for this and 88% of them had antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) stocked for post-exposure treatment for health workers. However, only 8% of these clinics had a betadine douche as the only post-exposure intervention for raped women. In the area of treatment care and support for patients none of these clinics offered ARVs, 24 % had protocols for prevention and management of opportunistic infections, 4% were involved in any form of home-based care, 4% had HIV/AIDS dedicated services and 24% collaborated with community non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in HIV/AIDS care. The qualitative phase of the study highlighted what health workers perceived as prominent features of the national HIV/AIDS policy and these included prevention of HIV by use of condoms, faithfulness and pre-test counselling. The respondents also interpreted the social response by government to include provision of home-based care, care of orphans, food provision and safe guarding rights of victims. Other issues that were perceived to be part of the national HIV/AIDS policy were STD management, health education, provision of training to health workers in HIV/AIDS issues, provision of home-based care and occupational health and safety for health workers. The government was also perceived to have a negative attitude towards AIDS NGOs, not providing adequate numbers of the female condom and denying patients antiretroviral drugs (ARVs). The recommendations made on the basis of the study therefore include strengthening the training of health workers in HIV/AIDS care and management, improved provision of VCT services, wider distribution of the female condom, provision of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) services and the linking of research and care to provide evidence-based practice. Other recommendations are that there should be support programmes for health workers with HIV, addressing gender issues in implementation and provision of ARVs especially where it is already known that they help. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die implementering van nasionale beleid is ‘n sleutelfunksie van die regering, verrig deur sy onderskeie departemente. Dit is veral deurslaggewend in die gesondheidsektor waar die lewens van individue op die spel is en die implementering van die nasionale MIV/VIGS- beleid is baie belangrik in die hantering van die epidemie. In hierdie studie is beide kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe metodes gekombineer om implementering van die Suid-Afrikaanse regering se nasionale MIV/VIGS -beleid in die Vhembe-distrik van die Limpopo-provinsie te analiseer. Die kwantitatiewe fase het ‘n gestratifiseerde steekproefproses behels, wat gelei het tot die identifisering van 2 gesondheidswerkers uit elk van die 25 gesondheidseenhede in die distrik, bestaande uit 22 gemeenskapsklinieke, die infeksie-beheereenheid, die beradingseenheid by die hospitaal en die geledere van die dokters. So is ‘n totaal van 50 respondente geselekteer uit ‘n arbeidmag van ongeveer 500. Die personeelprofiel dui aan dat 76% van die gesondheidswerkers wat ondervra is jonger as 40 jaar was en dat 28% van hulle hoof professionele verpleegsters was. Van die gesondheidswerkers was 78% vir 1 tot 5 jaar in hul bestaande posisie , 6% vir 6 tot 10 jaar, 6% vir 16 of meer jare en 10% vir minder as 1 jaar. Almal van hulle het ‘n diploma as ‘n minimum kwalifikasie gehad, 8% het 2 diplomas, 2% het 3 of meer diplomas, 2% het grade en 2% het ‘n graad plus diplomas gehad. In terme van die MIV/VIGS beleidsimplementering het 100% van die fasiliteite MIV- voorkomingsinligting aan kliënte verskaf, 60% van hierdie fasiliteite in samewerking met ander organisasies , terwyl slegs 4% vrywillige berading en toetsdienste verskaf het. Slegs 28% van die gesondheidseenhede het oor personeel beskik met opleiding in MIV/VIGSkwessies. Verder het 96% van die gesondheidseenhede die manlike kondoom in voorraad gehad teenoor slegs 12% eenhede die vroulike kondoom. In terme van die seksueel-oordraagbare siektebeheer, het al die klinieke die sindroom-benadering in die bestuur van seksueel- oordraagbare siektes toegepas en het beweer dat hulle dienste jeugvriendelik is. Daarteenoor het slegs 80% van die fasiliteite beskik oor personeel wat opgelei was in seksueel- oordraagbare siektebestuur met toepassing van die sindroombenadering. Op die terrein van voorkoming van moeder- na- kind- oordraging van HIV het geen van die klinieke oor vrywillige berading en toetsdienste vir swanger vroue beskik nie en slegs 8% van hulle het wel moeder-na-kind– oordragingsberaders gehad. As gevolg van die gebrek aan vrywillige berading en toetsdienste het slegs 4% van die klinieke kennis gedra van HIV- positiewe moeders wat voorgeboortelike sorgdienste bygewoon het. Wat na-blootstellingsvoorbehoeding aanbetref, het alle klinieke protokolle gehad en 88% het antiretrovirale medisyne in voorraad gehad vir nablootstellingsbehandeling van gesondheidswerkers. Slegs 8% van hierdie klinieke het egter ‘n betadine-spoeling(“douche”) as die enigste nablootstelling intervensie vir verkragte vroue gehad. Op die gebied van die behandeling van en ondersteuning aan pasiënte het geen van hierdie klinieke die antiretrovirale medisyne aangebied nie, 24% het protokolle vir die voorkoming en bestuur van geleentheidsinfeksies gehad, 4% was betrokke in enige vorm van tuisgebaseerde sorg, 4% het oor MIV/VIGS -gerigte dienste beskik en 24% het met gemeenskapsvrywilligerorganisasies saamgewerk in die voorsiening van MIV/VIGS-sorg. Die kwalitatiewe fase van die studie fokus op wat gesondheidswerkers beskou as prominente kenmerke van die nasionale MIV/VIGS- beleid en wat insluit die voorkoming van HIV deur die gebruik van kondome, getrouheid en voortoets- berading. Die respondente vertolk die regering se sosiale reaksie as insluitend die verskaffing van tuisgebaseerde sorg, die versorging van weeskinders, voedselvoorsiening en die beveiliging van slagoffers se regte. Ander kwessies wat ook gesien word as deel van die nasionale MIV/VIGS beleid is seksueel- oordraagbare siektebeheer, gesondheidopvoeding, die verskaffing van opleiding aan gesondheidswerkers in MIV/VIGS-probleme, die voorsiening van tuisgebaseerde sorg en beroepsgesondheid en veiligheid vir gesondheids werkers. Die regering se houding teenoor VIGS vrywilligerorganisasies is ook as negatief vertolk deur onvoldoende hoeveelhede van die vroulike kondoom te verskaf en antiretrovirale medisyne te weerhou van pasiënte. Die aanbevelings wat op grond van die studie gemaak is, sluit in die verbeterde opleiding van gesonheidswerkers in MIV/VIGS-sorg en -bestuur, verbeterde verskaffing van vrywillige berading en toetsdienste, wyer verspreiding van die vroulike kondoom, verskaffing van MIV-dienste vir die voorkoming van moeder-na-kind-oordraging en die konnektering van navorsing en sorg om ‘n inligtingsbaseerde praktyk te skep. Ander aanbevelings is dat daar ondersteuningsprogramme vir gesondheidswerkers met MIV behoort te wees wat geslagskwessies aanspreek in die implementering en verskaffing van antiretrovirale medisyne waar dit reeds bekend is dat dit wel help.

Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: With the democratic reform in South Africa, The Constitution of 1996 and the White Paper on Transforming Public Service Delivery of 1997 made an important contribution to a new attitude amongst public servants and citizens regarding service delivery. It is said that these two documents ushered in a period of instilling an attitude of Batho Pele, namely ‘people first’, with public servants. The South African Police Service (SAPS) as a government entity, also had to comply, and having one of the most important functions of, ‘ensuring a safer and secure environment for all’, caused the SAPS to rethink the way they would manage this new attitude. Organisational Development and Change, Project and Programme Management and Service Delivery are a few of the approaches captured within the public administration and public management discipline, which refers to a theory of the most recent paradigm change in the way the public sector must be governed. A comparative perspective is given on how these approaches could have a positive impact on the SAPS and other organisations. The foundation of this study is based on the creation of a theoretical base relating to Organisational Development and Change Management, Project and Programme-based Management as well as Service Delivery in the Public Sector. This is the point of departure for the proposed Service Delivery Improvement Model that indicates the integration of these approaches within the organisation. The background and current situation regarding service delivery within the SAPS is also discussed. Data is collected through structured interviews with SAPS managers and opinion surveys, which were completed by service members. The interviews as well as the surveys were used to motivate the aim of the proposed model. The study concludes with recommendations that were made by the researcher with the completion of the research done. The necessity, importance of implementation and the marketing of project and programme-based management within the SAPS is emphasised. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met die demokratiese hervorming in Suid Afrika, het die Konstitusie van 1996 en die Wit Skrif van die Transformasie van Openbare Dienslewering van 1997 ‘n belangrike bydrae gemaak tot ‘n nuwe gesindheid onder openbare amptenare ten opsigte van dieslewering. Daar word genoem dat hierdie twee dokumente ‘n periode vir die inboesem van ‘n gesindheid van Batho Pele, naamlik ‘mense eerste’, by openbare amptenare aangekondig het. Die Suid Afrikaanse Polisie Diens (SAPD) as ‘n regerings entiteit, moes ook voldoen hieraan, met die inagneming van een van die belangrikste funksies, ’om ‘n veiliger en sekureerde omgewing vir almal te verseker’, is die SAPD genoodsaak om die wyse hoe hulle hierdie nuwe gesindheid gaan bestuur, te heroorweeg. Organisasie Ontwikkeling en Verandering, Projek en Program-gebaseerde Bestuur asook Dienslewering, is ‘n paar van die benaderings vervat binne die Publieke Administrasie en Openbare Bestuur dissipline, wat verwys na ‘n teorie van die mees onlangse paradigma verandering oor hoe die openbare sektor regeer moet word. ‘n Vergelykende perspektief word weergegee oor hoe hierdie benaderings ‘n positiewe impak op die SAPD en ander organisasies kan bewerkstellig. Die fondament van hierdie studie is gebaseer op die skepping van ‘n teoretiese basis met verband tot Organisasie Ontwikkeling en Verandering, Projek en Program-gebaseerde Bestuur asook Dienslewering. Hierdie word die vertrekpunt vir die voorgestelde Dienslewerings Verbeterings Model wat die intergrasie van hierdie benaderings binne die organisasie voorstel. Verder word die agtergrond en huidige situasie in die SAPD rakende dienslewering ook bespreek. Data word versamel deur middel van gestruktureerde onderhoude met SAPD bestuurders en opinie opnames wat deur lede van die diens voltooi is. Die onderhoude sowel as die opnames is gebruik om die doel van die voorgestelde model te motiveer. Die studie word afgesluit met aanbevelings wat na afleiding van die navorsing deur die navorser gemaak is. Die toepaslikheid, noodsaaklikheid van die implimentering en die bemarking van projek en program-gebaseerde bestuur binne die SAPD word veral beklemtoon.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: See ful text for abstract / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sien volteks vir opsomming

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The central premise of this thesis is that humans are disconnected and alienated from Nature and it proposes that we need to attempt to restore this connection in order to overcome the current socioecological crises which threaten our survival as a species on the planet. In response to the research question as to whether a spiritual relationship with Nature could assist in the transformation to a more sustainable world, this study examines the concepts of Nature and spirituality and the relationship between them and, in particular, explores the spiritual practices and human-Nature connections experienced by six South African change agents. The objectives of this exploration are to present individual stories which could be used as case studies in learning for sustainability and to promote and encourage deeper conversations about what a more sustainable world might look like. Given the argument that our disconnection and alienation from Nature is at the crux of the planetary polycrisis and that we face a crisis of spirituality with regards to our relationship with Nature, this thesis explores the concept of Nature in depth, taking into consideration different cultural interpretations, environmental ethical positions and perspectives of Nature held in ancient times. Some of the key arguments as to why humans are disconnected from Nature (science, loss of indigenous knowledge, colonialism, capitalism, globalisation, religion and technology) are presented and I consider the implications of the human-Nature disconnection. A comprehensive literature review presents the key sociological crises, including climate change, ecosystem degradation, inequality and poverty, peak oil, urbanisation and food insecurity, which underpin the planetary polycrisis, and also discusses sustainable development, which arose as an attempt to respond to the planetary polycrisis. I argue that mainstream sustainable development is anthropocentric and perpetuates consumption by means of the current economic system. In light of my research question I propose that spirituality could serve as a bridge between humans and Nature. The understanding of spirituality which informs my approach implies a heightened awareness or consciousness, the capacity for deep reflection and compassion, and a profound sense of what it means to part of the web of life – to be another living, breathing, sentient being in Nature without the hierarchies which are often dictated by religious forms of spirituality. It is a spirituality integral to daily life, which informs the decisions about the way we live, and which is expressed through action, i.e. spirit-in-action. While I acknowledge the role that religion could play in the transformation to a more sustainable world, I highlight a number of practices, including mindfulness, meditation, rituals, poetry, re-learning from indigenous knowledge and wisdom, and restoration, which could perhaps assist in moving towards a deeper connection with Nature. In reflecting on what kind of transformation is needed I refer to complexity theory and systems thinking, and earth jurisprudence as examples of transformative paradigms. Given that this is a qualitative study, I have used heuristic inquiry, reflexivity, narrative and poetics in my research approach and conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with six South African change agents (three women and three men). I have documented their stories as narrative summaries, focusing particularly on their spirituality with respect to their relationship with Nature. I have then considered the emerging themes which point to what might be required in order to create sustainable futures. While there are issues of contention surrounding each of the concepts of Nature, spirituality and sustainable development, the change agents agree that there is a definite relationship between them and that they could help to direct our lives towards sustainability. Irrespective of how each of these concepts is defined, it seems that we need to be thinking about what kind of lives we want to live and what kind of lives future generations will be able to lead on a planet with a limited carrying capacity. As to whether a spiritual relationship with Nature could assist in the transformation to a more sustainable world, it seems that it is not so much a relationship, but a deep understanding and conscious awareness or knowing of the interconnectedness and interdependence between Nature, spirit and the essence of being human. Based on the input from the six change agents, I recommend a number of shifts within individual human consciousness, in our communities and within broader society to promote sustainable living. Other recommendations include the possibility of ecopsychology playing a greater role within the sustainable development discourse and ongoing research to continue to provoke conversations about the human- Nature connection and the implications this has for sustainability. While this work is clearly an academic investigation, it has also been a personal undertaking in that I have explored my own spiritual journey, considered my relationship with Nature, and learned more about my role as a change agent in the transformation to a more sustainable world. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die sentrale veronderstelling van hierdie proefskrif is dat die mens afgesonder en vervreemd geraak het van die Natuur en beveel aan dat ons poog om die konneksie te herstel ten einde die huidige sosio-ekologiese krisis te kan oorkom wat ons oorlewing as 'n spesie op die planeet bedreig. In antwoord op die navorsingsvraag of 'n spirituele verhouding met die Natuur kan bydra tot die transformasie na 'n meer volhoubare wêreld, ondersoek hierdie studie die konsep van die Natuur en spiritualiteit, en die verhouding tussen die twee konsepte, en dan veral die spirituele praktyke en mens- Natuur-konneksies wat ses Suid-Afrikaanse agente vir verandering meegemaak het. Die oogmerke met hierdie verkenning is om individuele verhale aan te bied wat as gevallestudies gebruik kan word om insig te kry in volhoubaarheid, en om dieper gesprekke oor hoe 'n meer volhoubare wêreld daar kan uitsien te bevorder en aan te moedig. Gegewe die redenasie dat ons afsondering en vervreemding van die Natuur die kruks van die globale polikrisis is en dat ons 'n spiritualiteitskrisis beleef wat ons verhouding met die Natuur betref, ondersoek hierdie proefskrif die konsep van die Natuur in diepte, met inagneming van verskillende kulturele interpretasies, omgewingsentriese vertrekpunte en perspektiewe oor die Natuur in die antieke tyd. Sekere sleutelargumente wat aandui waarom die mens afgesonder geraak het van die Natuur (wetenskap, verlies aan inheemse kennis, kolonialisme, kapitalisme, globalisering, godsdiens en tegnologie) word aangebied, terwyl ek die implikasies van die mens-Natuur-afsondering oordink. 'n Omvattende literatuurstudie behandel die sleutel sosiologiese krisisse, met inbegrip van klimaatsverandering, ekosisteemagteruitgang, ongelykheid en armoede, piekolie, verstedeliking en voedselonsekerheid, wat die globale polikrisis onderlê, en ondersoek volhoubare ontwikkeling wat ontstaan het in 'n poging om op die globale polikrisis te reageer. Ek voer aan dat hoofstoom volhoubare ontwikkeling antroposentries is en verbruik volgens die bestaande ekonomiese stelsel voortsit. In die lig van my navorsingsvraag doen ek aan die hand dat spiritualiteit 'n brug tussen die mens en die Natuur kan vorm. Die interpretasie van spiritualiteit, wat die beweegrede vir my benadering is, veronderstel 'n verhoogde bewustheid of bewussyn, die vermoë tot diepe refleksie en medelye, en 'n wesentlike begrip van wat dit beteken om deel van die lewensweb te wees - om 'n lewende, redelike wese te wees wat asemhaal in die Natuur, sonder die hiërargieë wat dikwels deur religieuse spiritualiteitsvorme voorgeskryf word. Dit is spiritualiteit wat 'n integrerende deel van die daaglikse lewe is, wat die beweegrede is vir die besluite waarvolgens ons leef, en wat uitgedruk word deur aksie, i.e. gees-in-aksie. Alhoewel ek die rol erken wat godsdiens kan speel in die transformasie na ʼn meer volhoubare wêreld, lig ek ʼn aantal praktyke uit, nl in-die-oomblik-wees (oplettendheid), meditasie, rituele, poësie, her-leer uit die inheemse kennis- en wysheid-skat, sowel as herstel, wat moontlik kan help om ʼn dieper band met die Natuur te vorm. Wanneer ek reflekteer oor watter tipe transformasie nodig is, verwys ek na kompleksiteitsteorie en sisteemdenke, en aardjurisprudensie as twee voorbeelde van transformerende paradigmas. Aangesien dit ʼn kwalitatiewe studie is, het ek heuristiese ondersoek, refleksiwiteit, narratiewe en poësie in my navorsingbenadering gebruik en semi-gestruktureerde diepte-onderhoude met ses Suid-Afrikaanse agente vir verandering (drie vroue en drie mans) gevoer. Ek het hulle verhale as opsommings van narratiewe opgeteken, en gefokus op hulle spiritualiteit in verhouding tot die Natuur. Daarna het ek opkomende temas oorweeg met aanwysers van wat moontlik nodig is om ʼn volhoubare toekoms te skep. Alhoewel daar verskillende standpunte is oor die konsep Natuur, spiritualiteit en volhoubare ontwikkeling, stem die agente vir verandering saam dat daar ʼn definitiewe verwantskap tussen die konsepte bestaan en dat dit kan bydra om ons lewe tot volhoubaarheid te rig. Ongeag van hoe elkeen van hierdie konsepte omskryf word, blyk dit dat ons moet kyk na watter soort lewe ons wil leef en watter soort lewe toekomstige generasies op ʼn planeet met ʼn beperkte dravermoë sal kan leef. Op die vraag of ʼn spirituele verhouding met die Natuur kan bydra tot die transformasie na ʼn meer volhoubare wêreld, blyk dit dat dit nie soseer ʼn verhouding is nie, maar ʼn diepe begrip vir en werklike bewustheid, of kennis, van die onderlinge verbondenheid en interafhanklikheid tussen die Natuur, die gees en die essensie van menswees. Gebaseer op die inset van die ses agente vir verandering beveel ek ʼn aantal skuiwe binne onsself, in ons gemeenskappe en in die wyer samelewing aan om ʼn volhoubare bestaan te bevorder. Ander aanbevelings sluit in die moontlikheid dat ekopsigologie ʼn groter rol speel in die volhoubareontwikkelingsdiskoers en voortgesette navorsing om deurentyd gesprekke oor die mens-Natuur-konneksie aan te moedig, asook die implikasies wat dit vir volhoubaarheid het. Alhoewel hierdie werk duidelik ʼn akademiese oefening is, was dit ook ʼn persoonlike onderneming deurdat ek my eie spirituele reis onderneem het, my verhouding met die Natuur in oënskou geneem het, en tot insig gekom het van my rol as agent vir verandering in die transformasie na ʼn meer volhoubare wêreld.

Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Due to inadequate financial resources and lack of managerial skills, in this case study the local level of governance does not have appropriate mechanisms to manage their resources adequately. It is observed that the Nigerian government cannot provide all basic amenities for the people at the grass-root level of development. Following the above scenario, rural communities do not have access to basic amenities such as electricity and pipe borne water. In Nigeria, little research has been done with regard to sustainable development in rural electrification. This study is based on the impact of community and individual participation in a rural electrification project, and shows how sustainable development plays a leading role. The study is based on a rural electrification project initiated and facilitated in 1996, and was completed in 2000 by the Ipari-Efugo Otukpa community members in Benue State in the North Central part of Nigeria. In spite of prevailing poverty in rural areas, Ipari-Efugo community members were able to be responsible for their own development without government intervention. The research includes literature studies of rural electrification projects and demonstrates how participation and sustainable development can lead to a successful community project. Irrespective of obstacles such as poverty and lack of economic empowerment, Ipari- Efugo community members are resilient and were able to provide electricity. Access to electricity can serve as a prerequisite for economic development and growth. The benefits accruable from the use of electricity outweigh the costs of providing the amenity to the community. Participation through sustainable development remains the core instrument responsible for the completion of the electricity project in Ipari-Efugo. This study encourages rural communities to take responsibility for their own development. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: As gevolg van onvoldoende finansiële middele en 'n gebrek aan bestuursvaardighede, in die gevallestudie beskik die plaaslike regering nie oor die toepaslike meganismes om hulle hulpbronne na behore te bestuur nie. Boonop blyk dit dat nasionale regerings nie alle basiese geriewe aan diegene op voetsoolvlak kan voorsien nie. Die genoemde scenario impliseer dus dat landelike gemeenskappe nie toegang het tot basiese geriewe soos elektrisiteit en kraanwater nie. In Nigerië word weinig navorsing gedoen op die gebied van volhoubare ontwikkeling in landelike elektrisiteitsvoorsiening. Hierdie studie is gebaseer op die impak van gemeenskaps- en individuele deelname aan 'n landelike elektrisiteitsvoorsieningsprojek, en toon hoe volhoubare ontwikkeling 'n toonaangewende rol hierin speel. Die studie spruit uit 'n landelike elektrifiseringsprojek wat in 2000 deur die gemeenskap van Ipari-Efugo Otukpa in die staat Benue in die noordelik-sentrale deel van Nigerië aangevoer en gefasiliteer is. Ondanks die heersende armoede in landelike gebiede, het lede van die Ipari-Efugo gemeenskap sonder die tussenkoms van die regering verantwoordelikheid vir hulle eie ontwikkeling aanvaar. Die navorsing sluit literatuurstudies van landelike elektrisiteitsvoorsieningsprojekte in, en demonstreer hoe deelname en volhoubare ontwikkeling tot 'n suksesvolle gemeenskapsprojek kan aanleiding gee. Ongeag struikelblokke soos armoede en 'n gebrek aan ekonomiese bemagtiging, was die lede van die Ipari-Efugo gemeenskap vasberade en kon hulle uiteindelik elektrisiteit aan die gemeenskap verskaf. Toegang tot elektrisiteit kan as 'n voorvereiste vir ekonomiese ontwikkeling en groei dien. Die voordele verbonde aan elektrisiteitsverbruik oortref uiteindelik by verre die koste verbonde aan die voorsiening van hierdie gerief aan die gemeenskap. Deelname by wyse van volhoubare ontwikkeling bly die sleutelinstrument vir die voltooiing van die elektrisiteitsprojek in Ipari-Efugo. Hierdie studie moedig landelike gemeenskappe aan om verantwoordelikheid vir hulle eie ontwikkeling te aanvaar.

Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The In-Service Basic Education Teacher Diploma Programme (BETD Inset Programme) is a Namibian educational programme under the Ministry of Basic Education, Sport and Culture. It is a unified general preparation for unqualified and partly qualified teachers in Basic Education, with opportunities for specialisation in both phases of schooling and in subject areas. It seeks to strike a balance between professional insight, skills and subject knowledge. A process of evaluation was implemented to assess the programme management and the programme workers’ knowledge, skills and expertise, including their choice of methodology for implementing the BETD Inset Programme. The aim of the programme evaluation was to determine the effectiveness and sustainability of the BETD Inset Programme. The problem statement of this study takes as its point of departure the prevalence of development programmes that are not implemented in an effective and sustainable manner, particularly in Third World countries. Many researchers and scholars have identified programme management as crucial to the effective implementation of development programmes. It is in response to this argument that this researcher decided to conduct a study on the National Institution for Educational Development (NIED)’s implementation of the BETD Inset Programme. The objective was to establish whether the existing programme management strategy implements the BETD Inset Programme effectively, and to explore the possibilities of recommending supporting strategy. This study also referred to the issue of gender balance in the appointment of BETD Inset Programme management staff. Qualitative methodology was used to obtain information from the BETD Inset Unit and Regional Education Offices, who play an important role in the implementation process of the BETD Inset Programme. The senior managers were interviewed and they provided information about the BETD Inset Unit management structures and the objectives achieved during the BETD Inset Programme implementation process. The implementation process plans set by the NIED were based on terms of reference provided by the Ministry of Basic Education, Sport and Culture to determine their effectiveness in achieving the set objectives. The literature review of this study reflects the conceptual categories identified from an overview of programme management objectives in development programmes and distance education programmes. These conceptual categories are based on management models that are useful for programme management evaluation. The conceptual categories point out characteristics fundamental to the effective implementation of the BETD Inset Programme. These characteristics were used to formulate measuring criteria, and they formed the basis for the analysis of the study’s results in chapter 5. BETD Inset Programme is defined as a distance education programme. It was deduced that the BETD Inset Programme faced a number of challenges, and that consequently the NIED management had to implement the programme with a limited infrastructure and work force. All these challenges are linked to one major factor, which is the lack of sufficient resources required for the effective implementation of the BETD Inset Programme in a sustainable manner. This study recommends that a strategy for potential stakeholder participation should be redesigned and effectively implemented, in order to secure sufficient resources to support the programme in a sustainable manner. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Indiensprogram vir ’n Basiese-Onderrig-Onderwysdiploma (BOOD-Insetprogram) is ’n Namibiese onderwysprogram onder leiding van die Ministerie van Basiese Onderrig, Sport en Kultuur. Dit is ’n samevattende algemene voorbereiding vir ongekwalifiseerde en deels-gekwalifiseerde onderwysers in Basiese Onderrig, met geleenthede vir spesialisering beide in skolingsfases en vakgebiede. As algemene doelstelling streef dit na ’n balans tussen professionele insig, vaardighede en vakkennis. Program-evaluering is gedoen ten einde die programbestuur en -werkers te beoordeel volgens hulle kennis, vaardighede en kundigheid, insluitend hulle keuse van metodiek vir die implementering van die BOOD-Insetprogram. Die mikpunt was om die effektiwiteit en volhoubaarheid van die BOOD-Insetprogram te bepaal. Die probleemstelling van die studie is daarop gebaseer dat ontwikkelingsprogramme, spesifiek in Derdewêreldlande, nie effektief en op ’n volhoubare manier geïmplementeer word nie. Navorsers en studente het die bestuur van ontwikkelingsprogramme as die sleutel tot die effektiewe implementering daarvan geïdentifiseer. Dit het daartoe gelei dat die navorser ’n studie onderneem het oor hoe die Nasionale Instelling vir Opvoedkundige Ontwikkeling die Indiensprogram vir ’n Basiese-Onderrig-Onderwysdiploma implementeer. Die doelwit was om vas te stel of die bestaande strategie vir programbestuur die Indiensprogram vir ’n Basiese-Onderrig-Onderwysdiploma effektief implementeer, en ook om ’n moontlike ondersteuningstrategie voor te stel. Die studie het ook die kwessie van geslagsbalans aangeraak ten opsigte van poste wat beklee word deur bestuurspersoneel wat die Indiensprogram vir ’n Basiese-Onderrig-Onderwysdiploma implementeer. ’n Kwalitatiewe metode is gebruik om inligting te verkry vanaf BOOD-Implementeringseenhede en Onderwysstreekkantore wat ’n sleutelrol vervul in die implementeringsproses van die BOOD-Aanvangsprogram. Onderhoude is gevoer met lede van die topbestuur wat ook inligting verskaf het oor die BOOD-Inseteenheid se bestuurstrukture, en doelwitte wat in die implementeringsproses van die BOOD-Insetprogram bereik is. Implementeringsplanne, daargestel deur die Nasionale Instelling vir Opvoedkundige Ontwikkeling aan die hand van riglyne van die Ministerie van Basiese Onderrig, Sport en Kultuur, word gebruik om vas te stel hoe effektief hulle hulle doelwitte bereik. ’n Literatuur-oorsig vir hierdie studie weerspieël die konseptuele kategorieë wat geïdentifiseer kan word uit die gesamentlike bestuursdoelwitte van ontwikkelingsprogramme en afstandsonderrigprogramme. Hierdie konseptuele kategorieë is gebaseer op bestuursmodelle wat ook aangewend kan word vir die evaluering van programbestuur. Die konseptuele kategorieë identifiseer fundamentele kenmerke vir die effektiewe implementering van die Indiensprogram vir ’n Basiese-Onderrig-Onderwysdiploma. Hierdie kenmerke is gebruik om evalueringskriteria te formuleer asook die basis daar te stel vir die ontleding van die studie se resultate in hoofstuk 5. Die Indiensprogram vir ’n Basiese-Onderrig-Onderwysdiploma word getipeer as ’n afstandsonderrigprogram. Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat die Indiensprogram vir ’n Basiese-Onderrig-Onderwysdiploma uitdagings in die gesig staar wat die bestuur van die Nasionale Instelling vir Opvoedkundige Ontwikkeling noop om die program met beperkte infrastruktuur en menslike hulpbronne te implementeer. Al hierdie uitdagings hou verband met een hooffaktor, naamlik die gebrek aan voldoende hulpbronne vir die effektiewe en volhoubare implementering van die Indiensprogram vir ’n Basiese-Onderrig-Onderwysdiploma. Die studie stel voor dat ’n strategie herontwerp en effektief geïmplementeer word vir deelname deur potensiële belanghebbendes ten einde voldoende hulpbronne te verseker om die program op ’n volhoubare wyse te ondersteun.