Dissertation (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 1994. / One copy microfiche. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Decision-making, the process of choosing between alternatives, is the single most important function within any organisation whether it be in the private or public sector. Local government is located in a unique dynamic political, economic, social and technological environment and provides services to the community within this environment through the transformation of resources. The transformation process relies on a series of decision-making processes to ensure the continuation of this transformation process. The decision-maker in local government is faced with ever-increasing demands for basic collective services with a diverse population with different and increasing needs, expectations and interests. Constitutional reform has also made an impact on local government as it will have to be representative of the community which it serves for legitimacy purposes. These external and internal influences will impact on the decision-makers whose success will be dependent upon whether they are able to improve the general welfare of the community. In view of the scenario sketched above it is clear that decision making is more complex in the public sector environment as it is value-laden. Various decision-making models and techniques have been propagated to assist the decisionmaker in the search for the best alternative. This process is referred to as optimisation. These models and techniques do not however, ensure that the envisaged outcome of the decision will be achieved because of the dynamic and changing environment within which local government is located. In view of this uncertainty there has been a tendency for decisionmakers to make decisions which satisfy the circumstances prevailing at that particular point in time (satisficing) which is not always effective. No attempt has been made to provide the decision-maker with a set of norms or rules to be applied which could be of assistance either individually or collectively to arrive at a more effective decision. In order to assist the decision-maker to arrive at a more effective decision, this research attempts to ascertain quantitatively which norms or criteria should be applied so as to achieve the prime purpose of the mission which is to improve the general welfare of the community. The research will also attempt to take into account the diverse interests, needs, values and perceptions of the community as well as the subjective bias and perceptions of the decision-makers themselves. The purpose of this study/research is to determine the increased possibility of more effective decision-making through the application of applicable normative criteria against the background of an open systems environment, as sketched above. A case study approach was adopted whereby two actual decisions were identified and evaluated according to selected applicable normative criteria. The evaluation was undertaken by the decision-makers themselves (i.e. selected local authority) as well as three representative control groups within the wider community of the selected local authority. The results were computed quantitatively through the application of an appropriate selected statistical model which could measure factual and value-laden judgements, as to the extent of application of these normative criteria. The results were developed from the responses received from the actual four participatory groups. The analysis and conclusions will be based on the quantified results arising from the evaluation of the two decision-cases in question. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Besluitneming, synde die proses om een van verskillende altematiewe te kies, is die belangrikste funksie in enige onderneming, hetsy in die privaat- of openbare sektor. Plaaslike regering vind plaas in 'n unieke en dinamiese politiese, ekonomiese, sosiale en tegnologiese omgewing waarbinne dienste aan die gemeenskap gelewer word deur die omskepping van hulpbronne. Die omskeppingsproses steun op 'n reeks besluitnemingsprosesse om die voortsetting daarvan te verseker. Die besluitnemer in plaaslike regering staar voortdurend hoër eise vir basiese gemeenskapsdienste in die gesig van 'n uiteenlopende bevolking met toenemende en verskillende behoeftes, verwagtinge en belange. Grondwetlike hervorming het ook 'n invloed op plaaslike regering, deurdat dit verteenwoordigend moet wees van die gemeenskap wat dit bedien om as wettig erken te word. Hierdie eksteme en interne faktore sal die besluitnemers, wie se sukses sal afhang daarvan of hulle die algemene welsyn van die gemeenskap kan verbeter, beinvloed. Gesien in die lug van die feite hierbo vermeld, is dit duidelilk dat besluitneming in die openbare sektor meer ingewikkeld is, deurdat ander waardes ook in ag geneem moet word. Verskeie besluitnemingsmodelle en tegnieke is voorgestel om die besluitnemer te help om die beste keuse te maak. Die proses word na verwys as optimalisering. Die modelle en tegnieke kan egter nie verseker dat die beplande resultaat van die besluit behaal word nie, as gevolg van die dinamiese en veranderende omgewing waarbinne plaaslilke regering funksioneer. Hierdie onsekerheid lei daartoe dat besluitnemers neig om besluite te maak wat die heersende omstandighede op enige spesifieke tydstip bevredig, wat nie noodwendig effektief is nie. Daar was geen poging om die besluitnemer te voorsien van neergelegde standaarde of reels wat hom, individueel of gesamentlik, van hulp sou wees om 'n meer effektiewe besluit te neem nie. Ten einde die besluitnemer van hulp te wees om 'n meer effektiewe besluit te neem, probeer hierdie ondersoek kwantitatief vasstel water standaarde of maatstawwe toegepas behoort te word om die hoofdoel, synde die verbetering van die algemene welsyn van die gemeenskap, te bereik. Die ondersoek sal ook poog om die uiteenlopende belange, behoeftes, waardes en waarnemings van die gemeenskap, sowel as die subjektiewe vooroordeel en gewaarwordinge van die besluitnemers, in ag te neem. Die doel van hierdie studie/navorsing is om vas te stel wat die moontlikheid van meer effektiewe besluitneming is, deur die toepassing van geskikte normatiewe maatstawwe teen die agtergrond van 'n oop omgewing, soos hierbo uiteengesit. 'n Gevallestudie benadering is gevolg, waar twee werklike besluite geidentifiseer en evalueer is in ooreenstemming met etlike toepaslike normatiewe maatstawwe. Die evaluering is gedoen deur die besluitnemers self (synde 'n uigesoekte plaaslike regering) sowel as drie verteenwoordigende kontrole groepe binne die breer gemeenskap van die gekose plaaslike regering. Die resultate is kwantitatief bereken deur die toepassing van 'n geskikte statistiese model, wat feitlike en waardebepalings kon meet, om die omvang van die toepassing van die normatiewe maatstawwe vas te stel. Die resultate is ontwikkel van die terugvoering ontvang van die vier deelnemende groepe. Die analise en gevolgtrekking is gegrond op die eindresultate wat uit die evaluering van die twee betrokke gevallestudies vloei.

Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Evidence-based policy making and results-based management aim to improve the performance of organisations, policies and programmes by enabling the accurate measurement of progress and results required for management and policy decisions. Within the notion of the developmental state, ‘Local Economic Development’ (LED) uses the development planning and implementation capacities of local government to accrue economic benefit to the locality with the aim of addressing development problems such as unemployment, poverty and market failure at the local level. While promoting the economic welfare of citizens is a critical objective of local government, the absence of specific indicators for LED measurement hampers their ability to successfully determine whether their efforts are achieving the expected results. The aim of this dissertation is to promote the systematic and committed evaluation of the results of LED interventions in South African local governments. As such, it provides guidelines for an outcomes-based monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system for LED in South Africa and presents a framework of generic outcome and output indicators for alternative LED interventions within the context of public sector monitoring and evaluation. The dissertation commences with an overview of the history of evaluation research, the conceptualisation of ‘Monitoring’ and ‘Evaluation’, and a categorisation of the alternative approaches to evaluation. It further explores best practices in instilling M&E in organisations, policies or programmes through guidelines for the development of M&E systems; designing and conducting evaluation studies; presenting findings; and developing indicators. This later provides a basis for exploring challenges in the evaluation of LED and proposing guidelines for an outcomes-based LED system. The policy framework of public sector M&E in South African government is explored before recommendations are made on the basis of good practice guidelines from the selected international systems and the World Bank. The concept ‘local economic development’ is contextualised and its manifestation in South African policies and practice explored to demarcate the roles of various role players, but local government in particular, in promoting LED. A review of LED-related literature produced a comprehensive list of potential LED interventions. These interventions were categorised into business development, locality improvement, community development, or improved governance interventions. Specific programmes and projects from practice were summarised within each intervention. For each of the identified LED interventions, generic outcome statements and objectives are formulated, followed by concrete contextual output and outcome indicators. The developed indicators are partly derived from existing indicators used to measure development results, but primarily developed from the implied end result captured in the objectives and outcome statements of each intervention. The LED indicator framework was reviewed by selected M&E and LED experts for final refinement and comments. The systematic evaluation of LED results based on well-designed evaluation studies that incorporate the strengths of the various approaches to M&E can enable the identification of the most promising, best return-on-investment LED interventions, as determined by the real, accurate results of these interventions. This can improve strategic policy and management decisions so as to maximise the limited available resources for LED and ensure the greatest positive economic and social development impact. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Bewysgedrewe beleidmaking en uitkomsgerigte bestuur is daarop ingestel om die prestasie van organisasies, beleide en programme te verbeter, deur dit moontlik te maak om die vordering en resultate soos benodig vir bestuur en beleidsbesluite akkuraat te meet. Binne die konteks van die ontwikkelingstaat, maak ‘Plaaslike Ekonomiese Ontwikkeling’ (LED) gebruik van die ontwikkelingsbeplanning en implementeringskapasiteit van plaaslike regerings om ekonomiese voordele vir die lokaliteit te bevorder en sodoende werkloosheid, armoede en markmislukking op plaaslike vlak aan te spreek. Alhoewel die bevordering van die ekonomiese welvaart van burgers ‘n kritiese doelwit van plaaslike regerings is, word plaaslike regerings se vermoë om met sekerheid te bepaal of die gewenste resultate deur aksies bereik is, deur die afwesigheid van spesifieke aanwysers vir die meting van LED belemmer. Die doel van hierdie proefskrif is om sistematiese en toegewyde evaluering van die resultate van LED-intervensies in Suid-Afrikaanse plaaslike regerings te bevorder. As sulks, verskaf dit riglyne vir ‘n uitkoms-gerigte stelsel vir die monitering en evaluering (M&E) van LED in Suid-Afrika, sowel as ‘n raamwerk van generiese uitkoms- en uitsetaanwysers vir alternatiewe LED-intervensies binne die konteks van openbare sektor monitering en evaluering. Die proefskrif begin met ‘n oorsig van evalueringsnavorsingsgeskiedenis, die konseptualisering van ‘Monitering’ en ‘Evaluering’ en kategorisering van verskillende benaderings tot evaluering. Dit verken beste praktyke vir die daarstelling van M&E in organisasies, beleide of programme, om daardeur spesifieke riglyne vir die ontwikkeling van M&E-stelsels, die ontwerp en implementering van evalueringstudies, die aanbieding van bevindinge en die ontwikkeling van aanwysers te spesifiseer. Hierdie dien as ‘n basis vir die latere verkenning van die uitdagings in die evaluering van LED en die daarstel van riglyne vir ‘n uitkoms-gerigte LED-stelsel. Die beleidsraamwerk vir M&E in die Suid- Afrikaanse openbare sektor word verken voor voorstelle ter verbetering gemaak word aan die hand van die beste praktyk riglyne van geselekteerde internasionele stelsels, asook die Wêreldbank. Die konsep ‘plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkeling’ word gekontekstualiseer en die voorkoms daarvan in Suid-Afrikaanse beleid en praktyk word verken om sodoende die rol van verskillende rolspelers, maar veral plaaslike regering, in die bevordering van LED te onderskei. ‘n Oorsig van LED-verwante literatuur lewer ‘n uitgebreide lys van potensiële LEDintervensies. Hierdie intervensies word gekategoriseer as besigheidsontwikkeling, lokaliteitsverbetering, gemeenskapsontwikkeling of verbeterde regeringswyse intervensies. Spesifieke programme en projekte uit die praktyk word as voorbeelde van elke intervensie aangehaal. Vir elk van die geïdentifiseerde LED-intervensies word generiese uitkoms- en uitsetstellings geformuleer, gevolg deur konkrete, gekontekstualiseerde uitkoms- en uitsetaanwysers. Die aanwysers is tot ‘n mate afgelei van bestaande aanwysers wat aangewend word om ontwikkelingsresultate te meet, maar is hoofsaaklik ontwikkel uit die geïmpliseerde eindresultaat soos vervat in die geformuleerde doelwitte en doelstellings vir elke intervensie. Die ontwikkelde aanwyserraamwerk wat ontwikkel is, is verder verfyn op grond van terugvoer vanaf geselekteerde deskundiges op die gebied van M&E en LED. Die sistematiese evaluering van LED-resultate gegrond op goed-ontwerpte evalueringstudies, inkorporeer die sterk punte van verskeie benaderings tot LED, bevorder die identifisering van die mees belowende en lonende LED-intervensies soos bepaal deur die werklike, akkurate resultate van hierdie intervensies. Hierdie kan ‘n bydrae tot verbeterde strategiese beleids- en bestuursbesluite lewer en sodoende die beperkte beskikbare hulpbronne vir LED maksimeer en die grootste positiewe ekonomiese en sosiale ontwikkelingsimpak verseker.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A study of the sustainability journey of Spier Holdings, a well known wine and leisure business in South Africa, offers a unique opportunity for interrogating corporate drivers for a lower carbon future. The business has established sustainability as a brand identity, declared carbon neutrality as a macro organisational goal in response to the global challenge of climate change, and sought scientifically and technologically appropriate ways of addressing this challenge. A preliminary analysis revealed various initiatives that are in place for measuring and reducing the business’ environmental impact, including carbon emissions. However, an in-depth study of the establishment’s environmental performance over two decades showed inconsistencies in year-on-year reporting, delays in shifting the supply chain, and gaps in implementation, particularly in the area of energy efficiency and adoption of renewable energy technology. Understanding and interrogating the business’ sustainability journey through a systems ecology and corporate citizenship framework proved inadequate. The case highlights that organizational goals for environmental performance areas, including the aim of carbon neutrality, and sustainability reporting are not sufficient catalysts for change. A complexity-based resilience approach allowed the business to be understood as an adaptive system. The sustainability story tracks different phases of a modified adaptive renewal cycle, which also determine the dominant management paradigms, strategic responses and forms of collaboration during each phase. Spier’s sustainability journey was found to be underpinned by a quest for corporate resilience which includes the resilience of the business (enterprise resilience) and of the social-ecological system within which it resides (SES resilience). The business responded to interdependent risks and uncertainties in its internal and external contexts, through investment strategies in key areas of corporate environmental performance. As a contribution to new knowledge, this thesis proposes an integrated corporate resilience framework for building enterprise resilience and ecological sustainability. This framework, and the accompanying mapping tool, reveals deep, ecological drivers for Spier’s environmental performance across corporate areas of lower carbon emissions, water sustainability, wastewater treatment, solid waste recycling and ecological custodianship. The framework is recommended for use by similar businesses, eager to configure their relationship with natural resources and ecosystem services, and by scholars, for investigating corporate performance towards environmental sustainability. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ʼn Studie van die volhoubaarheidsonderneming van Spier Holdings, ʼn bekende wyn- en ontspanningsaak in Suid-Afrika, bied ʼn unieke geleentheid vir die ondersoek van korporatiewe aandrywers vir ʼn laer koolstoftoekoms. Die onderneming het volhoubaarheid as ʼn handelsmerkidentiteit gevestig, koolstof-neutraliteit as ʼn makro- organisatoriese doel verklaar in reaksie op die wêreldwye uitdaging van klimaatsverandering, en het wetenskaplik en tegnologies gepaste wyses gesoek om hierdie uitdaging die hoof te bied. ʼn Voorlopige analise het verskeie inisiatiewe wat gereed is vir meting en vermindering van die onderneming se omgewingsimpak aan die lig gebring, met inbegrip van koolstofvrystellings. ʼn Dieptestudie van die instelling se omgewingsprestasie oor twee dekades heen het egter inkonsekwenthede in jaar-tot-jaar-verslagdoening, vertragings in die verandering van die aanvoerketting, en gapings in implementering, in die besonder op die gebied van energiedoeltreffendheid en die ingebruikneming van hernubare energietegnologie getoon. Begrip en ondersoek van die onderneming se volhoubaarheidsonderneming aan die hand van ʼn raamwerk vir sisteemekologie en korporatiewe burgerskap het onvoldoende blyk te wees. Die geval beklemtoon dat organisatoriese doelstellings vir omgewingsprestasiegebiede, met inbegrip van die oogmerk van koolstofneutraliteit, en volhoubaarheidsverslagdoening nie voldoende katalisators vir verandering is nie. ʼn Kompleksiteitgebaseerde veerkragtigheidsbenadering het dit moontlik gemaak dat die onderneming as ʼn aanpassingstelsel beskou kan word. Die volhoubaarheidsverslag gaan verskillende fases van ʼn gewysigde aanpassings- hernuwingsiklus, wat ook die dominante bestuursparadigmas, strategiese reaksies en vorme van samewerking gedurende elke fase bepaal, na. Daar is bevind dat Spier se volhoubaarheidsonderneming onderstut word deur ʼn soeke na korporatiewe veerkragtigheid wat die veerkragtigheid van die onderneming (ondernemingsveerkragtigheid) en van die sosiaal-ekologiese stelsel waarbinne dit gesetel is (SES-veerkragtigheid) insluit. Die onderneming het op onderling afhanklike risiko’s en onsekerhede in sy interne en eksterne samehange gereageer deur beleggingstrategieë in sleutelgebiede van korporatiewe omgewingsprestasie. As ʼn bydrae tot nuwe kennis, doen hierdie tesis ʼn geïntegreerde korporatiewe veerkragtigheidsraamwerk vir die opbou van ondernemingsveerkragtigheid en ekologiese volhoubaarheid aan die hand. Hierdie raamwerk, en die gepaardgaande beskrywingsinstrument, lê diep, ekologiese aandrywers vir Spier se omgewingsprestasie oor korporatiewe gebiede van laer koolstof-vrystellings, watervolhoubaarheid, die behandeling van afloopwater, herbenutting van vaste afval en ekologiese bewaring bloot. Die raamwerk word aanbeveel vir gebruik deur soortgelyke ondernemings wat graag aan hulle verhouding met natuurlike hulpbronne en ekostelseldienste vorm wil gee, en deur vakkundiges vir die ondersoek van korporatiewe prestasie met betrekking tot omgewings-volhoubaarheid.

Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The economic policy of the South African government referred to as the Growth Employment and Redistribution Strategy (GEAR) has had a crippling impact on millions of poor and lowincome families in South Africa since its adoption in 1996. The benefits to the minority have not compensated for the increased inequality, uncertainty and poverty that others have experienced (McDonald & Pape, 2002:24). South Africa became the first African state to develop and implement a structural adjustment programme by voluntarily seeking the assistance of the World Bank and the IMF (Bond, 2000a:35). The government’s own statistics reveal that unemployment, which was already high, reached catastrophic levels since 1996 and the poor became significantly poorer (Beuchler, 2002:04). Together with their community leadership, poor people increasingly managed to articulate the link between the increased poverty and hardships they experience and the state’s macro-economic policies. More than a decade into democracy, Mandela Park finds itself under armed assault by the State. Several community members have sacrificed their lives while fighting revolutionary struggles to ensure access to basic services and to remain in the places apartheid confined them. None of them ever thought that the hopes and dreams they harboured while fighting for democracy would be so brutally suppressed by the very government for which they sacrificed their lives. Community organizations such as the Mandela Park Anti-Eviction Campaign (MPAEC) make significant contributions to community empowerment by mobilizing and articulating the voices of the poor and the vulnerable groups in the society to resist the State’s hegemony with regards to service cut-offs and household evictions. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ekonomiese beleid van die Suid Afrikaanse regering wat bekend staan as GEAR het n kreupelende uitwerking op miljoene arme en lae-inkomste gesinne in Suid Afrika gehad veral sedert die program in 1996 deur die regering aanvaar is. Die voordele aan ‘n enkele minderheid het nie vergoed vir die toenemde ongelykhede, onsekerhede en armoede wat andere ondervind het nie (McDonald & Pape, 2002:24). Suid Afrika het die eerste Afrika staat geword om n strukturele aanpassingsprogram te ontwikkel en te implementeer deur vrywilliglik die hulp van die Wêreld Bank en die Internasionale Monitêre Fonds te soek (Bond, 2000a:35). Soos die regering se eie statistieke aandui, het werkloosheid wat alreeds hoog is, katastrofiese vlakke bereik terwyl die land se armes merkwaardig armer geword het (Beuchler, 2002:04).Arm mense het tesame met hul gemeenskapleiers toenemend daarin geslaag om die verband tussen hul groeinde armoede en swaarhede, en die regering se makro-ekonomiese beleid te identifiseer. Nou, na meer as ‘n dekade in demokrasie, bevind Mandela Park inwoners hulself onder gewapende aanval deur die staat. Gemeenskapslede het revolusionêre gevegte gestry en hul lewens op die spel geplaas om toegang tot basiese dienste te verseker en te bly in die plekke waar apartheid hulle gevestig het. Niemand het ooit kon dink dat die hoop en drome wat hulle gekoester het terwyl hulle teen apartheid geveg het, so wreed onderdruk sou word deur dieselde regering waarvoor hulle hul lewens opgeoffer het nie. Gemeenskapsorganisasies soos die MPAEC in Mandela Park het ‘n betekenisvolle bydrae gemaak tot die bemagtiging van daardie gemeenskap deur die mobilisasie en artikulasie van die stemme van die arm en kwesbare groepe in die samelewing om weerstand te bied teen die Staat se hegemonie ten opsigte van die beeindiging van dienste en die uitsetting van gesinne uit hul huise.

Thesis (MA (Public and Development Management))-- University of Stellenbosch, 1995. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study assesses public participation in public policy making by way of a case study approach. The Regional Education Boards and the Regional Services Council form part of the case study evaluation of public participation in public policy making. In essence, a structural-functionalist analysis of the two cases is given. From this approach this study points out what the activities of the two institutions are, what services they render and the policy measures with which they are engaged in. This is imperative because by way of an analysis, the extent to which the public is allowed to participate in the policy making process, with reference to the two institutions, is determined. Before the assessment of the two cases a conceptual framework pertaining to public participation in public policy making is given. In this conceptual framework the different typologies, policy levels, participants and the modes of public participation in public policy making are highlighted. In earlier years public participation in public policy making was simply seen as being confined to voting turn-out. As the study of public policy making expanded the operational definition of public participation was broaden to include activities such as campaigning, handing petitions to members of parliament, attending political meetings, writing letters to communication media, written representations submitted to a minister and protest action. Thus, as the study of public policy making expanded it became clear that separate participation modes exist because the activities which emanates from the implementation of public policy differ systematically in the requirements it place on the citizens. What is significant of this thesis is that it proposed a nine-point criteriological model for effective participation in public policy making. Each criterium is analyzed in depth and it is indicated how important it is for effective public participation in public policy making. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie bepaal publieke deelname in openbare beleidmaking by wyse van 'n setwerklike benadering. Die Onderwysstreekrade en die Streekdiensterade vorm deel van hierdie evaluering van publieke deelname in openbare beleidmaking. Vir hierdie benadering word 'n strukturieel - funksionele uiteensetting van die werkswyse en beleidsmaatreëls van die twee instansies gegee. Hierdie uiteensetting is belangrik omrede, deur middel van 'n analise, daar bepaal word tot watter mate die publiek deel uitmaak van die beleidmakingsproses ten opsigte van die twee instansies. Voor die uiteensetting van die setwerklike benadering word 'n raamwerk met betrekking tot die konsepte wat van toepassing is op publieke deelname in openbare beleidmaking, gegee. In hierdie raamwerk word die verskillende tipologieë, beleidsvlakke, deelnemers en die verskillende maniere van publieke deelname in die openbare beleidmakingsproses, uitgebeeld. In vroeër jare was publieke deelname in openbare beleid gesien as bloot deelname aan verkiesings. Namate die studie van openbare beleid uitgebrei het, het die operasionele definisie van publieke deelname groter geword om aktiwiteite soos petisies aan parlementslede, bywoning van politieke vergaderings, briewe aan kommunikasiemedia, geskrewe voorleggings aan ministers en protesaksies in te sluit. Dit het derhalwe duidelik geword dat daar verskillende maniere is betreffende publieke deelname omrede die aktiwiteite wat vloei uit die implementering van openbare beleid in verskillende gemeenskappe, verskillend is. Wat die studie merkwaardig maak is dat dit 'n nege-punt kriteriologiese model vir effektiewe publieke deelname in die openbare beleidmakingsproses voorstel. Elke kriteria word in diepte geanaliseer en dit word uitgewys hoe belangrik dit vir effektiewe publieke deelname in die openbare beleidmakingsproses is.

Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this thesis is to assess the performance appraisal system, namely the Performance Enhancement Process (PEP), of the South African Police Services at Parow. The premise of the study is that PEP is a sound policy document, but that there are potential problems with its implementation at station level. To this end, the reader is presented with an overview of the relevant literature pertaining to performance appraisals. The shift in managerial philosophy and the organisational change from a force to a service and its effect on performance appraisals are discussed. The results of the empirical study are presented and it is concluded that there are various problems with the implementation of PEP at station level. The researcher presents the following practical recommendations: - Conduct an audit; - Eliminate structural problems; - Adequate appraiser training; - Appraisee training; - Connect the PA system to other organisation systems; and - Obtain a charter from top management. The reader is then presented with a conclusion of the research. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die tesis is om die prestasie waardering stelsel van die Suid Afrikaanse Polisie Dienste, naamlik die Prestasie Verbeterings Proses (PEP), te evalueer te Parow. Die uitgangspunt van die studie is dat PEP ‘n gesonde beleidsdokument is, maar dat daar egter potensiële probleme is met die implementering daarvan op stasie vlak. Om hieraan te voldoen, word die leser voorsien van ‘n oorsig oor die toepaslike literatuur betrokke tot prestasie waardering. Die verskuiwing in bestuursfilosofie en die organisatoriese verandering van ‘n mag tot ‘n diens en die effek op prestasie waardering word bespreek. Die uitslae van die empiriese studie word aangebied en die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat daar wel verskeie probleme is met die implementering van PEP op stasievlak. Die navorser bied die volgende prakiese aanbevelings aan: - Die aanvoer van ‘n oudit; - Eliminering van struktuele probleme; - Voldoende “appraiser” opleiding; - “Appraisee” opleiding; - Opkoppeling van die waardeeringstelsel met ander organisatoriese stelsels; en - Kry ‘n handves van topbestuur. Die leser voorsien van ’n gevolgtrekking oor die studie.

Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study was embarked upon to evaluate the contribution which World Vision as agent and catalyst of development has made towards addressing social issues in Lesotho. Specifically, the study evaluates Taung Area Development Programme which is one of the World Vision community development programmes established to improve social conditions in the rural communities particularly, in Tsoloane, Ha-Mopoane and Qhalasi. The study seeks to investigate three important areas; 1. Participation: to assess whether the communities have been involved in the planning of the projects, identified their own priorities for the projects or used their lands and other resources to exercise control over their economic, social and cultural development. 2. Empowerment: to assess how the projects have strengthened the capacity of local communities. This includes the transfer of skills through training for the purpose of equipping people to engage in their own development. 3. Sustainability: to assess the long-term viability of the projects. Data was gathered through the use of qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques. To conduct both methods a snowball technique was applied. The data gathered was tabulated in graphs and pie charts. The results were then discussed and analysed in terms of the aims of this research. Regarding participation, the findings of the study revealed that to a large extent people were able to participate in the planning of the projects. People were able to identify their objectives and make a decision to embark on Income Generating Activities (IGA) such as raising poultry and pigs, sewing, and making baskets, candles and soap. The IGA enabled project members to feed and earn income for their families. The study further revealed that while certain people were able to participate in the planning of their projects, in development activities such as the building of feeder roads, people’s participation was minimal. This blueprint and top down planning approach allowed for little public participation. The study also found that World Vision’s religious involvement was appreciated for the moral support it provided. Another important issue the study brought to light was that people had an opportunity to use their indigenous knowledge in their projects. Regarding empowerment, almost all the respondents believed that World Vision played an important role by training people to handle various activities within projects. Apart from the training given, people also acquired different skills and knowledge. Most of the respondents acquired technical and economic knowledge, while others became skilful in farming and health matters as well as in handcraft. Empowerment in the Taung Area Development Programme has also manifested itself through the improved living conditions of the local people. The study found that infrastructure such as schools and roads have been established. As regards primary health care, respondents indicated that they had access to clean water due to the presence of a community tap. HIV/AIDS awareness, disease prevention campaigns and the building of toilets have contributed to improved living conditions in the Taung Area Development Programme. Though HIV/AIDS awareness and disease prevention campaigns were essential for primary health care, few people were knowledgeable about deadly diseases such as HIV/AIDS. As a result there was still a need for World Vision to underpin the spread of HIV/AIDS awareness within the communities. Sustainability has been attributed to the long-term survival of the development projects and their future operation. The findings of this study confirmed that people in the Taung Area Development Programme were optimistic that the skills and knowledge they have acquired, and the projects themselves will generate resources and continue to operate after World Vision’s departure, especially with regard to IGA projects. The study results confirmed that people who mainly engaged in development activities such as at Qhalasi showed that they could only utilise their skills and knowledge to a small degree. The main conclusion reached by the study is that the Taung Area Development Programme as one of World Vision’s programmes has to a large extent transformed the lives of the local people. As a result of World Vision involvement in the Taung Area Development Programme, people-centred development is manifestly seen to promote the participation and empowerment of the people as well as the sustainability of the development projects. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om die bydrae wat World Vision as agent en katalisator van ontwikkeling gemaak het om sosiale kwessies in Lesotho aan te spreek te bepaal. Die studie, meer spesifiek evalueer die Taung Area Develoment Programme, wat een van World Vision se gemeenskapontwikkelingprogramme is wat gevestig is om maatskaplike toestande in landelike gebiede te bevorder veral in Tsoloane, Ha-Mopoane en Qhalasi. Die studie poog om drie belangrike areas te ondersoek; 1. Deelname: om te bepaal of gemeenskappe betrek was by die beplanning van die projekte, deur die identifikasie van hulle eie prioriteite vir die projekte, of die gebruik van hul grond en ander hulpmiddels om beheer oor hul eie ekonomiese, sosiale en kulturele ontwikkeling uit te oefen. 2. Bemagtiging: om vas te stel in watter mate die programme die kapasiteit van plaaslike gemeenskappe versterk het. Dit sluit in die oordrag van vaardighede deur opleiding, om mense toe te rus om in hulle eie ontwikkeling betrokke te raak. 3. Volhoubaarheid: om die langtermyn lewensvatbaarheid van die projekte te bepaal. Data is versamel deur die gebruik van kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe data-insamelingstegnieke. Om albei tegnieke uit te voer was die sneeubal steekproeftegniek toegepas. Die data wat versamel was, is in grafieke aangebied. Die resultate was daarna geanaliseer en bespreek in terme van hierdie studie se doelstellings. Met betrekking tot deelname, het die bevindings van die studie bewys dat die betrokke mense in ’n groot mate bevoeg was om deel te neem aan die beplanning van die projekte. Mense was bevoeg om doelwitte te identifiseer en besluite te neem om inkomste-genererende aktiwiteite (IGA) aan te pak. Die aktiwiteite het pluimvee en varkboerdery, naaldwerk, en die maak van mandjies, kerse en seep ingesluit. Die IGA het dit vir projeklede moontlik gemaak om kos en ’n inkomste vir hulle families te verdien. Die studie het verder vasgestel dat, afgesien van die feit dat sommige mense bevoeg was om aan die beplanning van hul projekte deel te neem, die deelname in ontwikkelingsprojekte soos die bou van toeganspaaie, minimaal was. Die tipiese “van bo na onder’’ voorskriftelike benadering tot beplanning het min geleentheid vir publieke deelname toegelaat. Die studie het ook bevesting dat die godsdienstige betrokkenheid van World Vision, weens die morele ondersteuning wat dit bied, hoog gewaardeer was. Nog ’n belangrike aspek wat die studie aan die lig gebring het, was dat die mense die kans gebied was om hul inheemse kennis in hul projeke aan te wend. Met betrekking tot bemagtiging, het feitlik al die respondente geglo dat World Vision ’n belangrike rol gespeel het om mense op te lei om veskeie aktiwiteite binne hul projekte uit te voer. Benewens die opleiding wat ontvang was, het die mense ook verskeie vaardighede en kennis opgedoen. Die meerderheid van die respondente het tegniese en ekonomiese kennis opgedoen, terwyl andere in landbou en gesondheidsaangeleenthede en ook handwerk vaardig geword het. Bemagtiging in die Taung Area Development Programme is ook deur die verbetering in die lewensomstandinghede van die plaaslike bevolking geopenbaar. Die studie het ook gevind dat die infrastruktuur met die bou van skole en paaie verbeter was. Met betrekking tot primêre gesondheid, het die respondente bevesting dat hulle toegang tot skoon water gekry het deur middel van ’n gemeenskaplike kraan. Veldtogte soos MIV/VIGS bewusmaking, voorkoming van siektes en die bou van toilette het tot verbeterde lewensomstandinghede in die Taung Area Development Programme bygedra. Afgesien van veldtogte soos MIV/VIGS en siektevoorkoming wat vir primêre gesondheidsorg belangrik is, beskik min mense kennis van dodelike siektes soos MIV/VIGS. Dit blyk dus dat World Vision meer klem sal moet lê op die verspreiding van kennis van MIV/VIGS binne die gemeenskappe. Die langtermyn oorlewing van die ontwikkelingsprojekte sal aan volhoubaarheid gekoppel moet word. Die bevindings van hierdie studie bevestig dat mense in die Taung Area Development Programme optimisties was dat die vaardighede en kennis wat hulle verkry het, en die projekte, selfhulpmiddels sal genereer wat nog in werking sal wees lank na die vertrek van World Vision, veral met betrekking tot die IGA projekte. Hierdie studie bevestig dat persone wat hoofsaaklik betrokke was by ontwikkelingsprojekte soos by Qhalasi, net tot ’n geringe mate hulle vaardighede en kennis kon gebruik. Die belangriskte slotsom wat hierdie studie bereik het was dat die Taung Area Development Programme, as een van die World Vision programme, in ’n groot mate die lewens van die plaaslike mense getransformeer het. As gevolg van World Vision se betrokkenheid in die Taung Area Development Programme, word mensgesentreerde ontwikkeling nou gesien as bevordelik vir die betrokkenheid en bemagtiging van die bevolking sowel as die volhoubaarheid van die ontwikkelingsprojekte.

Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The basic principles of the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) include “an integrated and sustainable programme” and “a people-driven process”. Section 2.3 of the RDP identifies the National Public Works Programme (NPWP) as a key implementation strategy of the RDP, with the primary purpose of creating jobs and providing community infrastructure, in a manner that impacts on the socio-economic conditions of the poor (ANC, 1994:1-18). The NPWP was operationalised in late 1995 as a Community Based Public Works Project (CBPWP) to carry out this broad mandate. Government was faced by numerous challenges in the form of poverty, joblessness, a shrinking economy and lack of job-related skills. The expectations were also high that after long years of struggle and suffering, an ANC-led Government would deliver a better life soon. Wittingly or unwittingly, in the face of these challenges and mounting expectations, Government rushed to deliver a better life through school feeding schemes, free health care to children under the age of six and to pregnant women and allocated about R250m to the Department of Public Works to deliver a job creation and poverty relief programme. It was this rush that saw the Government losing sight of important conditions for sustainable delivery of goods and services. The purpose of the study is to show that the Community Based Public Works Programme of the Department of Public Works, which was implemented in Groutville in 1996, failed to bring about visible change. The starting point is to create a contextual framework for the research problem and the suggested answer (Bless & Higson - Smith, 1995:37), which is established through various means in the sections that follow. The first part, the literature review, offers both conceptual and operational definitions (Bless & Higson - Smith, 1995:35-37) of key concepts or variables that form elements of the research problem and the proposed hypothesis. Methodology and research design outlines the process, procedure and instruments used to test the hypothesis. The section on data analysis gives an overview on how data on the general field of interest (Brynard & Hanekom, 1997:48-50), community development (De Beer & Swanepoel, 1998:17-28), is filtered to focus on the National Public Works Programme (NPWP) and the Community Based Public Works Programme (CBPWP) as strategies for community development , using Groutville as a case study. As part of data analysis, using the model of Brynard & Hanekom (1997:54-55) viewpoints of authors on community development are integrated in the context of the results and data obtained. Finally, the study outlines and discusses the results and recommendations. The reliability and generalizability of the findings is based on consistence between the findings of this particular study and the CASE/ILO Report, on the one hand, and the empirical evidence as provided by grassroots structures and as observed by the researcher. The study finds that while the project succeeded in targeting women and youth, employment opportunities could not be sustained. In addition there is no evidence of training and the ability of employees to use skills gained during the life of the project to earn a decent living. Finally, the study also finds that one of the major failures of the CBPWP, in addition to a lack of sustainability, was that it was not co-ordinated and integrated with other local development initiatives such as the Masakhane Campaign, the Clean and Green Campaign and the Local Economic Development Plan. The study concludes by suggesting recommendations, which include: - • The need to redefine sustainability in a way that does not emphasize the quality and life span of infrastructure but prioritizes the beneficiaries’ ability to use the infrastructure and skills gained to engage in productive economic activities; • Recognize local leadership and built capacity before a project is introduced; • Focus, as part of capacity building, on institutional development and organizational development for local communities; • Communicate and seek consensus on the goals and intended objectives of the programme; • Link national programmes with local economic development plans and initiatives and education and training for life-long employment. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die basiese beginsels van die Heropbou en Ontwikkelingsprogram (HOP) sluit ‘n geïntegreerde volhoubare program en ‘n gemeenskapsgeïnspireerde proses in. Die Nasionale Openbare Werke Program (NOWP) is as ‘n sleutel implementeringstrategie geïdentifiseer in klousule 2.3 van die HOP met die primêre doel om werkverskaffing en die voorsiening van infrastruktuur aan die gemeenskap te lewer. Die primêre doel is om ‘n impak te lewer op die sosio-ekonomiese toestand van die hulpbehoewende persoon. (ANC, 1994:1-18). Die NOWP is in 1995 as ‘n Gemeenskapsgebaseerde Openbare Werke Program in werking gestel om hierdie breë mandaat uit te voer. Die Staat was gekonfronteer met verskeie uitdagings wat onder andere armoede, werkloosheid, ‘n krimpende ekonomie en die gebrek aan toepaslike werksgeoriënteerde vaardighede ingesluit het. Hoë verwagtinge is van die ANC regering gekoester om na die lang jare van stryd en lyding ‘n beter lewe vir almal te verseker. Wetende of onwetende, in die aangesig van al hierdie uitdagings en verwagtinge, het die Staat beleid bepaal wat daarop gemik was om dienstelewering te versnel ten einde ‘n beter lewe te waarborg. Hierdie beleid het voedingskemas by skole en gratis gesondheidsorg aan kinders onder die ouderdom van ses jaar en verwagtende vroue verskaf. Daar is ook ‘n bedrag van R250 miljoen bewillig aan die Departement van Openbare Werke om ‘n armoedeverligting en werkverskaffingsprogram daar te stel. Dit was as gevolg van hierdie druk waaronder die Staat verkeer het, dat die belangrike vereistes vir volhoubare lewering van goedere en dienste uit die oog verloor is. Die doel van hierdie studie is om te bewys dat die Gemeenskapsgebaseerde Openbare Werke Program, soos onder andere geïmplementeer in Groutville in 1996, nie daarin geslaag het om enige merkbare veranderinge teweeg te bring nie. Die aanvangspunt vir hierdie studie is om ‘n kontekstuele raamwerk vir die navorsingsprobleem daar te stel, met toepaslike moontlike oplossings, (Bless & Higson - Smith, 1995:37), wat geskep is deur verskeie middele te ondersoek in die gedeeltes wat volg. Die eerste gedeelte, naamlik die literatuurstudie, verskaf konseptuele en algemene gebruiksdefinisies (Bless & Higson - Smith, 1995:35-37) van sleutelkonsepte of veranderlikes wat die kritiese elemente van die navorsingsprobleem en die voorgestelde hipotese vorm. Die metodiek en navorsingsontwerp-raamwerk omskryf die proses, prosedure en instrumente wat gebruik is om die hipotese te toets. Die gedeelte oor data-analise gee ‘n oorsig oor hoe die data wat betrekking het op die algemene veld van belangstelling (Brynard & Hanekom, 1997:48- 50), naamlik gemeenskapsontwikkeling (De Beer & Swanepoel, 1998:17-28) gefiltreer is om te fokus op die Nasionale Openbare Werke Program en die Gemeenskapsgebaseerde Openbare Werke Program wat as strategieë vir gemeenskapsontwikkeling in die Groutville gevallestudie gebruik is. As deel van die data-analise is die Bryard & Hanekom (1997:54- 55) model gebruik om verskillende standpunte van verskeie skrywers aangaande gemeenskapsontwikkeling te integreer met die resultate en die inligting wat ingesamel is. Die laaste afdeling bespreek die bevindinge en maak aanbevelings. Bevindinge in hierdie studie gemaak kan as algemeen betroubaar beskou word. Die stelling word gebaseer op die feit dat ‘n konsekwente ooreenstemming telkemale verkry is tussen die bevindinge van die spesifieke studie soos vervat in die CASE/ILO - verslag, en die empiriese bewyslewering, soos voorsien deur voetsoolvlak gemeenskapstrukture en soos waargeneem deur die navorser. Bevindinge van die studie sluit die volgende in; die Groutville projek het daarin geslaag om vroue en die jeug te betrek, maar dit kon nie daarin slaag om volhoubare werkverskaffing te verskaf nie. Daar kon ook geen bewys gevind word dat opleiding plaasgevind het nie, en die werknemers wat vaardighede aangeleer het gedurende die verloop van die projek, kon nie hul vermoë bewys om hierdie vaardighede sodanig aan te wend om ‘n ordentlike bestaan te voer nie. Ten slotte het die studie bevind dat een van die hoof tekortkominge van die GBOWP was, tesame met die gebrek aan volhoubaarheid van die program, die gebrek aan ko-ordinasie en integrering met ander plaaslike ontwikkelingsinisiatiewe, soos onder andere die Masakhane projek, die “Clean and Green” projek en die plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkelingsplan. Die laaste gedeelte van die studie stel die volgende aanbevelings voor: • Om volhoubaarheid op plaaslike vlak so te definieër dat die klem nie geplaas word op die lewensverwagting van infrastruktuur nie, maar dat voorkeur eerder verleen word aan die vermoë van die gemeenskap om hierdie infrastruktuur te gebruik, en die vaardighede wat aangeleer is in die proses, om betrokke te raak in produktiewe volhoubare ekonomiese aktiwiteite; • Om plaaslike leierskap te erken, en om toepaslike bekwaamhede op te bou, voordat ‘n projek aangebied en geïmplementeer word; • As deel van die opbou van bekwaamhede, moet klem geplaas word op institusionele en organisatoriese ontwikkeling van plaaslike gemeenskappe; • Eenstemmigheid moet verkry word rakende die doelwitte van die program; • Skakel nasionale programme in by plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkelingsplanne en inisiatiewe, en verseker opvoeding en opleiding vir lewenslange indiensneming.

Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa has the world’s highest adult HIV infection rate in the world. Experts estimate that over 1 500 people are being infected with the HIV virus per day in South Africa. The virus is undoubtedly having a negative impact on the labour population of the country and will ultimately affect the productivity of South Africa. The Constitution of South Africa, Act 108 of 1996, firmly denounces any form of unfair discrimination. The White Paper on Defence charges the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) to be an operationally ready force. The potentially crippling effect HIV and AIDS can have on the effectiveness of SANDF is an area that needs to be researched. The military environment is unique in that it is considered to be a high-risk organisation in terms of HIV infection. Overseas deployment, male-dominated environments, risk-taking ethos and monthly income are all elements that accelerate the spread of HIV within the SANDF. The SANDF is a dominant member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and is involved in Peace Support Operations (PSO) throughout the African continent. This military intervention is predicted to increase with time. HIV in sub-Saharan Africa has infected over 30 million people – many with little or no primary health care. The South African coastline is nearly 3 000km in length with six world-class harbours. These are strategic points that contribute to South Africa’s economic prosperity on the African continent. It is the SA Navy’s role to ensure that these harbours are well-guarded. The personnel responsible for patrolling the waters of the South African coastline need to be exposed to the proper training to be competent at this task. Military training needs to prepare learners in the event of combat. This simulation of the combat environment may lead to injuries that heighten the threat of HIV transmission. SANDF training units traditionally discharge those members who are medically unable to complete the mental and physical requirements of the course. The Military Training for Officers Part One (MTO1) course of the SA Navy is no different. HIV has created a new dynamic in that medical confidentiality protects the status of those people who are infected. Current SANDF policy does not offer sufficient guidelines to training units when dealing with learners who are infected with HIV. Human rights are constitutionally protected and unfair discrimination of any form is prohibited. The SANDF still needs to be operationally deployable and uniform members with HIV hinder this requirement. The question really is: is it fair discrimination to disallow/remove uniform members from the MTO1 course if they are HIV positive? The purpose of this research is to establish what the best practises would be in managing HIV positive learners in the military training environment. The work environment would have to be researched to determine whether or not the threat of HIV transmission exists. Learners would be approached to determine if they felt they were at risk during training exercises. The training staff who execute the training exercises would need to be asked if they felt endangered or exposed to HIV infection during these exercises. Military medical personnel who deal with either training or HIV in their everyday jobs would then review this data. The social stigma surrounding HIV is one of the challenges within this research design. The ethics and legality of mandatory HIV testing in the SANDF is an area that has sparked reaction from human rights movements. The compromising of human rights for the sake national security is an area of proportionality that raises new debates with the advent of HIV. There are various alternatives of managing HIV within the SANDF that should be considered. The current SANDF HIV policy is, at best, vague when dealing with specific training issues. This research intends on making policy-makers within the SANDF aware of the need to make definitive policy decisions to ensure that HIV does not compromise the effectiveness of the SANDF. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hoogste volwasse HIV infeksie in die wêreld, kom tans in Suid Afrika voor. Deskundiges is van mening dat daar daagliks in Suid Afrika meer as 1500 mense met die virus besmet word. Die virus het ‘n definitiewe negatiewe impak op die Suid Afrikaanse arbeidsmark, en sal onomwonde die produktiwiteit van Suid Afrika beinvloed. Die Suid Afrikaanse Grondwet, Wet 108 van 1996 verbied onomwende enige vorm van onbillike diskriminasie. Die Witskrif ten opsigte van Verdediging verwag van die Suid Afrikaanse Nasionale Weermag (SANW) om 'n operasioneel voorbereide mag te wees. Die potensiële krippelende effek wat HIV/VIGS op die effektiwiteit van die SANW kan hê is ‘n area wat indiringende navorsing benodig. Die militere omgewing is uniek in die opsig dat dit beskou word as ‘n hoë risisko organisasie in terme van HIV infeksie. Internationale ontplooiings, manlik-georiënteerde omgewings, risiko-bepalende faktore, en maandelikse inkomste is almal elemente wat die verspreiding van HIV binne die SANW verhoog. Die SANW is die dominante lid van die Suider Afrikaanse Ontwikkelings Gemeenskap en is betrokke in vredes ondersteunnings operasies binne Afrika. Die word in die vooruitsig gesien dat die bogenoemde intervensies met tyd sal toeneem. In die Sub-Saharastreek het die HIV virus reeds 30 miljoen mense geïnfekteer – baie met min, of geen primêre gesondheidsorg tot hul beskikking. Die Suid Afrikaanse kuslyn is bykans 3 000 km in lengte, met ses wereldstandaard hawens, geleë langs die kuslyn. Laasgenoemde is strategiese punte wat bydra tot die ekonomiese vooruitgang binne die Afrika kontinent. Dit is die SA Vloot se verantwoordelikheid om toe te sien dat die hawens goed bewaak word. Die personeel verantwoordelik vir die patrolering van die waters langs die Suid Afrikaanse kuslyn moet blootstelling kry aan voldoende opleiding om die taak te kan verrig. Militêre opleiding moet leerders voorberei vir die moontlikheid van konflik. Hierdie simulering van die gevegs/konflik omgewing mag lei tot beserings wat die risiko ten opsigte van HIV verspreiding mag verhoog. Die SANW opleidingseenhede, het tradisioneel lede ontslaan wat nie aan die fisiese en geestelike vereistes van die kursus kon voldoen nie. Die Militêre opleiding vir Offisiere Deel Een kursus (MOO1) binne die SA Vloot is presies dieselfde. HIV het ‘n nuwe dinamika veroorsaak naamlik, mediese vertroulikheid, wat die status van geaffekteerde lede beskerm. Huidige SANW beleid verskaf onvoldoende riglyne aan opleidingseenhede vir die hantering van leerders wat die HIV virus onder hande het. Mense-regte word konstitusioneel beskerm en enige vorm van diskriminasie word verbied. Daar word egter steeds van die SANW verwag om operasioneel ontplooibaar te wees, en uniform lede met HIV verhinder hierdie bepaling. Die vraag is: Is dit billike diskriminasie om lede wat HIV positief is van die MOO1 kursus te verwyder? Die doel van hierdie navorsing is om te bepaal wat die beste praktyke sou wees in die bestuur van HIV-positiewe leerders in die militêre opleidings omgewing. Die werksomgewing sal nagevors moet word om te bepaal of die bedreiging van HIV-verspreiding bestaan aldan nie. Leerders sal genader moet word om te bepaal of hul ter eniger tyd gedurende opleidingsoefeninge gevoel het dat die risisko van blootstelling te hoog was. Die opleidings staflede wat die opleidings oefeninge oorsien sal gevra moet word of hul ter enige tyd bedreig of blootgestel gevoel het tot HIV infeksie. Militêre mediese personeel wat daagliks met opleiding of deur middel van hul daaglikse werk met HIV te doen het sal die data hersien. Die sosiale stigma ten opsigte van HIV-toetsing is een van die uitdagings binne hierdie navorsings onderwerp. Die etiek en regsgeldigheid van verpligte HIVtoetsing binne die SANW is ‘n area wat geweldige reakise ontlok het van menseresgte bewegings. Die kompromittering van menseregte ten gunste van nasionale sekuriteit is ‘n area van proportionaliteit wat nuwe debatering openbaar in die koms van HIV. Daar is verskeie alternatiewe vir die bestuur van HIV binne die SANW, wat oorweeg kan word. Die huidige SANW HIV beleid is, ten beste, uiters vaag met die hantering van spesiefieke opleidingsgeleenthede. Die navorsing beoog om beleidsmakers binne die SANW bewus te maak van die behoefte om definitiewe besluite te verseker dat HIV nie die effektiwitet van die SANW beinvloed nie.

Thesis (MPA (School of Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / This thesis acknowledges the extent to which the South African society has been polarised by the policies and practices resulting from Apartheid. The safeguarding of rights, equal access to and the guarantee of service delivery to all South African citizens became one of the cornerstones of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (Act 108 of 1996) and one of the vehicles of change and redress. The legislative framework created guides the manner in which the three spheres of government achieve these objectives as one in which they work in a cooperative manner to secure its developmental objectives as captured by the United Nations in the Millennium Development Goals. The growth and development strategies, for which the three spheres of government are responsible, are identified, outlined and analysed to demonstrate the common developmental thread of the three spheres of government. A case is built for the use of the Human Development Index (HDI) as one of indices that could be used as a means of assessing human development. It is further described as an effective methodology in determining the developmental level of people. This methodology is used as an illumining tool to provide support for the provisional comparative analysis of the growth and development strategies of the three spheres of government on the City of Cape Town and the alignment of these strategies to the MDG. The writer will calculate the HDI of the inhabitants of the City of Cape Town and compare these to the provincial and national HDI. The results and findings will be analysed and recommendations and conclusions will follow. The calculations and provisional tentative findings of the HDI of the three spheres of government are provided in Appendix A. Interrelatedness of strategies and deliberate cascading of objectives will be emphasised in terms of the benefit of directive focusing of energies for all three spheres of government. The writer will demonstrate the degree to which these strategies have been deliberately integrated and jointly coordinated by the three spheres of government. The difficulty experienced in accessing adequate data sets has emphasised the need for all three spheres of government to prioritise the coordinated collection, compilation and making data available to ensure that the policy options that are chosen are evidence based and outcomes focussed. This is a significant concern since UN based funding is dependant on well-documented and researched policy options. Findings and recommendations with respect to the comparative analysis are presented in the final chapter with recommendations for future study.