Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study is an exploration of Richard Florida’s Creative Class theory within an African city context. The economic value of the Creative Class is that their work revolves around innovation, a quality seen as essential to ‘new economy’ urban growth. Quality of place (that which makes ‘New York, New York’) is said to attract the Creative Class to certain cities, as lifestyle amenities are valued as much as employment opportunities. Nairobi is an example of an African city currently attracting both Kenyan and expatriate Creative Class workers, particularly in the information and communication technology (ICT) sector. The research aimed to understand why this group chose to live in Nairobi and to describe Nairobi’s quality of place, with a particular focus on infrastructure disruption. Overall, the Western city is the reference point for Creative Class literature and quality of place is embedded within a framework of urbanisation through industrialisation - a period known as the first urbanisation wave. The fastest growing cities on the African continent (Nairobi included) are part of the second urbanisation wave, an urbanisation process spurred by a set of vastly different dynamics in which industrialisation is virtually inconsequential. Urbanisation through industrialisation induced concomitant investments into infrastructure and thus it is unsurprising that the Creative Class literature assumes that urban infrastructure is ‘always on’ – available at all times as an inherent attribute of place. The point of the study was not to draw modernist comparisons, but rather to emphasise that notions of quality of place are incomplete given the rise of technological innovation in urban Africa, where cities often suffer from disruption of basic infrastructure. Until more recently, African cities did not feature in the Creative Class literature; the predominantly rural focus of ICT diffusion in the literature is a contributing factor to the lack of information on the Creative Class in African cities. The case study revealed that Nairobi’s quality of place is fundamentally different to normative prescriptions given to urban planners and, in some instances, is highly frustrating and unattractive. Contrary to Florida’s theory, those interviewed were not leaving Nairobi in search of cities with higher quality of place attributes or better infrastructure provision – individuals were rooted to the city because of their work and the professional networks with which they were associated. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie is ‘n verkenning van Richard Florida se teorie van Kreatiewe Klas binne die konteks van ‘n Afrika-stad. Die ekonomiese waarde van die Kreatiewe Klas is dat hul werk rondom innovasie draai, wat as noodsaaklik beskou word vir die stedelike groei van die “nuwe ekonomie”. Plekkwaliteit (dit wat ‘New York, New York’ maak) lok luidens Florida se teorie die Kreatiewe Klas na sekere stede, aangesien hulle leefstylgeriewe net so hoog soos werksgeleenthede op die prys stel. Nairobi is ‘n voorbeeld van ‘n Afrika-stad wat tans beide Keniaanse en buitelandse werkers van die Kreatiewe Klas lok, veral na die plaaslike Informasie- en Kommunikasietegnologiesektor (IKT-sektor). Die navorsing het gepoog om te verstaan waarom hierdie groep gekies het om in Nairobi te woon asook om Nairobi se plekkwaliteit te beskryf, met ‘n spesifieke klem op die onderbreking van infrastruktuur. Oor die algemeen is die Westerse stad die vertrekpunt vir literatuur oor die Kreatiewe Klas. Daarby word plekkwaliteit gewoonlik beskou binne die raamwerk van “verstedeliking deur industrialisering”, wat bekend staan as die eerste verstedelikingsgolf. Die vinnig groeiendste stede op die Afrika-vasteland (insluitend Nairobi) is deel van ‘n tweede verstedelikingsgolf wat deur gans ander dinamika gedryf word, waarvan industrialisering ‘n feitlik weglaatbare faset is. Verstedeliking deur industrialisering het tot gelyktydige beleggings in infrastruktuur aanleiding gegee, dus maak dit sin dat literatuur oor die Kreatiewe Klas aanvaar dat stedelike infrastruktuur “altyd aan” is – dit wil sê, immerbeskikbaar as ‘n onafskeidelike kenmerk van die plek. Die doel van die studie was nie om modernistiese vergelykings te tref nie, maar om te beklemtoon dat begrippe van plekkwaliteit onvolledig is gegewe die opkoms van tegnologiese innovasie in stedelike Afrika, waar stede dikwels ly aan onderbrekings van basiese infrastruktuur. Tot baie onlangs is Afrika-stede nie genoem in literatuur oor die Kreatiewe Klas nie; die oorwegend landelike fokus van die verspreiding van IKT dra ook by tot die gebrek aan inligting aangaande die Kreatiewe Klas in Afrikastede. Die gevallestudie het onthul dat Nairobi se plekkwaliteit in wese anders is as die normatiewe voorskrifte wat aan stadsbeplanners voorgehou word en dat dit selfs, in sommige gevalle, uiters frustrerend en onaantreklik is. In teenstelling met Florida se teorie was diegene met wie onderhoude gevoer is, nie van plan om Nairobi te verlaat op soek na stede met hoër plekkwaliteitkenmerke of beter infrastruktuur nie – dié individue was gevestig in die stad weens hul werk en die professionele netwerke waarmee hul geskakel het.

Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The pivotal role played by public participation in a social context is often undermined by change agents or administrators of government projects. The role of public participation is documented in Chapter 10 of the Constitution (South Africa, 1996). It states that “… people`s needs must be responded to, and the public must be encouraged to participate in policy making”. Besides the Constitution (South Africa, 1996) there are also other legislative frameworks that enshrine the right to public participation. Some of these provisions are included in the White Paper on Local Government (South Africa, 1998c), the White Paper on Transforming Public Service Delivery (South Africa, 1997b), the Integrated Development Plans, and others. It has to be acknowledged that public participation is the fundamental element for the success of development projects geared towards the social upliftment of poor communities. Poor communities, by omission or commission, are often excluded from direct participation in social projects. This study was prompted by the lack of effective public participation in the RDP housing project in the Elias Motswaledi Local Municipality, where the project was used as a case study. Qualitative research methods, well-founded theories and a literature study were used to inform the study. Forty-nine (49) respondents were interviewed. By collecting and interpreting relevant data, the study was able to assess the extent of public participation that had taken place. The study then proceeded to make recommendations as to how the situation could have been handled and to formulate public participation model that would be context relevant to the area. Unfortunately, the Elias Motswaledi Local Municipality housing project is now a thing of the past and cannot be revisited. Fortunately, however, similar projects will be able to learn valuable lessons from this study in the future. Ultimately, the research illustrated that a strategy of comprehensive public participation that includes all project beneficiaries has to be well planned and well managed to promote and ensure the successful implementation of the project. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die rol wat deur publieke deelname gespeel moet word in die administrasie van regeringsprojekte word uit eengesit in Hoofstuk 10 van die Grondwet (Suid Afrika, 1996). Dit stipuleer da tdaar op mense se behoeftes gereageer moet word en dat die publiek aangemoedig moet word om deel te neem aan beleidsformulering. Behalwe die Grondwet (Suid Afrika, 1996) is daar ook ander wetgewende raamwerke wat die reg op publieke deelname bevestig. Sommige van hierdie bepalings is ingesluit in die Witskrif op Plaaslike Regering (Suid Afrika, 1998c), die Witskrif op Transformasie van Openbare Dienslewering (Suid Afrika, 1997b), die Geїntegreerde Ontwikkelings planne, ensovoorts. Dit moet ook erken word dat publieke deelname die basis vorm vir die sukses van ontwikkelings projekte wat gerig is op die sosiale bemagtiging van ons gemeenskappe. Openbare amptenare neem doelbewus nie altyd die belangrikheid van direkte deelname aan sosiale projekte in ag nie. Hierdie studie is juis aangespoor deur die afwesigheid van effektiewe publieke deelname in die HOP behuisings projekte in die Elias Motswaledi Munisipaliteit waar die Monsterlus HOP projek as `n gevalle studie gebruik is. Die studie maak gebruik van ‘n kwalitatiewe metode, gegronde teorie so wel as `n literatuur studie. Onderhoude is onderneem en nege-en-veertig (49) onderhoude is gevoer. Nadat die data versamel en geїnterpreteer is, het die studie die omvang van publieke deelname wat plaasgevind het geassesseer. Aanbevelings is gemaak oor hoe die oewerhede die situasie beter kon hanteer het, en ‘n publieke deelname model is geformuleer wat relevant tot die area is. Die nadeel is dat die Elias Motswaledi behuisings projek afgehandel is en uiteraard nie teruggedraai kan word nie. Die voordeel is egter dat toekomstige projekte deur die studie bevoordeel kan word. Die navorsing wys daarop dat publieke deelname strategieё wat alle rolspelers insluit, deeglik beplan en bestuur moet word, voor die aanvang van die projek sowel as gedurende die projek se implementering.

Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Democratic South African government inaugurated in 1994 identified the need for intermediate skills that are required to contribute to the growth of the economy and to reduce the high unemployment rate. Further Education and Training Colleges (FETC) were established after 1994 by merging the former 152 technical colleges into 50 FETCs. The function of these FETCs was to offer intermediate skills to the youth, women, and employed and unemployed South Africans. The South African government introduced a number of strategies, Acts and policies to support the colleges and to implement demand-driven intermediate skills programmes which would close the skills gap and improve the growth of the economy. These policies seek to ensure that skills offered at colleges are aligned to the needs of industry and to make sure that the college programmes will be in demand in the work place. The study presented is aimed at investigating this alignment by evaluating how apprentices in the final stage of their vocational training perform and meet the demands at their work places. A number of strategies used by different countries to support and develop their education systems are discussed. The discussion is directed at considering how vocational education ensures a positive contribution to skills development and what its impact is on the growth of the economy. This study provides a comprehensive policy and legislative framework which governs and supports the higher education institutions and the FETCs. The study was designed to determine whether welding apprentices from the College are, according to the work place staff and management and stakeholder bodies, appropriately equipped with vocational skills and knowledge to execute their duties at the work place. The evaluation and analysis of the data extracted from the responses of the interviews and questionnaires are presented and discussed. The results enabled the researcher to conclude that the evaluation of apprentice performance at the work place provides significant insight into the question of how vocational training and knowledge at the WCFETC meet the demands at the work place. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die demokratiese Suid-Afrikaanse Regering, wat in 1994 ingehuldig is, het die behoefte aan intermediêre vaardighede om die groei van die ekonomie en die van die hoë werkloosheidssyfer te verlig, geïdentifiseer. Verdere Onderwys en Opleiding Kolleges (VOOKS) is na 1994 totstand gebring deur die samesmelting van 152 voormalige Tegniese kolleges tot 50 VOOKS. Die funksie van die Verdere Onderwys en Opleiding Kolleges was om intermediêre vaardighede aan die jeug, vrouens en Suid-Afrikaners in diens of werkloos, te verskaf. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Regering het ´n aantal strategieë, wette en beleidsrigtings aangeneem om die kolleges te ondersteun en om die aanvraag-gedrewe intermediêre vaardigheidsprogramme te implementeer wat dan die vaardigheidsgaping sou vernou en die groei van die ekonomie sou bevorder. Hierdie beleidsrigting beoog om te verseker dat vaardighede wat by die Kolleges aangebied word, belyn is met die industrie as ook om te verseker dat die kollege programme benodig word in die werksplek. Die studie is gemik daarop om hierdie belyning te ondersoek en te evalueer hoe vakleerlinge in die laaste stadium van hulle ambagsopleiding vaar, en voldoen aan die eise van die werksplek. ´n Aantal strategieë wat deur verskillende lande gebruik word, om hulle eie opvoedingsstelsels te ontwikkel, word bespreek. Die bespreking verwys na hoe ambagsopvoeding ´n toevoeging tot vaardigheidsontwikkeling kan verseker en wat die impak daarvan op die groei van die ekonomie het. ´n Alomvattende beleid en ´n wetsraamwerk, wat Hoër OpvoedingsInstansies en die Verdere Onderwys en Opleiding Kolleges beheer en ondersteun, word verskaf. Die studie is ontwerp om te bepaal of die sweis vakleerlinge van die kollege, volgens die werksplek personeel en -bestuur en belanghebbende liggame, toepaslik toegerus en bevoeg is met ambagsvaardighede en kennis om die pligte van die werksplek uit te voer. Die evaluering en analise van die data, afgelei van die terugvoering van die onderhoude en vraelyste, word weergegee en voledig bespreek. Die resultate stel die navorser in staat om tot die gevolgtrekking te kom dat die evaluering van vakleerling-werksverrigting by die werksplek merkbare insig tot die vraag hoe ambagsopleiding en kennis by die Weskus VOOK aan die eise van die werksplek voldoen. Gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings word aangebied.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa is experiencing a number of challenges, which have led to developmental backlogs, housing shortages and growing informal areas. At the same time, the country is also experiencing sustainability problems, such as climate change, biodiversity loss and resource shortages. Strategies to address these challenges do not always provide adequate space for participatory structures as suggested by Local Agenda 21. Social sustainability (the ability of communities to collaborate in order to promote sustainability) is a fundamental component of sustainable development. An essential ingredient of social sustainability is to maintain and develop the stock of social capital (social bonds, relationships of trust, and connectedness in groups and networks). The existence of conflict and distrust in communities therefore makes cooperation for development and sustainability very difficult. The purpose of this study was to examine and evaluate a specific case study, namely the Witsand Integrated Energy Environment Empowerment Cost Optimisation (iEEECO) Human Settlement Project, situated near Atlantis within the City of Cape Town, with regard to lessons about the process towards sustainable human settlements and sustainability. This case study was chosen because it is a so-called People’s Housing Project that has also been developed as an ecological sustainable project. The study specifically aimed to establish whether and how participation was implemented as part of this project and how effective this had been in promoting social sustainability, since it had also been a conflict-ridden project. The case study methodology was used where interviews, direct observation and focus groups sessions were conducted. Finally, the study reports on the findings and formulates recommendations based on the case study on some of the ways to improve sustainability. The process of learning about this community was like unpeeling an onion, that started with the impression of a successful sustainable human settlement, but ended up with the knowledge that it is a project, which despite more than usual efforts made to implement sustainability principles and participation, remains conflict ridden and fragmented. The community is presently represented by two community organisations (of which one does not support sustainability principles). It also seems as if few community members felt that they had really been involved in the participation process, with many relegated to make up numbers in meetings, with no real involvement in the process. The level of illiteracy within the community is high and rumours abound, which at one stage led to houses of community leaders, as well as field workers employed by the municipality to monitor extension of shacks, being stoned and burnt. Municipal policies to use local people as gate-keepers to keep informal areas from growing are contributing to these problems. Changes in housing policies regarding contributory payments are also adding to conflict within the community, which adds fuel to rumours of corruption. In the context of a shortage of space where people can legally build their own shacks, a shortage of public facilities like schools and clinics, as well as employment opportunities, this project cannot yet be regarded as an integrated sustainable human settlement.The lessons that this case study teaches us is about the path towards sustainability, is that it is a complex process, which requires a bigger focus on social sustainability and on conflict transformation. Social sustainability requires more and better participation and transparency in policy-making, as well as changes in policies to promote more fairness, justice, and the building of social capital. Co-production, where state and citizens work together to provide basic services, has much to offer as a method of participation, especially if initiated and run by grassroots organisations. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika beleef 'n aantal uitdagings, wat gelei het tot ontwikkelingsagterstande, behuisingstekorte en groeiende informele gebiede. Terselfdertyd ondervind die land ook volhoubaarheidsprobleme, soos klimaatverandering, die verlies aan biodiversiteit en hulpbron-tekorte. Strategieë om hierdie uitdagings aan te spreek, laat nie altyd voldoende ruimte vir deelnemende strukture soos voorgestel deur Plaaslike Agenda 21 nie. Sosiale volhoubaarheid (die vermoeë van gemeenskappe om saam te werk ten einde volhoubaarheid te bevorder) is 'n fundamentele komponent van volhoubare ontwikkeling. 'n Noodsaaklike bestanddeel van sosiale volhoubaarheid is om die voorraad van sosiale kapitaal (sosiale gom, verhoudings van vertroue, en verbondenheid in groepe en netwerke) in stand te hou en te ontwikkel. Die bestaan van konflik en wantroue in gemeenskappe maak dus samewerking vir ontwikkeling en volhoubaarheid baie moeilik. Die doel van hierdie studie was om 'n spesifieke gevallestudie te ondersoek en te evalueer, naamlik die Witsand Geïntegreerde Energie en Omgewing Bemagtiging Koste Optimisering (iEEECO) Menslike Nedersetting Projek, naby Atlantis binne die Stad Kaapstad, met betrekking tot lesse oor die proses na volhoubare menslike nedersettings en volhoubaarheid. Hierdie gevallestudie is gekies omdat dit is 'n sogenaamde gemeenskapsbehuisingprojek (People's Housing Project) is, wat ook as 'n ekologiese volhoubare projek ontwikkel is. Die studie is spesifiek daarop gemik om vas te stel of en hoe deelname as deel van hierdie projek geïmplementeer is en hoe effektief dit was om sosiale volhoubaarheid te bevorder of nie, aangesien dit ook 'n konflik-geteisterde projek was. Die gevallestudie metodologie is gebruik, waar onderhoude, direkte waarneming en fokusgroep sessies onderneem is. Ten slotte doen die studie verslag oor die bevindings en formuleer aanbevelings oor hierdie gevalle studie ten opsigte van metodes hoe om deelname te verbeter om volhoubaarheid te bevorder. Die proses van leer oor hierdie gemeenskap was soos om 'n ui af te skil, wat begin het met die indruk van 'n suksesvolle volhoubare menslike nedersetting, maar geëindig het met die wete dat dit 'n projek is, wat ten spyte van meer as die gewone pogings om volhoubaarheidsbeginsels en deelname te implementeer, deur konflik en fragmentasie gepla is. Dit word verteenwoordig deur twee gemeenskapsorganisasies (waarvan een nie volhoubaarheid beginsels ondersteun nie). Dit blyk ook asof min gemeenskapslede regtig voel dat hulle in die deelname proses betrokke was, met baie wat voel dat hulle gerelegeer was tot getalle by vergaderings, sonder regtige betrokkenheid in die proses Die vlak van ongeletterdheid in die gemeenskap is hoog en gerugte doen die ronde, wat op een stadium gelei het tot die steniging en verbrand van huise van gemeenskap leiers, sowel as veldwerkers wat deur die munisipaliteit aangestel is om die uitbreiding van plakkershutte te monitor. Dit blyk dat die munisipale beleid om plaaslike mense te gebruik as poort-wagte om die groei van informele gebiede te keer, bydra tot hierdie probleme. Veranderinge in behuising beleid ten opsigte van bydraende betalings dra ook by tot konflik binne die gemeenskap, wat gerugte van korrupsie aanvuur. In die konteks van 'n tekort aan ruimte waar mense wettiglik hul eie informele huise kan bou, 'n tekort aan openbare fasiliteite soos skole en klinieke, asook werksgeleenthede, kan hierdie projek nog nie beskou word as 'n geïntegreerde volhoubare menslike nedersetting nie. Die lesse wat hierdie gevallestudie ons kan leer oor die roete na volhoubaarheid, is dat dit 'n komplekse proses is, wat 'n groter fokus op sosiale volhoubaarheid en konflik transformasie vereis. Sosiale volhoubaarheid vereis meer en beter deelname en deursigtigheid in die maak van beleid, sowel as veranderinge in beleide om meer regverdigheid en geregtigheid te bevorder, asook die uitbou van sosiale kapitaal. Ko-produksie, waar staat en burgers saam werk om basiese dienste te lewer, het baie om te bied as 'n metode van deelname, veral as dit geïnisieer en gelei word deur voetsoolvlak organisasies.

Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: There is a rising groundswell of citizens globally questioning the equity, integrity and sustainability of the philosophies, values and institutions inherited from the 20th century. The continuum of civil disobedience has increased over time; sit ins, community unrest, uprisings and finally revolutions have marked this first decade of this new age. People are voicing their disillusionment with increased frequently, impatience and violence globally calling for the creation of a world which, in Freire’s words, is “menos feio, menos malvado, menos desumano [less ugly, less cruel, less inhumane] (Mayo, 2003:42). President Jacob Zuma at the 14th Nedlac Annual Summit in September 2009 called for a “stronger social dialogue underpinned by a sense of cooperation, and responsibility will also be important if we are to avoid a situation where the recovery ends up being business as usual. We need to find new way of doing things” (Zuma, 2009a:1). Social Franchising is a relatively new concept in the service delivery discourse having recently emerged as a sub-sector of social enterprise. Social franchising is a derivative of the long established commercial franchise model with a dual purpose of generating sustainable economic returns and advancing social good by encouraging profit making not profit taking (Mseme, 2010a:1). Social franchising has been mainly operating in the NGO sector, on the Indian sub continent, accommodated in larger private or public health institution, providing women related health services into poor communities. Recent research undertaken by Mseme (2010a) has shown social franchising should be considered as a strategic option in the delivery of public service to improve citizens development, promoting new venture creation and strengthen the developmental state at local level This study seeks to make a contribution to the limited local government body of knowledge by developing an appropriate social franchising governance model. This model aims to accelerate accessible and sustainable public community development services generally and early childhood development in particular at local level by delivering on the two primary national priorities of poverty alleviation and quality education provisioning. This study merges a number of key issues that are substantive in determining the future well being of South Africa and all of her citizens namely; affordable, universal and comprehensive service delivery, equitable quality education and cognitive development of young children and increased economic participation and wealth generation especially in marginalised and vulnerable communities within the context of the developmental state. This study is guided by a postmodernist philosophy and stems from a transformative and emancipatory approach applying Paulo Freire’s pedagogy and politics of hope that is not meant to consolidate “what is” but is driven by a vision of “what should and can be” (Mayo, 2003:42).This research has applied both empirical and non – empirical design with a mixed qualitative and quantitative component. The areas of non –empirical study were determined by the theoretical framework which focuses on developmental state, developmental local government, public service management, partnership service delivery mechanisms, early childhood development and small enterprise development. The research findings arising out of the empirical ECD needs assessment survey and case study were further explored and tested in semi structured interviews with political decision makers, policy makers, policy drafters and policy experts. This study has designed a social franchise governance model for the delivery of ECD at local government level. Its implementation however is premised on a shift of public administration mindset from bureaucracy to innovation, a shift of public policy from government as sole provide to facilitator of services, a shift from survival partnerships to delivery partnerships by desire and a change of citizens attitude from dependency to self development. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wereldwyd bevraagteken inwoners toenemend die billikheid, integriteit and volhoubaarheid van filosofiee, waardes en wette vanuit die 20ste eeu. Wetteloosheid het toegeneem oor ‘n tydperk. Opstand en eintlik revolusies is kenmerkend in die eerste dekade van die nuwe era. Mense spreek hulle ontnugtering toenemend op ‘n gereelde basis uit, wat uiteindelik aanleiding gee tot ongeduld en geweld. Wereldwyd is mense op soek na ‘n samelewing wat soos Freire dit beskryf “menos feio, menos malvado, menos desumano (minder haatlik en onmenslik) (Mayo, 2003:42). Tydens die 14de NEDLAC Jaarlikse Konferensie gedurende September 2009 het President Jacob Zuma die balangrikheid van sterker sosiale dialoog gegrond op samewerking en verantwoordlikheid beklemtoon ten einde ‘n situasie van besigheid soos gewoonlik te voorkom. Hy het mense aangemoedig om vorendag te kom met nuwe manier om dinge te doen.(Zuma, 2009a:1) Sosiale agentskap is ‘n relatiewe nuwe konsep in die lewering van dienste wat ontstaan het vanuit die sub-sektor sosiale ondernemings. Sosiale agentskap het voortgespruit vanuit die kommersiele agentskaps model met ‘n tweeledige doel naamlik die skepping van volhoubare ekonomiese inkomste en die bevordering van sosiale goedere deur die aanmoediging van die maak van winste en nie die neem van winste nie (Mseme, 2010a:1) . Sosiale agentskappe het primer voorgekom in nie-regerings organisasies, groot privaat of publieke gesondheids instansies en die verskaffing van gesondheids dienste aan vroue in die armer gemeenskappe. Huidige navorsing deur Mseme (2010a) bewys dat sosiale agentskappe oorweeg moet word as ‘n strategiese opsie in die lewering van openbare dienste om die onwikkeling van inwoners te verbeter, om die skepping van nuwe projekte te bevorder sowel as die versterking van die ontwikkelende staat op plaaslike regeringsvlak. Deur die ontwikkeling van ‘n toepaslike sosiale agentskaps bestuurs model beoog die studie om ‘n bydrae te maak tot die beperkte beskikbare inligting oor plaaslike regering. Die model streef daarna om toeganklike volhoubare openbare gemeenskaps onwikkelende dienste in die algemeen te lewer sowel as spesifiek dienste rondom vroee kinder ontwikkeling op plaaslike regerings vlak. Hierdie oogmerk van die model is gebaseer op die nasionale prioriteite van werkskepping en die voorsiening van kwaliteit onderrig. Die studie kombineer ‘n aantal belangrike sleutel dimensies in die bepaling van die voortbestaan van inwoners van Suid-Afrika, naamlik bekostigbaarheid, universele en omvattende dienslewering, gelyke kwaliteit onderrig, die kognitiewe ontwikkeling van jong kinders, toenemende ekonomies deelname, en die ontwikkeling van rykom spesifiek in marginale kwesbare gemeenskappe binne die konteks van ‘n ontwikkelende staat. Die studie is gebaseer op ‘n post-moderne filisofie and spruit voort vanuit ‘n transformerende en moderne benadering deur die toepassing van Paulo Freire’s opvoedkundige aard sowel as politieke hoop wat nie bedoel is om “die wat is” te konsolideer nie, maar wat voort gedryf word vanuit ‘n visie “wat moet en kan gedoen word” (Mayo, 2003:42). Die nie-empiriese studie is gabaseer op ‘n teoretiese raamwerk wat focus op die ontwikkelende staat, ontwikkelende plaaslike regareings, staatsdiens bestuur, ‘n vennootskap dienslewrings meganisme, vroee kinder ontwikkeling and klein sake ondernemings ontwikkeling. Beide empiriese en nie-empiriese ontwerpe is gebruik met ‘n kombinasie van kwalitatiewe and kwantitatiewe komponent. Die bevindinge vanuit die navorsing spruit voort uit die empiriese vroee kinder ontwikkelings behoefte bepalings studie. ‘n Gevalle studie is ook verder gebruik en getoets deur semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude met beleidmakers, en beleids deskundiges. Die studie het ‘n sosiale agentskaps bestuurs model ontwikkel vir die lewering van vroee kinder ontwikkeling op plaaslige regerings vlak. Die implementering van die model is gabaseer op ‘n aantal veranderinge van denkwyses naamlike vanaf publieke administrasie opinie van burokrasie na innovasie, vanaf openbare beleid dat die regering die enigste verskaffer van dienste is na die fasilitering van dienste, vanaf oorlewings vennootskappe na vennootskappe wat gehalte dienste lewer en laaste ‘n verandering van ‘n aghanklikheids houding na self ontwikkeling.

Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Like in many developing countries, youth development in South Africa is advancing towards becoming the central focus of government. The population figures illustrate a demographic dividend, or youth bulge as others would want to call it. A more pragmatic and aggressive approach to youth development for South Africa has never been more urgent than now. Municipalities by design are at the grassroots and the gateway for providing direct development interventions to the masses of the peoples of South Africa. Most of the municipalities in the country have started to take up this responsibility. There is, however, evidence that success in implementing youth development programmes is limited, owing mainly to the lack of performance management application at the local government level. This study is intended to explore a research problem defined as follows: “The absence of a tailor-made performance management for youth development leads to limited or no achievement of the set targets for youth development.” The study is started by exploring the literature on both the underlying areas of the study: youth development and performance management. Though youth development is a fairly new area, there has been progress in defining and conceptualizing both performance management and youth development in South Africa. Youth and youth development are defined respectively as young people between 14 and 35 years of age, and deliberate interventions to enable the youth to participate in the socio-economic wellbeing of the country and the world. Performance management is further defined as the process towards ensuring there is a concerted effort in the implementation of the predetermined plans. The researcher opted for the case study approach, using Nkangala District Municipality (NDM) as the case to explore the extent to which municipalities apply the prescripts and principles of performance management to the youth development programmes. The study sought to establish whether municipalities have performance management frameworks and systems, whether youth development matters are included and whether there are specific youth development performance measures in place. The literature shows that there is extensive work done on the area of performance management in local government in South Africa. The legislation compels all municipalities to have performance management systems and frameworks in place and adopted by the councils. The document review shows that in Nkangala District Municipality there is still a need to trickle down the application of the systems and framework. There is a need to ensure that youth development is included in the performance management process. Evidence from the study shows that there are still gaps to be addressed in as far as the district is concerned. Their application of the performance management framework and systems still needs to be cascaded to all staff members; the application must still be applied to youth development programme and youth development units. There is a need to align municipal planning with youth development. Youth participation still remains a challenge throughout the process of planning, implementation and reporting. Municipalities are suffering from attitudes that suggest that youths are simply recipients of hand-out products and services. Finally, the study suggest a Youth Development Performance Management Framework which will also integrate youth participation, monitoring and evaluation. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Soos in baie ontwikkelende lande neig jeugontwikkeling in Suid-Afrika daarna om die sentrale fokus van die regering te word. Die bevolkingsyfers illustreer 'n demografiese dividend of jeug uitstulping (“youth bulge”), soos wat daarna verwys word. `n Meer pragmatiese en aggresiewe benadering tot jeugontwikkeling was nog nooit meer dringend vir Suid-Afrika as juis tans nie. Munisipaliteite, deur ontwerp, is op voetsoolvlak en die poort vir die verskaffing van direkte ontwikkelingsingrypings vir die meerderheid van mense in Suid-Afrika. Meeste van die munisipaliteite in die land het begin om hierdie verantwoordelikheid op te neem. Daar is egter bewyse dat sukses in die implementering van jeugontwikkelingsprogramme beperk is, veral as gevolg van die gebrek aan die aanwending van prestasiebestuur op die vlak van plaaslike regering. Hierdie studie is bedoel om die navorsingsprobleem gedefinieer as: “die afwesigheid van 'n pasgemaakte prestasiebestuurstelsel vir jeugontwikkeling lei tot beperkte of gebrekkige bereiking van die gestelde teikens vir jeugontwikkeling” Te verken. Die studie begin deur die literatuur te ondersoek op beide die onderliggende gebiede van die studie, jeugontwikkeling en prestasiebestuur. Hoewel jeugontwikkeling `n redelik nuwe gebied is, is daar vordering in die definiëring en konseptualisering van beide prestasiebestuur en jeugontwikkeling in Suid-Afrika. Jeug en jeugontwikkeling word gedefinieer as jong mense tussen 14 en 35 jaar oud en doelbewuste intervensies om die jeug in staat te stel om deel te neem aan die sosio-ekonomiese welstand van die land en die wêreld. Prestasiebestuur word gedefinieer as die proses om te verseker dat daar `n gesamentlike poging is vir die implementering van die voorafbepaalde planne. Die navorser het besluit op `n gevallestudie benadering, deur gebruik te maak van die Nkangala Distriksmunisipaliteit (NDM) om die mate waarin munisipaliteite die voorskrifte en beginsels van prestasiebestuur op die jeugontwikkelingsprogramme toepas te verken. Die studie poog om vas te stel of munisipaliteite prestasiebestuursraamwerke en stelsels het, of jeugontwikkelingsaangeleenthede ingesluit is en of daar spesifieke jeugontwikkeling prestasiemaatreëls in plek is. Literatuur toon dat daar uitgebreide werk gedoen is op die gebied van prestasiebestuur in plaaslike regering in Suid-Afrika. Die wetgewing verplig alle munisipaliteite om prestasiebestuurstelsels en raamwerke in plek te hê en goedgekeur deur die rade. Die dokumentêre hersiening toon dat daar in die Nkangala Distriksmunisipaliteit steeds `n behoefte daaraan is om die toepassing van die stelsels en raamwerk te laat deursyfer. Daar is `n behoefte om te verseker dat jeugontwikkeling ingesluit word in die prestasiebestuursproses. Bewyse uit die studie toon dat daar steeds gapings is om aan te spreek met betrekking tot die distrik. Die aanwending van die prestasiebestuursraamwerk en stelsels moet nog afgewentel word na alle personeellede. Die aanwending moet nog van toepassing gemaak word op jeugontwikkeling en jeugontwikkelingseenhede. Daar is 'n behoefte om munisipale beplanning in lyn te bring met jeugontwikkeling. Jeug deelname dwarsdeur die proses van beplanning, implementering en rapportering bly steeds 'n uitdaging. Munisipaliteite ly onder gesindhede wat daarop dui dat die jeug eenvoudig ontvangers is van produkte en dienste. Die studie stel ten slotte `n jeugontwikkeling prestasiebestuursraamwerk voor wat ook jeug deelname, monitering en evaluering sal integreer.

Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The research study was undertaken to explore one of the most significant plans in local government and is aimed at guiding future development within municipal areas. It seeks to evaluate the credibility of the Integrated Development Plan (IDP) as a service delivery tool in Randfontein Municipality. Randfontein Local Municipality was selected, amongst other reasons, due to the finding by the Auditor General South Africa (AGSA) that it lacked crucial information relating to performance. The IDP spans five years and is an appealing super-plan for any municipality. An evaluation of this plan’s effectiveness as a service delivery instrument is therefore important. Various legislation oblige local government to prepare and undertake IDP, which should be a collaborative planning process aimed at guiding municipalities to eradicate service delivery backlogs while encouraging socio-economic development. The process also seeks to preserve and conserve the environment and address spatial disparities for the development of, and delivering on, agreed priorities which are translated into projects with clearly defined outputs and targets over a five year planning cycle. In this study, the municipal IDP can be viewed as a five year service delivery commitment to the community by those elected and entrusted with ensuring that the IDP becomes a reality. It is integrated in such a way that it should be a reflection of government’s wider plans such as the district municipality’s plans and the relevant provincial and national government’s plans. This plan should be informed by the communities which municipalities serve and must be backed by the necessary funding. The IDP has become a focus of South Africa’s post-apartheid municipal planning and is also seen as a key instrument in an evolving framework of intergovernmental planning and coordination within the South African government, as mentioned by the Department of Housing during their DBSA Conference on Integrated Development Planning, (2008). The IDP is a phenomenal practice which was, and still is, aimed at addressing the consequences of planning done during apartheid, such as deliberate divided development as well as the marginalisation of so-called historically underprivileged communities. However, given the recent frequent and sometimes aggressive service delivery protests across South Africa, attention should now be focussed on tools used by government to ensure service delivery takes place. Existing information was explored during a literature review to contextualise service delivery while also discussing the elements of a credible IDP. The legislative framework for local government and its reforms budget was discussed and linked to the IDP. The credibility of the IDP was evaluated using the available IDP evaluation framework of the National Department of Cooperative Government and Traditional Affairs (COGTA). Using this framework, challenges to the credibility and implementation of the Randfontein IDP were revealed. The municipality is struggling to use IDP as a tool to facilitate integrated and coordinated delivery, as the IDP identifies a large number of projects to be implemented by other spheres of government without indicating the sources of funding for these or their linkages with other programmes. The credibility of the IDP was measured by the following three performance indicators: - financial viability; - good governance; and - institutional arrangements. Certain recommendations were made to assist in improving the IDP as a credible service delivery tool, upon which decisions can be made to address service delivery requirements within the Randfontein area. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie is onderneem om een van die mees betekenisvolle, nuew beplanningsbeleidstukke vir plaaslike regering te ondersoek. Hierdie beleidstuk het ten doel om rigtinggewend op te tree in toekomstige ontwikkeling binne munisipale gebiede. Die geloofwaardigheid van di Geïntegreerde Ontwikkelingsplan (GOP) as ‘n diensverskaffingsinstrument in die Randfontein Plaaslike Munisipaliteit is geselekteer, onder andere, weens die Suid-Afrikaanse Ouditeur-Generaal (SAOG) se bevinding dat hierdie raad se GOP mank gegaan het aan noodsaaklike inligting vir behoorlike prestasiemeting. Elke GOP-termyn strek oor vyf jaar en skyn ‘n aanneemlike superplan vir enige munisipaliteit te bied. Dit is dus belangrik om die effektiwiteit van hierdie beplanningsbeleid as ‘n diensleweringsinstrument te bepaal. ‘n Verskeidenheid wetgewing verplig plaasllike regerings om vir so ‘n vyfjaarplan voorbereidings te tref en geïntegreerde ontwikkelingsplanne in werking te stel. Die beplanningsproses moet ‘n samewerkende benadering bevorder en daarop ingestel wees om munisipaliteite só te lei dat diensleweringsagterstande uitgewis word, terwyl dit sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkeling bevorder. Die beleidsproses het ook ten doel om die natuurlike omgewing te beskerm en te bewaar en, in die toepassing daarvan, ruimtelike teenstrydighede en ongelykhede aan te spreek. Vooraf ooreengekome prioriteite moet eerbiedig word en beslag kry in projekte met duidelik omskrewe uitkomste en doelwitte vir die betrokkwe siklus. In hierdie studie word ‘n munisipale GOP beskou as ‘n ooreengekome verbintenis tot vyf jaar van dienslewering aan die gemeenskap deur diegene wat daartoe verkies is en aan wie dit derhalwe toevertrou word. Die verkose raad moet toesien dat die GOP verwesenlik word. Dit moet op so ‘n wyse geïntegreer word dat dit die regering se algemene ontwikkelingsplanne beliggaam en inpas by die beplanning van die betrokke distriksraad, provinsie en die nasionale regering. Hierdie plan moet geskied met die goedkeuring en medewerking van die gemeenskappe wat die munisipaliteite bedien en moet ook kan reken op die nodige befondsing vir die taak. Die GOP is ‘n fokuspunt van munisipale beplanning in post-apartheid Suid-Afrika en word beskou as die sleutelwerktuig in ‘n veranderende raamwerk van interregeringsbeplanning en koördinering binne die Suid-Afrikaanse regeringsfeer. Dit is tydens die DBSA-Konferensie oor Geïntegreerde Ontwikkelingsbeplanning in 2008, deur die Departement van Behuising aangedui. GOP is ‘n fenomenale beleidsplan wat gebruik word, en steeds daarop ingestel is, om die gevolge van beplanning gedurende die apartheidsera aan te spreek – soos doelbewuste verdeelde ontwikkeling, asook die marginalisasie van sogenaamde histories voorheen benadeelde gemeenskappe. Indien die gereelde, some gewelddadige, diensleweringsbetogings van onlangs tye in ag geneem word, is dit duidelik dat die regering nou sy aandag moet toespits op praktyke wat volgehoue dienslewering sal waarborg. Bestaande inligting is d.m.v. ‘n literatuurstudie ondersoek om dienslewering te kontekstualiseer en terselfdertyd die kenmerke van ‘n geloofwaardige GOP te bepaal. Die wetsraamwerk waarbinne plaaslike regering plaasvind en die beskikbare begroting vir hervorming het ook onder die loep gekom en is met die GOP in verband gebring. Die geloofwaardigheid van die GOP is aan die hand van die bestaande GOP-evaluasieraamwerk van die Nasionale Departement van Samewerkende Regering en Tradisionele Sake (COGTA) geëvalueer en bepaal. Die gebruik van hierdie raamwerk het die geloofwaardigheid en implementering van die Randfontein-GOP bevraagteken. Die munisipaliteit sukkel met die gebruik van die GOP identifiseer ‘n groot aantal projekte wat deur ander regeringsfere geïmplementeer moet word, sonder om die oorsprong van die finansiering te meld of die skakeling met ander programme. Die geloofwaardigheid van die GOP is gemeet aan die volgende drie prestasie-aanwysers: - finansiële lewensvatbaarheid; - goeie regeerkunde; en - institusionele ooreenkomste. Sekere aanbevelings is gemaak om bystand te verleen en die GOP sodanig te verbeter dat dit as ‘n geloofwaardige instrument aangewend kan word om ingeligte besluite betreffend diensleweringsvereistes in die Randfonteingebied te neem.

Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The community development workers’ programme (CDWP) is a strategic policy intervention by government to address challenges of service delivery to communities. The purpose of the CDWP is to facilitate the removal of obstacles in the course of providing services to communities. The CDWP is located in local government. Its purpose is often misunderstood by the stakeholders, because of the perception that the programme is meant to deliver services like provision of water, electricity and other social services. In essence, the CDWP is meant to facilitate communication between government and communities in order to ensure that services are delivered effectively and efficiently. Some of the challenges faced in the Makhado Local Municipality relate to the lack of infrastructure maintenance initiatives, including expansion plans that are well funded. Massive backlogs of infrastructure and services remain in the areas of water and sanitation, energy provision, housing, social security and others. If these problems relating to infrastructure and access to services are not adequately addressed, it will be impossible for the implementation of the CDWP to be successful. It is, therefore, critical that the government as a whole, and working with the private sector, should develop a comprehensive programme that mobilises society through both public and private initiatives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the challenges faced by community development workers (CDWs) in the implementation of the CDWP in Makhado Local Municipality. A qualitative research paradigm was adopted for the study. A literature review, focus groups and interviews were employed within the context of structured questions formulated in line with the framework of the study. The above were meant to facilitate a response to the research question of the study, which sought to find out what the challenges was faced by CDWs in the implementation of the CDWP in Makhado Local Municipality. One of the recommendations of the study is that the CDWP should be integrated with the Makhado Local Municipality plans and budget in order to ensure that it is sustainable and meets its stated objectives. Once this is achieved, it will be possible to confidently say that:  The introduction of CDWs is succeeding in addressing challenges of service delivery in the implementation of the CDWP  Challenges of CDWs in municipalities are being resolved through the effective implementation of the CDWP If the CDWP can be implemented fully in the Makhado Local Municipality, challenges of service delivery can be resolved over a reasonable period. It is, therefore, critical that the CDWP should remain an intergovernmental programme that fosters planning and partnership between the public, as beneficiary, and the government as service provider. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Gemeenskapsontwikkelingswerkers Program (GOWP) is ‘n strategiese beleidsintervensie deur die regering om uitdagings met betrekking tot dienslewering aan gemeenskappe aan te spreek. Die doel van die GOWP is om hindernisse tot dienslewering aan gemeenskappe uit die weg te ruim, en die program is binne die plaaslike regering gesetel. Misverstand oor die doel daarvan kom dikwels onder belanghebbendes voor vanweë die veronderstelling dat die program bedoel is om dienste soos die voorsiening van water, elektrisiteit en ander maatskaplike dienste te lewer. In wese is die GOWP bedoel om kommunikasie tussen die regering en gemeenskappe te bewerkstellig om te verseker dat dienste doeltreffend en effektief gelewer word. Uitdagings vir die Plaaslike Munisipaliteit van Makhado staan in verband met die gebrek aan inisiatiewe om infrastruktuur in stand te hou, insluitend goed befondste uitbreidingsplanne. ’n Massiewe agterstand van infrastruktuur en dienste bestaan steeds op die gebied van water en sanitasie, kragvoorsiening, behuising en sosiale sekerheid. Indien hierdie probleem met betrekking tot infrastruktuur en toegang tot dienste nie voldoende aangespreek word nie, sal die implementering van die GOWP geen sukses behaal nie. Dit is dus van uiterste belang dat die regering, in geheel, en met die samewerking van die private sektor, ‘n omvattende program ontwikkel wat die gemeenskap deur middel van openbare en private inisiatiewe mobiliseer. Die doel van die huidige studie was om die uitdagings waarvoor gemeenskapswerkers met die implementering van die gemeenskaps- ontwikkelingswerkers program in die Plaaslike Munisipaliteit van Makhado te staan kom, te ondersoek. ’n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsplan is vir die studie gebruik. ‘n Oorsig van die literatuur, fokusgroep en onderhoude is gebruik, met gestruktureerde vrae wat binne die raamwerk van die studie geformuleer is. Die vrae was bedoel om ‘n respons tot die navorsingsvraag oor die uitdagings wat deur die gemeenskapsontwikkelingswerkers met die implementering van die GOWP in Makhado ondervind word, te fasiliteer. Een van die aanbevelings van die studie is dat die GOWP by die planne en begroting van die Plaaslike Munisipaliteit van Makhado geïntegreer moet word om die onderhoubaarheid van die program te verseker en dat die gestelde doelwitte bereik word. Wanneer dit geskied, sal dit moontlik wees om te sê dat:  Die instelling van die gemeenskapsontwikkerlingswerkers behaal sukses ten opsigte van die uitdagings van dienslewering binne die Gemeenskapsontwikkelingswerkers program.  Die uitdagings aan gemeenskapsontwikkelingswerkers in die munisipaliteite word deur die effektiewe implementering van die GOWP oorkom. Indien die GOWP ten volle in die Makhado Munisipaliteit geïmplementeer kan word, kan die probleem rondom dienslewering binne ‘n redelike tydperk opgelos word. Dit is dus belangrik dat ‘n onderneming soos die program vir die gemeenskapsontwikkelingswerkers behoue bly as ‘n inter-regeringsprojek wat die vennootskap tussen mense en die regering ondersteun.

Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis examines the perceptions of the staff of the Department of Local Government in the Western Cape (WC) regarding workforce diversity as part of diversity management. A literature review is presented and this research shows that organisations in South Africa and around the world have come a long way with regard to understanding and appreciating workforce diversity. The literature review also revealed the important facilitating role HR diversity management plays in improving the performance of organisations, as well as in creating unity amongst employees. What is also important is the fact that organisations now understand and realise the important role diversity management programmes and practices play in their own survival. Therefore various steps are available for organisations to ensure that the benefits are achieved from having diverse employees in their workplace while effectively integrating these employees into the organisation. A background on the Department of Local Government (WC) is provided, which highlights the Department’s priorities and Key Performance Areas (KPAs) as set out in its Annual Performance Plan (APP). The KPAs of the Department are dynamic and not influenced by political shifts, as in the case of municipalities. However, the priorities of the Department are similar to the strategic objectives that are embedded within the 30 municipalities. The priorities of the Department are parallel to those of the municipalities’ priorities in order to ensure that the Department and municipalities achieve their objectives together. It is therefore the Department’s responsibility to assist municipalities in achieving their strategic objectives by constantly monitoring and evaluating their level of performance. If a municipality performs badly, the Department must assist where necessary. The research findings regarding diversity management show that the employees are unaware whether a diversity management policy has ever existed or whether any training of such a nature has been conducted within the Department. Data show that limited effort has been made by the Department to develop a diversity management policy. The findings also indicate that more diversity management programmes and training are needed, in order to bring about awareness of workforce diversity and the successful management of diversity. What was also clear is that not enough diversity audits have been conducted to determine the level of diversity within the Department; and most importantly it is also illustrated that a limited number of staff is housed within the HR unit to assist the Department in creating a strong diversity environment that supports the wellbeing of the staff and the Department. Finally, the thesis provides recommendations for the Department on how to be an inclusive entity, but these recommendations can only be successful if top management and HR have the necessary ability to successfully implement the following recommendations (interventions): develop a diversity management policy to guide the Department on diversity issues; develop diversity management programmes to ensure that all staff members are briefed on all diversity issues; and create a monitoring system to ensure that the policies and programmes are updated as new entrants enter the Department. It is therefore a requirement that these interventions are placed in the Department’s Employment Equity Plan and, more importantly, form part of their Annual Performance Plan (APP). If there is commitment from HR, top management and the employees, these interventions will create a safe, friendly, and hard-working environment with good performance levels. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ondersoek die persepsies van die personeel van die Departement Plaaslike Bestuur, Wes-Kaap, met betrekking tot werkmagdiversiteit as deel van die bestuur van diversiteit. ’n Literatuurstudie word aangebied en vanuit hierdie navorsing word getoon dat organisasies in Suid-Afrika en dwarsoor die wêreld ver gevorder het met die verstaan van en waardering vir werkmagdiversiteit. Die literatuurstudie het ook lig gewerp op die belangrike fasiliterende rol van die bestuur van diversiteit deur Menslike Hulpbronne vir die verbetering van die prestasie van organisasies, sowel as in die bewerkstelliging van ’n gevoel van eenheid tussen werknemers. Wat ook belangrik is, is dat organisasies nou die belangrike rol van diversiteit-bestuurprogramme en -praktyke verstaan en besef hoe hul eie oorlewing daardeur geraak word. Verskeie stappe kan deur organisasies onderneem word om te verseker dat dit voordelig is om ’n diverse groep werknemers in hul werkplekke te hê en hierdie werknemers doeltreffend in die organisasie te integreer. Die agtergrond van die Departement Plaaslike Bestuur (Wes-Kaap) is voorsien, met beklemtoning van die Departement se prioriteite en sleutel prestasie areas (KPA’s) soos in die Jaarlikse Prestasieplan uiteengesit; sleutel prestasie areas van die Departement is dinamies van aard en word nie, soos in die geval van munisipaliteite, deur politieke omwentelinge geraak nie. Die prioriteite van die Departement is egter soortgelyk aan die strategiese doelwitte wat in die 30 munisipaliteite vasgelê is. Die prioriteite van die Departement loop ewewydig met dié van die munisipaliteite om te verseker dat die Departement en munisipaliteite hul doelwitte saam bereik. Die Departement is dus verantwoordelik om munisipaliteite by te staan in die bereiking van hul strategiese doelwitte deur voortdurende monitering en evaluering van hul prestasievlak. Indien ’n munisipaliteit swak presteer, moet die Departement hulp verleen waar dit nodig is. Die bevindings van die navorsing oor diversiteit dui daarop dat werknemers nie van die bestaan van enige diversiteitbestuurbeleid óóit bewus was nie, óf geweet het of enige opleiding van dié aard al in die Departement aangebied is nie. Data toon die beperktheid van die Departement se pogings om ’n beleid vir die bestuur van diversiteit te ontwikkel. Die bevindings toon verder dat meer diversiteitbestuurprogramme en -opleiding benodig word om bewustheid van werkmagdiversiteit en die suksesvolle bestuur van diversiteit daar te stel. Wat ook duidelik was, is dat te min diversiteitkontrole onderneem is om die vlakke van diversiteit binne die Departement te bepaal. Die belangrikste bevinding is egter dat daar slegs ’n beperkte aantal personeellede in die Menslike Hulpbronne-eenheid is om die Departement by te staan in die skepping van ’n sterk diversiteit-omgewing wat die welstand van die personeel onderskraag. Die tesis doen voorstelle aan die hand vir die Departement oor hoe om ’n inklusiewe entiteit te wees. Hierdie voorstelle kan egter slegs suksesvol wees indien die Hoofbestuur en Menslike Hulpbronne oor die nodige vermoë beskik om die volgende aanbevelings (intervensies) te implementeer: Ontwikkel ’n beleid vir die bestuur van diversiteit om die Departement ten opsigte van diversiteit te begelei; ontwikkel diversiteitbestuurprogramme om te verseker dat alle personeellede oor diversiteit ingelig word; en skep ’n moniteringstelsel om te verseker dat die beleide en programme bygewerk word namate nuwelinge by die Departement aansluit. Dit is dus ’n vereiste dat hierdie intervensies in die Departement se diensbillikheidsplan opgeneem word en, wat nog belangriker is, deel vorm van die Jaarlikse Prestasieplan. Indien Menslike Hulpbronne, topbestuur en werknemers hulle hiertoe verbind, sal hierdie intervensies ’n veilige, vriendelike en hardwerkende omgewing met goeie prestasievlakke tot stand bring.

Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The thesis reports on an evaluative study of the sustainability of housing development by the City of Cape Town with the Witsand, Atlantis, housing project as case study to empirically measure such sustainability. The study was attempted to determine how the City of Cape Town has planned for and implemented sustainability measures and what the results were in the Witsand project. The research therefore determined to what extent the expressed policy intent of sustainability housing delivery was implemented successfully in Witsand in terms of output and outcomes. The objectives of this study included outlining a theoretical and analytical framework for sustainable development as prescribed in the National, Provincial and Local Government policies and relevant legislation. An evaluative case study is provided, describing how the City of Cape Town implemented its policy in practice. This housing project was chosen because it is claimed to be the first large-scale integrated sustainable housing project in South Africa. The research methodology entailed an analysis of relevant literature, policies, legislation and project design documentation. In addition, the field work utilised a semi-structured mixed questionnaire for conducting interviews with the Project Manager, community development worker and a sample of residents. The research found that the City of Cape has followed the sustainability blueprint as far as their means allowed. The satisfaction level of the community is high. It was found, however, that the people, even though they received houses that were designed and constructed to take full advantage of the environment without harming it; lack the knowledge to maintain sustainable, energy conserving living. This indicates that sustainability in low income housing is not only a matter of design and technology, but also of instilling a particular behaviour amongst beneficiaries. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis voer ‘n evaluering studie van die volhoubaarheid van behuising deur die Stad Kaapstad by die Witsand, Atlantis projek, wat as ‘n gevallestudie om sodanige volhoubaarheid empiries te meet, gedien het. Die studie is onderneem om te bepaal hoe die Stad Kaapstad volhoubaarheidsmaatreëls beplan en geïmplementeer het, en wat die resultate van die Witsand projek was. Die navorsing het dus bepaal tot watter mate die uitdruklike beleidsvoornemens vir die lewering van volhoubare huisverskaffing in terme van uitset en uitkomste suksesvol in Witsand geïmplementeer is. Die doelstellings van hierdie studie het die skets van ‘n teoretiese en analitiese raamwerk vir volhoubare ontwikkeling, soos in Nasionale, Provinsiale en Plaaslike beleid en toepaslike wetgewing voorgeskryf, ingesluit. ‘n Evaluerende gevallestudie wat beskrywe hoe die Stad Kaapstad se beleid prakties uitgevoer is, word voorsien. Hierdie projek is gekies vanweë die aanspraak dat dit die eerste grootskaalse geïntegreerde volhoubare projek vir huisverskaffing in Suid-Afrika was. Die navorsingsmetodologie het ‘n ontleding van toepaslike literatuur, beleid, wetgewing en gedokumenteerde projekontwerp behels. Daarbenewens het die veldwerk gebruik gemaak van ’n gemengde semi-gestruktureerde vraelys vir onderhoude met die Projekbestuurder, gemeenskapsontwikkeling werker en ‘n steekproef van die inwoners. Die navorsing het bevind dat die Stad Kaapstad die bloudruk vir volhoubaarheid sover as die stad se middele kon toelaat, gevolg het. Die bevredigingsvlak van die gemeenskap is hoog. Daar is egter gevind dat die mense, ten spyte daarvan dat hulle van huise voorsien is wat ontwerp en gebou is om sonder enige skade aan die omgewing ten volle daaruit voordeel te trek, kennis ontbreek om op volhoubare wyse en met besparing van energie te lewe. Dit dui daarop dat volhoubaarheid in lae-inkomste behuising nie maar net ‘n kwessie van ontwerp en tegnologie is nie, maar ook vereis dat ‘n bepaalde soort gedrag onder die begunstigdes gevestig moet word.