The study of leadership is one of those disciplines that invoke fierce debate among scholars and at the centre of the leadership debate lies the many approaches to the discipline that are employed by scholars and these approaches have led to different definitions of the discipline such as the trait theory of leadership, the behavioural theory of leadership and the contingent theory of leadership. This study was undertaken for two main reasons. Firstly, to investigate the leadership behaviour of deputy directors of the Department of Agriculture and secondly, to establish how those leadership behaviour of deputy directors impacted on the employee morale of their subordinates. The study was conducted within the public administration environment and it was conducted using the leadership behaviour theory whose main assumption is that leadership is a relationship between the leader and the followers and as such, the behaviour of the leader has direct impact on the morale of the followers. The key leadership behaviour that were used for the study came from the Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) survey instrument that was developed by Kouzes and Posner (2002) and five key factors were identified as central to the study of leadership behaviour for the purpose of this study. Firstly, leaders are expected to act exemplary (model the way) by ensuring that what they say is what they do. Secondly, leaders are expected to inspire a shared vision so that their followers are able to assimilate the vision being pursued. Thirdly, leaders are expected to challenge the existing institutional processes and systems so that all resources can be directed towards the realisation of the new vision. Fourthly, leaders are expected to enable their followers to act by creating an environment that is conducive to effective service delivery and fifthly, leaders are expected to encourage their followers to endure where challenges seem overwhelming so that followers should not be discouraged and give up. Since the study was conducted within the public administration environment, its main purpose was to discover how frequently do deputy directors engage in those five factors. The study yielded mixed results where in some of the factors, deputy directors engaged frequently whereas in the other factors, they had infrequent engagement. The participants to this study were grouped into three categories: deputy directors (as leaders being evaluated), and directors and subordinates (as observers). The study used the Likert scale where the data was interpreted by means of graphs. / Public Administration and Management

The study of leadership is one of those disciplines that invoke fierce debate among scholars and at the centre of the leadership debate lies the many approaches to the discipline that are employed by scholars and these approaches have led to different definitions of the discipline such as the trait theory of leadership, the behavioural theory of leadership and the contingent theory of leadership. This study was undertaken for two main reasons. Firstly, to investigate the leadership behaviour of deputy directors of the Department of Agriculture and secondly, to establish how those leadership behaviour of deputy directors impacted on the employee morale of their subordinates. The study was conducted within the public administration environment and it was conducted using the leadership behaviour theory whose main assumption is that leadership is a relationship between the leader and the followers and as such, the behaviour of the leader has direct impact on the morale of the followers. The key leadership behaviour that were used for the study came from the Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) survey instrument that was developed by Kouzes and Posner (2002) and five key factors were identified as central to the study of leadership behaviour for the purpose of this study. Firstly, leaders are expected to act exemplary (model the way) by ensuring that what they say is what they do. Secondly, leaders are expected to inspire a shared vision so that their followers are able to assimilate the vision being pursued. Thirdly, leaders are expected to challenge the existing institutional processes and systems so that all resources can be directed towards the realisation of the new vision. Fourthly, leaders are expected to enable their followers to act by creating an environment that is conducive to effective service delivery and fifthly, leaders are expected to encourage their followers to endure where challenges seem overwhelming so that followers should not be discouraged and give up. Since the study was conducted within the public administration environment, its main purpose was to discover how frequently do deputy directors engage in those five factors. The study yielded mixed results where in some of the factors, deputy directors engaged frequently whereas in the other factors, they had infrequent engagement. The participants to this study were grouped into three categories: deputy directors (as leaders being evaluated), and directors and subordinates (as observers). The study used the Likert scale where the data was interpreted by means of graphs. / Public Administration and Management

This thesis focuses on the work of charge nurses in intensive care units (ICUs) as first-line managers. The practical part of the thesis aims at assessing the experience with nursing management in day-to-day routine, especially with the management of change introduction, conflict resolution and motivation of employees. It further compares different charge nurses' career beginnings. The second part of the research deals with personal typology of charge nurses. Twenty six ICU charge nurses were included into the study. The results indicate that charge nurses are not being specifically prepared for their job and that they particularly lack any special education in management. They usually solve conflicts either by compromise or via a directive. Most charge nurses intend to introduce changes into daily practice and they perceive changes as positive. Conversely, they describe the attitude of their subordinates towards changes as negative. Charge nurses generally know the motivators of their employees; however, they excessively and inappropriately use praising as motivation tool. Although not standardized and not used generally, a formal evaluation of employees is considered by charge nurses as a possible way to improve motivation. Allover, the study shows the need for a more thorough management training...

Darbo objektas – UAB „Ginmita“ valdymas. Darbo tikslas – pateikti sprendimus UAB „Ginmita“ valdymo gerinimui. Magistro baigiamąjį darbą sudaro trys dalys. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje pateikiamas organizacijų veiklos valdymo teoriniai aspektai: įvertinama išorės ir vidaus aplinkų įtaką valdymui organizacijose, pateikiamos valdymo esminės funkcijos ir jų klasifikavimas. Antrojoje darbo dalyje pateikiamas UAB „Ginmita“ išorės ir vidaus aplinkų vertinimas, taip pat kiekybinio tyrimo rezultatai, atskleidžiantys UAB „Ginmita“ veiklos valdymo esmines problemas. Trečiojoje darbo dalyje pateikiami sprendimai valdymui UAB „Ginmita“. Darbo metodai: literatūros analizė, kiekybinis tyrimas, anketinė apklausa, duomenų analizė. / The object of diploma paper - JSC "Ginmita" management process. The goal of this paper - to propose solutions for the improving management activities in company "Ginmita". The diploma paper consists of three parts. In the first part organization management process theoretical aspects are presented: the external and internal environments influence management process, management activities meaning and classification. In the second part internal and external environments and management activities according results of a quantitative study of the JSC "Ginmita” are analysed. The third part presents the problems and solutions for improving management of JSC "Ginmita”. Methods used in preparing this master thesis are: literature analysis, quantitative analysis, questionnaire, data analysis.

188f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-09T18:39:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Aline Loureiro seg.pdf: 2067522 bytes, checksum: 1dd775d1e6fbccbab3e50661b2bf0ccc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-04-22T19:24:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Aline Loureiro seg.pdf: 2067522 bytes, checksum: 1dd775d1e6fbccbab3e50661b2bf0ccc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-22T19:24:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Aline Loureiro seg.pdf: 2067522 bytes, checksum: 1dd775d1e6fbccbab3e50661b2bf0ccc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / No Brasil, a gestão dos serviços de saneamento básico se apresenta segundo vários modelos, cada um com suas peculiaridades. Estudos relacionados às políticas e a gestão desses serviços são ainda mu ito incipientes. A maior parte das pesquisas no campo da engenharia sanitária e ambiental é direcionada à área tecnológica e poucos são os estudos voltados em aprofundar conhecimentos sobre as políticas de saneamento ambiental e gestão dos serviços. Buscando contribuir nesse campo disciplinar, o presente estudo busca investigar as características dos diferentes modelos de gestão dos serviços de abastecimento de água e esgotamento sanitário no Estado da Bahia.A gestão, segundo a Lei n.11.445/07 que estabelece diretrizes nacionais para o saneamento básico e para a Política Federal de Saneamento Básico, apresenta como funções: o planejamento,a regulação, a fiscalização e a prestação dos serviços; e aponta o controle social perpassando todas essas funções. Dessa forma, para este estudo houve a preocupação em analisar os serviços de acordo com a estrutura da gestão e não apenas da prestação.No entanto, é válido lembrar que o modelo de gestão é influenciado diretamente pela forma de prestação dos serviços adotada pelo município. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho,foi necessário realizar um estudo envolvendo um estudo empírico de cunho qualitativo e quantitativo.Uma vez que o foco deste trabalho está direcionado para modelos de gestão na Bahia e analisando o que de fato os diferenciam é a prestação dos serviços de água e esgoto, foram propostos como área de estudo, após análise de diversos critérios, os municípios de: Alagoinhas, Barra da Estiva, Ilhéus, Itabuna, Jaguarari, Jequié, Juazeiro, Seabra e Sobradinho.Diante do que se pode observar, apontar ou indicar qual é o modelo mais adequado de gestão dos serviços seria muito difícil, por isto foi proposto analisar apenas as características de cada modelo. Em cada modelo de gestão existem distorções notáveis com situações e características que são inerentes, principalmente, ideais políticos do titular dos serviços. Dos dados estudados, verificou-se que poucos são aqueles municípios (titulares) que tem um planejamento estruturado dos serviços de saneamento, principalmente, dos serviços de abastecimento de água e esgotamento sanitário, ficando, muitas vezes, esta função de gestão a cargo do próprio prestador de serviços. Apesar do aporte de recursos investidos em sistemas de abastecimento de água no País durante as três últimas décadas, cerca de 20% da população ainda não tem acesso a esses serviços e parte dos que tem, a água distribuída apresenta comprometimento da sua qualidade.Além disto, a carência de serviços de esgotamento sanitário também é grande, principalmente, nos municípios da região Norte e Nordeste e nos municípios estudados. Este quadro implica diretamente na qualidade de vida da população. A regulação dos serviços, em termos de entidade reguladora para os serviços de saneamento é praticamente inexistente, apenas há o seguimento de normas e padrões de áreas afins, como saúde, meio ambiente, entre outros. Torna-se necessário maior fiscalização na aplicação de recursos e na prestação dos serviços, não apenas por parte do titular e órgãos responsáveis, mas também pela população, uma vez que estes são os usuários e os mais afetados com a ausência ou precariedade do serviço. Instrumentos para a participação e controle social estão em evidencia e precisam ser utilizados para garantia do exercício da cidadania. Vale ressaltar que o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido em uma fase de estabelecimento de marco legal para a área de saneamento tanto a nível federal quanto estadual.Assim, espera-se uma modificação no quadro atual do saneamento básico no País e a superação do grande desafio de promover saneamento básico de qualidade para todos. / Salvador

This study focussed on the budget control and monitoring challenges for school governing bodies. The study engaged a qualitative in-depth research into the challenges school governing bodies experience regarding budget control and monitoring based on the fact that budget control and monitoring are dimensional tools of financial management aimed at ensuring proper financial management and accountability. The research, grounded on social constructivism and employing a phenomenological pragmatic approach for data collection was purposely and conveniently confined to town schools in the Ekurhuleni District. Data was collected using interviews with school principals, finance officers and a treasurer and Institutional Development and Support Officers. Findings from the data indicated that while there were areas where school governing bodies did well, they faced numerous challenges in budget control and monitoring. It was found that there were challenges regarding the budgeting process in so far as budget preparation, budget implementation, and budget control and monitoring. Miscellaneous challenges influencing the budget control and monitoring process found included poor financial reporting, the low level of parental literacy which seemed to influence the meaningfulness of and realistic nature of the budgeting processes and the generic, inadequate and poor training school governors were provided with. Recommendation from the study mainly concern the provision of customised, focussed and needs-based training in financial and budget management after determining the skills audit to determine training and capacity building needs of school governors, holding principal to account for financial management as ex officio members of governing bodies, reviewing the quintile classification of schools based on the poverty index and considering the backgrounds of learners at town schools, who mostly are from previously disadvantaged backgrounds and ensuring that schools report on finances in languages parents understand and linking budgeting process to schools’ educational goals. / MEd (Education Management), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2014

Organisations are under enormous pressure to become more innovative in all areas of their operations if they are going to continue to compete successfully (Leavy, 2003). The first stage of successful innovation is ensuring that creativity, the generation of novel ideas, is achieved (McFadzean, et al., 2004). With regards to an organisation's creative environment, theory has suggested that the basic orientation of a company's support for creativity comes directly from the behaviours of the highest levels of management (Amabile, 1996). Despite this proposed relationship, little empirical research has been conducted that examines the role that senior management of an organisation play in influencing a work environment that stimulates creativity. A research model has been developed that illustrates the possible relationships between the functions of senior managers and the creative work environment of an organisation. Essentially this model is be utilised as a framework to examine how do the management functions create the stimulants and impediments of an organisation's environment that affect creativity? The method used to investigate this research question is a qualitative investigation of two manufacturing plants that operate in a larger New Zealand food processing company. This entailed gathering information through semi-structured interviews with employees from the senior management to lower level employees. In addition, direct observations at the plants and archival data in the form of company reports, articles and prior studies were used to gather further information. From this research, three key findings were established. (1) Amabile, et al's., (1996) theory that a number of variables stimulate creativity, while others impede it, was supported. (2) Trust was found to be the key intervening variable, the foundation, upon which a creative context can be built. (3) The Senior Manager, in the case of this research the Operations Manager and Production Centre Manager, played a crucial role in providing the contextual variables that facilitate creativity. As this research suggests, organisational creativity is complicated by the fact that it is affected by the social dynamics operating between key parties within an organisation. Consequently, it is characterised by informal relationships, freedom and resource allocation that ultimately requires that a level of trust exists between key parties. It is senior management's responsibility to ensure that such a work environment is created. These managers are only able to build trust within their organisations by acting with benevolence, integrity and demonstrating that they are committed to employee creativity.

Bakalaurinio baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjama žmogiškųjų išteklių svarba organizacijai, žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymo sritys bei žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymo problemos Lietuvoje ir sprendimų galimybės. Bakalauro baigiamojo darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymo aspektus Šiaulių miesto įmonėse. Tikslui įgyvendinti buvo atliktas kiekybinis tyrimas (anketa), kuris leido nustatyti žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymo tendencijas ir problemas Šiaulių miesto įmonėse. Bakalauro baigiamąjį darbą sudaro dvi dalys. Pirmojoje dalyje aptariami teoriniai žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymo aspektai. Antrojoje dalyje pateikiami gauti tyrimo rezultatai, kurie parodė, kad Šiaulių miesto įmonėse žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymo veikla nėra išplėtota.Bakalaurinio baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjama žmogiškųjų išteklių svarba organizacijai, žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymo sritys bei žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymo problemos Lietuvoje ir sprendimų galimybės. Bakalauro baigiamojo darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymo aspektus Šiaulių miesto įmonėse. Tikslui įgyvendinti buvo atliktas kiekybinis tyrimas (anketa), kuris leido nustatyti žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymo tendencijas ir problemas Šiaulių miesto įmonėse. Bakalauro baigiamąjį darbą sudaro dvi dalys. Pirmojoje dalyje aptariami teoriniai žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymo aspektai. Antrojoje dalyje pateikiami gauti tyrimo rezultatai, kurie parodė, kad Šiaulių miesto įmonėse žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymo veikla nėra išplėtota. / In the bachelor’s final work the human resource importance for organization, human resource management functions and human resource management problems in Lithuania and their solution possibilities were analyzed. The goal of bachelor’s final work is to analyze human resource management aspects in companies of Šiauliai. For this reason, a quantitative research based on questionnaire was made, which allowed to find out human resource management tendencies and problems in companies of Šiauliai. Bachelor’s final contains of two parts. In the first part human resource management theoretical aspects are discussed. In the second part are given the results of research, which have shown that human resource management in companies of Šiauliai isn’t explicated.

This study focussed on the budget control and monitoring challenges for school governing bodies. The study engaged a qualitative in-depth research into the challenges school governing bodies experience regarding budget control and monitoring based on the fact that budget control and monitoring are dimensional tools of financial management aimed at ensuring proper financial management and accountability. The research, grounded on social constructivism and employing a phenomenological pragmatic approach for data collection was purposely and conveniently confined to town schools in the Ekurhuleni District. Data was collected using interviews with school principals, finance officers and a treasurer and Institutional Development and Support Officers. Findings from the data indicated that while there were areas where school governing bodies did well, they faced numerous challenges in budget control and monitoring. It was found that there were challenges regarding the budgeting process in so far as budget preparation, budget implementation, and budget control and monitoring. Miscellaneous challenges influencing the budget control and monitoring process found included poor financial reporting, the low level of parental literacy which seemed to influence the meaningfulness of and realistic nature of the budgeting processes and the generic, inadequate and poor training school governors were provided with. Recommendation from the study mainly concern the provision of customised, focussed and needs-based training in financial and budget management after determining the skills audit to determine training and capacity building needs of school governors, holding principal to account for financial management as ex officio members of governing bodies, reviewing the quintile classification of schools based on the poverty index and considering the backgrounds of learners at town schools, who mostly are from previously disadvantaged backgrounds and ensuring that schools report on finances in languages parents understand and linking budgeting process to schools’ educational goals. / MEd (Education Management), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2014

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é caracterizar um modelo descritivo de estilos gerenciais do empresário de pequena empresa, coerentes com os estágios de seu desenvolvimento organizacional e baseados nas funções e nos papéis do administrador. O tema da pesquisa é o trabalho do administrador, sobre o qual foi realizada uma revisão na literatura, encontrando-se duas grandes abordagens: a do processo e a dos papéis. O questionamento central da pesquisa é se essas duas abordagens seriam adequadas para explicar os estilos gerenciais do dirigente da pequena empresa. Para responder esse questionamento, realizou-se um trabalho de campo dividido em duas fases. A primeira, classificada como descritiva, almejando mapear e descrever as principais características organizacionais e demográficas de 52 pequenas empresas do setor metal-mecânico instaladas na cidade de São Carlos-SP. A segunda, classificada como exploratória, utiliza técnicas estatísticas multivariadas - Análise de Agrupamento, Análise Fatorial e Análise de Correspondência - e foi realizada em 71 empresas instaladas nas cidades de São Carlos, Araraquara, Matão, Américo Brasiliense e Sertãozinho, todas do estado de São Paulo. Como resultado, constata-se que as duas abordagens são úteis para descrever o trabalho do dirigente da pequena empresa. Identificam-se, nas relações entre as duas abordagens, cinco conjuntos de posicionamento dos dirigentes: estruturação, público externo, equipe, oportunidades e recursos e ideias. Percebendo-se que os dirigentes valorizam diferentes posicionamentos, conforme o estágio da empresa, entende-se que os posicionamentos mais valorizados descreveriam os estilos gerenciais do dirigente para aquele estágio. Assim, apresentam-se três descrições de estilos gerenciais. Uma para todos os estágios, outra para as empresas dos estágios um e dois, e a última para as ) empresas o estágio três. Essas descrições são relativas às pequenas empresas do setor metal-mecânico; por isso, as generalizações são limitadas às empresas do setor. / The present thesis proposes a descriptive model of a small business entrepreneur\'s management styles, consistent with the stages of organizational development of the company and based on the administrator\'s functions and roles. The research topic is the work of the administrator based on a review of the literature finding two broad approaches: the process and the roles. The central research concern is whether these two approaches are helpful in explaining the management styles of the leader of small business. To answer this question, a field work divided into two phases was performed. The first, classified as descriptive, mapped and describe the main demographic and organizational characteristics of 52 small companies in the metal-mechanic sector installed in the city of São Carlos-SP; the second, classified as descriptive, used multivariate statistical techniques - Cluster Analysis, Factor Analysis and Correspondence Analysis and Principal Component Analysis - and was performed in 71 companies located in the cetral region of Sao Paulo state. As a result, it is possible to verify that both approaches are useful to describe the work of the small business manager. Five sets of positionings are identified in the relationship between them. Realizing that the manager value different positions, depending on the company stage, the most valued positionings represent the management styles of the leader for that stage. In this context three management styles are presented. The model of management styles is the reality os small companies in the metal-mechanic sector, therefore generalizations and contributions are limited to small companies in this sector.