China¡¦s water pollution problem has been experienced remediation by Chinese government numerous times; however, not much improvement is seen so far. In addition, Chinese government admits that algae, nutrient and other water pollution problems will not be eliminated in short period of time. Therefore, this study examined the current situation of China¡¦s water bodies as well as the sources of the pollution, and then compared with the measures taken to the problems by the Chinese government. It is found that city and household sewage are the major factors; nevertheless, they haven been less regarded. Therefore, the government should not only maintain the past results of remediation, but also emphasize on strengthening on constructions of sewage discharge facilities and ensuring capital provided for sewage treatment plants in order to control the most water pollution sources into China¡¦s water bodies.

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-29T18:35:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ligia Vargas.pdf: 642223 bytes, checksum: 4ca4e1c7aa85e3dde3efbdce3f99da35 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes(silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-06-12T16:18:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Ligia Vargas.pdf: 642223 bytes, checksum: 4ca4e1c7aa85e3dde3efbdce3f99da35 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-12T16:18:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ligia Vargas.pdf: 642223 bytes, checksum: 4ca4e1c7aa85e3dde3efbdce3f99da35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Esta pesquisa analisou a experiência gestora de uma escola de ensino fundamental de 1ª a 4ª série na rede pública do Município de Salvador, viabilizada por meio de um convênio que regulamentava a parceria estabelecida entre a Secretaria Municipal de Educação e Cultura (SMEC) e uma Fundação sem fins lucrativos. Foram levantados aspectos da autonomia da gestão escolar nas dimensões administrativa, pedagógica e financeira, destacando-se seu contexto de parceria. O recorte temporal corresponde aos anos de 2004 a 2006. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva realizada por meio de um estudo de caso, com uma abordagem qualitativa no tratamento dos dados. O estudo apresentado foi desenvolvido em quatro etapas: pesquisa exploratória, estudos teóricos, realização de trabalho de campo com entrevistas semi-estruturadas e elaboração do documento final. O contexto da parceria evidenciou a implementação da gestão democrática e participativa, presente em três dimensões:a) entre pais e escola; b) na comunidade escolar através dos instrumentos de gestão, que foram construídos e executados pela coletividade, tais como: O Projeto Família Escola: Co-Gestão para Cidadania, o Regimento Escolar e a Proposta Pedagógica; e; c) entre as entidades mantenedoras e a própria escola que, uma vez instituída na parceria como seu objeto em comum também obteve voz e vez nas tomadas de decisão. Consideramos que os instrumentos de gestão da escola, que foram democraticamente constituídos, fortaleceram a gestão, abriram espaço para o exercício da autonomia pedagógica e forneceram a base de sustentação da gestão. A autonomia pedagógica da Escola investigada apresentou níveis crescentes de desenvolvimento, fruto do aprendizado de seu estilo gestor participativo e democrático, configurou-se a partir do compromisso e envolvimento progressivo da equipe técnico-pedagógica com a proposta educativa da escola e consolidou-se por meio dos instrumentos de gestão apresentados e suporte da parceria. Os estudos apresentam o resultado da experiência, que vigorou até o ano de 2005, quando o convênio que estabelecia a parceria expirou e a escola foi extinta. / Salvador

This work presents an analysis of the managerial competences of the Administrative Managers of 2 located companies in the municipal district of Santa Maria, State of Rio Grande do Sul. The general objective of the research is to identify the managerial competences of the Administrative Managers through an acting evaluation or evaluation of 360 degrees. To reach this I aim at, they were established the following specific objectives: (1) to identify which are the main models of strategic administration proposed at the present time by the authors for the organizations; (2) to evaluate which are the different structures found in the companies that will be researched and the Administrative Manager's different functions; (3) for the studied companies, to identify which are the expected managerial competences and presents regarding the Administrative Manager. Owed the proximity and to the access, we opted for a sampling for convenience, being chosen 2 companies of different sections (mechanical metal and production of soft drinks) and that they present strategic planning in their activities. In these two companies, a questionnaire can be applied where identified the administrative manager's managerial competences and the different forms that the Administrative Management is structured. With the identification of the competences you manage and the different found administrative structures, it can finally to do a relationship of the profile of this professional's competences. / Este trabalho apresenta uma análise das competências gerenciais dos Gerentes Administrativos de 2 empresas localizadas no município de Santa Maria, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é identificar as competências gerenciais dos Gerentes Administrativos através de uma avaliação de desempenho ou avaliação de 360 graus. Para atingir este objetivo, foram estabelecidos os seguintes objetivos específicos: (1) identificar quais são os principais modelos de gestão estratégica propostos pelos autores para as organizações na atualidade; (2) avaliar quais são as diferentes estruturas encontradas nas empresas que serão pesquisadas e as diferentes funções do Gerente Administrativo; (3) para as empresas estudadas, identificar quais são as competências gerenciais esperadas e presentes com relação ao Gerente Administrativo. Devido á proximidade e ao acesso, optou-se por uma amostragem por conveniência, escolhendo-se 2 empresas de setores distintos (metal mecânico e produção de refrigerantes) e que apresentam planejamento estratégico nas suas atividades. Nestas duas empresas, pode-se aplicar um questionário onde se identificou as competências gerenciais do gerente administrativo e as diferentes formas que a Gerência Administrativa se estrutura. Com a identificação das competências gerencias e as diferentes estruturas administrativas encontradas, pode-se por fim fazer uma análise das competências encontradas, observadas e esperadas pelos profissionais da gerência administrativa.

The implementation of managed lanes (MLs), also known as dynamically priced express lanes, to improve freeway traffic flow and personal throughput is on the rise. Congestion pricing is increasingly becoming a common strategy for congestion management, often requiring microscopic simulation during both planning and operational stages. VISSIM is a recognized microscopic simulation software used for analyzing the performance of managed lanes (MLs). This thesis addressed two important microscopic simulation issues that affect the evaluation results of MLs. One of the microscopic simulation issues that has not yet been addressed by previous studies is the required minimum managed lane routing decision (MLRD) distance upstream of the ingress point of MLs. Decision distance is an optimal upstream distance prior to the ingress at which drivers decide to use MLs and change lanes to orient on a side of MLs ingress. To answer this question, this study used a VISSIM model simulating I-295 proposed MLs in Jacksonville, Florida, United States (U.S), varying the MLRD point at regular intervals from 500 feet to 7,000 feet for different levels of service (LOS) input. Three measures of effectiveness (MOEs) - speed, the number of vehicles changing lanes, and following distance - were used for the analysis. These MOEs were measured in the 500 feet zone prior to the ingress. The results indicate that as the LOS deteriorates, speed decreases, the number of vehicles changing lanes increases, and the following distance decreases. When the LOS is constant, the increase in the MLRD distance from the ingress point was associated with the increase in the speed at the 500 feet zone prior to the ingress, less number of lane changes, and the increase in following vehicle gap. However, the MOEs approached constant values after reaching a certain MLRD distance. LOS D was used to determine the minimum MLRD distance to the ingress of the MLs. The determined minimum MLRD distances were 4,000 and 3,000 feet for 6 and 3 lane segments prior to the ingress point, respectively. Another issue addressed in this thesis is the managed lane evaluation (MLE) outputs, which include speed, travel time, density, and tolls. In computing the performance measures, the existing VISSIM managed lane evaluation (EVMLE) tool is designed to use the section starting at the point when vehicles are assigned to use MLs, also known as the MLRD point, which is located upstream of the ingress. The longer the MLRD distance from the ingress, the more the EVMLE tool uses the traffic conditions of the MLs traffic before entering the ML in its computations. This study evaluates the impact of the MLRD distance on the EVMLE outputs and presents a proposed algorithm that addresses the EVMLE shortcomings. In order to examine the influence of the MLRD distance on the outputs of the above-mentioned two algorithms, simulation scenarios of varying MLRD distances from 500 ft to 7,000 feet from the ingress were created. For demonstration purposes, only the speed was used to represent other performance measures. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was performed to determine whether there was a significant difference in the speed results with the change in the MLRD distance. According to the ANOVA results, the EVMLE tool produced ML speeds that are MLRD dependent, yielding lower speeds with an increased MLRD distance. On the other hand, the ML speed results from the proposed algorithm were fairly constant, regardless of the MLRD distance.