本論文藉由瞭解在臺學習華語的外籍學生對於兩岸口音的看法，以供臺灣華語教師在教學現場應使用何種口音作為參考。研究對象是臺灣北部某國立大學的華語文教學中心中級班以上的外籍學生。研究方法包含假貌相比測驗法（Matched-Guise technique）、問卷調查和焦點團體訪談三項研究工具，蒐集研究資料，作為分析與討論問題的依據。 經過研究實施與資料分析，歸結研究結果如下：（一）多數外籍學生具有聽辨兩岸口音差異之能力；（二）兩岸口音各有其擁護者；（三）兩岸口音的印象差異，除了在聲母、韻母及聲調，如：捲舌音、輕聲及兒化韻等等的差別以外，說話的語氣，如：聲音的大小、說話的速度、聲音的高低等，也會影響外籍學生對兩岸口音的印象；（四）外籍學生在選擇華語口音時所考慮的要素為「不同學習階段的需求」、「易學」、「當地文化與朋友」、「好聽」以及「較具親和力」等五項因素；（五）本研究的外籍學生認為在現階段應學習臺灣口音的華語，奠立良好的口音基礎，進而拓展聽力寬度，然後再進入多元口音輸出的階段。 最後根據調查結果提出華語教學上的啟發與後續研究建議，以供華語教師、學校行政單位以及教學研究者在兩岸華語口音方面的參考。 / This study aims to investigate how CFL(Chinese as a foreign language) students in Taiwan view the accent of Mandarin Chinese produced by Taiwanese and Mainlanders. The participants of the study are from a university in Taipei city, and they are at intermediate-level and above. The research methods adopted in the study include Matched-Guise technique, questionnaire survey, and focus group interview. The major findings are: (1) Most CFL students have the ability to distinguish the accent of Mandarin Chinese produced by Taiwanese and Mainlanders; (2) the two accents have their own supporters; (3) CFL students’ impressions of the two accents include not only initials, finals and tones, but also volume, speed and pitch. Another interesting finding is that most CFL students in Taiwan want to learn Mandarin with a Taiwanese accent because (1) Taiwanese accent is easier to learn; (2) CFL students in Taiwan want to interact with Taiwanese and learn Taiwanese culture. When CFL students in Taiwan become high intermediate or advanced students, they also wish to be exposed to Mandarin with mainlander’s accent in order to expand their repertoire of the Chinese language. At the end of the thesis, pedagogical implications and suggestions for further research are included.

本研究旨在瞭解目前成人華語文教學課堂遊戲設計、規劃與實施的現況，以及成人華語教師對課堂遊戲的看法；調查的內容包括遊戲實施的頻率、目的、優缺點和適用性等。為達成研究目的，本研究採用調查研究法，以調查問卷與焦點團體訪談為研究工具，蒐集研究資料，作為分析與討論問題的依據。本調查研究針對臺北市11所公私立大學校院華語文教學中心之華語教師進行調查，以滾雪球抽樣發出120份調查問卷，回收有效問卷91份，彙整分析調查結果。其後，從表達參與訪談意願的受試華語教師中，隨機選取6位教師進行焦點團體訪談，探討華語教師對成人華語文教學課堂遊戲實施的經驗、想法與意見。 經過研究實施與資料分析，歸結研究結果如下：（一）儘管課堂遊戲並非臺灣成人華語文教學課堂中的主要活動，多數教師仍肯定課堂遊戲應用於成人學生的適用性，並且同意課堂遊戲能有效提升學生的語言能力與學習興趣；課堂遊戲訓練學生的主要語言技能為口說和聽力，確實表現了語言的溝通交際功能；成人學生的華語程度、個性、年齡是主要影響課堂遊戲實施的個別差異。（二）華語教師的「教育程度」會影響其對於「遊戲能否有效提升學生學習興趣」的評估；華語教師在「成人華語文教學以外的教學工作類型」會影響其「設計或規劃課堂遊戲的時間點」。（三）華語教師認為使用課堂遊戲所遭遇的主要問題為「遊戲設計與教具製作費時、缺乏遊戲資料來源」，建議包括同事交換心得、參加教學研習、請學生提供適合的遊戲等；次要問題為「成人學生對課堂遊戲沒興趣、參與意願低」，建議是一旦出現學生不配合的情況，教師應該改變遊戲規則、類型、帶領方式，或是直接結束遊戲。 最後根據調查結果提出相關建議，以供華語教師、學校行政單位以及教學研究者在成人華語文教學課堂遊戲設計、規劃與實施等方面的參考。 / The present study aims to investigate the current situation of classroom games applied in adult Chinese teaching, and teachers’ perspectives toward games used in adult Chinese teaching. A total of 91 teachers of Chinese language center, from universities in Taipei city, responded to a questionnaire designed for this survey. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and cross analysis. Afterward, six Chinese teachers were chosen randomly to participate in a focus group interview. They discussed their experiences and perception of using games to teach adult Chinese learners. Results of this study show: (1) Games are not the main activity used in adult Chinese teaching, but teachers mostly have positive response toward game-using in teaching adult Chinese learners. (2) Teachers’ different educational backgrounds significantly influence their attitude toward the statement “games teaching would increase students’ learning interest”. Teachers’ teaching experiences also influence significantly the timing of preparing classroom games. (3) The duration of game-preparing, the insufficiency of game material, and adult students are unwilling to participate in those games are the main challenges reported by teachers. Based on the findings of the survey, teaching implications and suggestions for further research are included at the end of the thesis.

本研究將繪本運用於成人華語的非正式課程（課外免費教學），旨在透過成人華語學習者對於繪本運用於成人華語文教學的看法及其學習成效，了解成人華語繪本教學的可行性。為達研究目的，本研究採用探索性的研究，以需求分析、課堂觀察記錄與焦點團體訪談為研究工具，蒐集研究資料，作為分析及討論問題的依據。本研究先針對臺灣北部某國立大學之華語文教學中心中級以上之外籍成人學習者發放需求調查問卷，之後以中級程度為限，於該華語中心開設「繪本學華語」免費課，並對修課之學習者進行焦點團體訪談，探討其對成人華語繪本教學的想法與意見。 經過研究實施與資料分析，歸結研究結果如下：（一）有趣又有助於學習者語言能力的繪本教學活動亦適用於成人華語學習者，可見繪本教學不只是兒童的專利；（二）繪本教學能為學習者帶來語言認知、情意上的助益，並彌補正規課程的不足；（三）繪本運用於成人華語教學時，繪本適合與否主要取決於「語言程度」、「繪本題材」與「圖片色彩與畫風」，其中又以「語言程度」最為重要，優先於另外兩者；而就主題而言，與「生活」及「文化」有關的內容最吸引學習者；（四）受限於免費課課程課時短少、分散，且對學習者缺乏約束力與強制力的特性，繪本教學在語言新知與技能提升方面的成效並不明顯，但可作為正規課的複習與輔助教材；（五）繪本運用於中級成人華語免費班教學所遭遇的主要困難為：難以找到與學習者語言程度相符的繪本、過於分散的課型易打斷繪本情節的連續性、免費班學習者語言程度不一。 最後根據調查結果提出華語文教學上的啟發與後續研究建議，以供華語文教學者在成人華語繪本教學方面的參考。 / This study applied picture books to an adult CSL free course, aiming to investigate adult CSL (Chinese as a second language) learners’ perspectives toward using picture books in adult CSL teaching, and the learning efficiency through picture book instruction. The research methods adopted in the study include needs analysis, classroom observations, and focus group interview. The participants of the study are intermediate-level students from a Chinese language center of a university in Northern Taiwan. The results of this study are (1) picture book instruction with interesting and language skill enhancing teaching activities suits adult CSL learners; (2) picture book instruction can benefit adult CSL learners both cognitively and affectively; (3) When using picture books to teach adult CSL learners, the main concerns are language difficulty, topic choice, and the style of pictures; (4) as the instruction time for the adult CSL free course is short and scattered, and it lacks the mandatory and binding force, such picture book instruction does not improve learners’ vocabulary and grammars significantly; however, it may serve as a good supplementary or review course; (5) the three major challenges for picture book adult free CSL course instruction are choices of picture book to suit learners’ needs, short and scattered instruction time, and learners’ various proficiency levels. Pedagogical implications and suggestions for further research are included in the end of the thesis

在全球化的趨勢下，外語教學所強調的交際能力不再侷限於語言形式的相關技能，而是透過對文化的分析解釋，幫助學習者獲得更全面的溝通能力。文學作品透過各層面的文學想像，幫助學習者意識到實際交際的複雜性、模糊性。而文學作為現實生活的反映，往往會引起不同背景的學習者對不同文化與文明之間的共鳴，藉此了解跨文化交際間雙方對所處的社會現實不同的理解。 魯迅的小說作品刻畫出中國人的民族性格，是中國文化的可貴資產。他筆下的人物、歷史意蘊、文化色彩等，正好為學習者提供相應的語境，幫助學習者自作品中的社會交往符號和常規了解另一個社會的文化群體。然而目前華語文教學界在理論研究上對中國現代文學課程缺乏足夠的重視，故本研究旨在探討魯迅小說於文化課程上之應用。 本文採質的研究法，探討文學與文化於華語文教學上之運用，並以〈孔乙己〉、〈祝福〉、〈阿Q正傳〉三篇小說為討論範圍。文化課程實踐將以〈祝福〉為主，進行試驗教學，並根據其教學結果評估，適當修正〈孔乙己〉、〈阿Q正傳〉之教案。針對上述提及的魯迅文化觀之分析，本論文將從兩方面觀照：一、以魯迅的三篇小說為範圍，論述魯迅所批評的中國文化觀，並闡釋魯迅小說所傳達的思想內容。二、探討一九一九至一九七六年後文藝批評者對魯迅的評價及研究。 根據研究結果，研究結論有二：一、魯迅小說著作是提升華語文學習者之文化意識的重要素材；二、學習者能主動參與以魯迅小說為主題而設計的文化討論。最後，研究者根據研究結果提出相關建議：一、語言學習者的交際能力可能受限於目標語的文化知識。故為了幫助在台學習華語的外籍生獲得更全面的交際能力，結合台灣文學以及其背後的民俗意義於文化教學中，勢必能提高學生對文化的學習動機；二、語言作為一種符號系統，在編碼和解碼的過程中能反映某種文化意義，故結合文學的語言形式和文化內容設計閱讀課程是必要的。 / With the trend of globalization, communicative competence in foreign language education requires not only the goal of communicative efficiency but the development of culture awareness. In other words, it is not sufficient for learners to know how to communicate meanings but to understand the practice of meaning making itself. Literary texts are products that reflect different aspects of society. For it is through literature, serving as cultural documents, that learners can sense the complexity and ambiguity in norms of interaction in cross-cultural situations, and thus to be sympathetic to a different country and culture. Lu Xun’s novels, analyzing specific “Chinese national characteristics”, had a great impact on how modern China looks in the past. Through the historical background, emotional resonances and moral imaginings embodied in Lu Xun’s novels, learners are able to gain a deeper understanding of Chinese culture. However, literature has not been given much emphasis in the TCSL classroom. As a result, the purpose of the thesis is to explore Lu Xun’s perspective on Chinese culture and to apply its results to the practical use of teaching Chinese. A qualitative research method was employed to analyze Lu Xun’s novels and to exploit the novel called “New Year’s Sacrifice” in the classroom. In detail, the present thesis focuses on two discussions: (1) Analyzing Lu Xun’s novels: The underlying value orientations presented in “Kong Yiji”, ”The True Story of Ah Q “ and “New Year’s Sacrifice “will be discussed. (2) Analyzing critical appraisals of Lu Xun’s work in order to figure out how Lu Xun became one of the most prominent authors of modern China: Critics’ views in 1919 to the years after 1976 will be examined. Results of the study indicate that the multiple layers of cultural meaning in Lu Xun’s novels can raise learners’ culture awareness as well as motivate learners to discover the underlying concept of culture. Lastly, the suggestions developed from the discussions are provided as follows: (1) Negotiation of meaning often flounders because of a lack of understanding and trust of how to participate in different discourse environments. Thus, Taiwanese literature can be included in culture teaching for students who are learning Chinese in Taiwan. Through the cultural context provided in Taiwanese literature, students are able to acquire a much more sophisticated competence in the manipulation of symbolic systems and also to enhance positive attitudes toward Taiwanese culture group. (2) The interaction between language and culture should be considered as a substantial part of culturally oriented language courses.