Magister Artium - MA / Ethiopian ethnic groups exhibit highly autochthonous cultural norms and values that are embedded in their traditional beliefs, systems, and religions. This study shows how, at the grassroots level, the Gurage ethnic group in Ethiopia, uses culturally legitimate forms of conflict resolution practices to mobilize and reinforce gender hierarchies, and how the discourses of culture, custom, tradition, social stability and cohesion are connected to gendered power relations. The study provides an analysis of how discourses of culture in African contexts influence, and become a compelling framework for both men and women to define themselves in institutions of marriage, and in related practices of conflict resolution and mediation.Drawing on a rich body of Southern African theory and analysis and by deploying it in relation to marriage in the Ethiopian context, the research shows that customary practices of conflict resolution have been one of the central Ethiopian definitions of authentic culture. Ethiopia, unlike the rest of Africa, reveals many complexities in exploring popular mechanisms and institutions that are very convincingly ''pre-colonial''. At present, these are manifested through cynicism towards western culture, reluctance to readily embrace it, and an accentuated sense of national pride shaped through the struggle against hovering ethnocentricism, imperialism and neo-imperialism. The research explores the dynamics of power that influence married couples' decisions about where and how they should resolve their martial disputes, and in selecting between the formal justice system and customary mediating mechanism. First-hand information was gathered from women and customary leaders, via participatory methodologies, and the data served as input to explain why and how discourses of culture are being mobilized so powerfully to reinforce gender hierarchies in Ethiopia. The research findings evidently show how ''culture'' is ''made real'' and authentic for Ethiopians, particularly for members of the Gurage ethnic group, through the dealings of popular cultural practices: the resolution of marital conflicts. I argue that marital conflict resolution in Gurage is an elaborate practice that validates patriarchal agenda, overseen by male elders, to regulate problems within individual marriages. The research problematised the recognition of ''customary practice'' in the Constitution as alternative systems by presenting the limited rights Gurage women have as opposed to the ''freedom of choice'' that is granted in the Constitution. The case reveals the difficulty of having two laws that have different understanding of human rights.

The purpose of the study was to better understand marital conflict and marital satisfaction among Latina mothers in the Home Instruction for Parents of Preschool Youngsters (HIPPY) program. Latina mothers living in a marriage or in a committed relationship (n = 91) reported levels of marital conflict and marital satisfaction. Between both groups, non-HIPPY mothers reported significantly less marital satisfaction and more conflict associated with affection than HIPPY mothers. A negative correlation (r = -.495, p <.001, n = 91) indicated that more satisfaction was related to less marital conflict. Out of ten marital conflicts, religion, leisure time, drinking, and other women (outside the relationship) best explained how satisfied mothers were in their relationship with their spouse. In this study, participants who were in the HIPPY program may have more support and higher marital quality. Social service programs such as HIPPY may help families build stronger marriages. Further research on Latino/Hispanic culture and values are important when developing culturally sensitive marriage and couples education.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether adult attachment style, psychological abuse in the marriage, conflict resolution strategies, and gender are associated with relational quality in childless couples in the early years of their marriage. Data were collected from 92 married couples who were recruited from university campuses, churches, and community organizations through e-mails, flyers, newspaper advertisements and mailings. Conceptualizing the interdependence of dyadic data from the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM), multilevel linear modeling (MLM) was used to analyze differences within and between couples. It was hypothesized that higher levels of attachment anxiety or avoidance, psychological abuse, and maladaptive conflict resolution strategies would be associated with lower relational quality. Results indicated that attachment avoidance had stronger associations with relational quality than did attachment anxiety, and that higher levels of attachment avoidance were associated with lower relational quality. Additionally, findings indicated a direct negative relationship between both actor and partner psychological abuse and the actor's relational quality. The discussion section addresses strengths and limitations of the present study as well as directions for future research.

Caregiver burden results from the stress that parents feel due to their responsibilities as a caregiver. This study was performed to analyze a proposed model of variables that predict caregiver burden of parents raising a child with type 1 diabetes, as well as determine differences in mothers' and fathers' models of caregiver burden. The predictor variables of caregiver burden were based on mothers and fathers perceptions of marital conflict, marital satisfaction, depression, child externalizing behaviors, number of children in the family, and family income. The results showed that for mothers, marital conflict, depression, and child externalizing behaviors had significant direct relationships to caregiver burden. For fathers, marital satisfaction, depression, and income had significant direct relationships to caregiver burden. The gender comparison showed a difference in the relationships of depression, marital conflict, and marital satisfaction with caregiver burden for mothers and fathers. Marital satisfaction had a stronger relationship with fathers' caregiver burden than with mothers', and marital conflict had a stronger relationship with mothers' caregiver burden than fathers' caregiver burden. Depression was significantly related to both mothers' and fathers' caregiver burden with fathers' depression having the stronger association with caregiver burden. These findings provide an increased understanding of the caregiver burden of parents who have a child with diabetes.

A fundamental purpose of this study was to provide marriage preparation providers with counselors perceptions of potential marital problem areas. A structured questionnaire was sent to LDS counselors, defined as members of the Association of Mormon Counselors and Psychotherapists (AMCAP). These LDS counselors rated 29 problem areas that LDS couples, (members members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints), might encounter in a first marriage or remarriage. Results (N=231) were analyzed in an attempt to determine the most frequent, most damaging and most difficult problems to deal with in LDS first marriages and remarriages.Findings suggest that "communication", "sex", "unrealistic expectations of marriage or spouse", "money management" and "power struggles" were all identified as most frequent and most damaging problems/complaints first time LDS marriages might encounter. Problems with "previous marriage", "serious individual problems", "children", "power struggles", "unrealistic expectations of marriage or spouse", "communication" and "money management/finances" were identified as most frequent and damaging to LDS remarital couples.For both LDS first marriages and remarriages, problems with "power struggles" were identified as frequent and damaging, however, this topic is not commonly addressed in marriage preparation programs. These findings suggest that issues of power should be included as an area of focus in marriage preparation programs.

Les conflits dans les couples sont souvent perçus négativement et ayant un impact sur la qualité du couple et l'adaptation des enfants. En revanche, ce ne sont pas tous les conflits qui sont négatifs. En effet, dans un contexte où les parents utilisent des stratégies de résolution positives, les situations de conflits pourraient devenir un terrain d'apprentissage pour les jeunes enfants et leur permettent de réutiliser ces modèles afin d'être plus compétents socialement. La présente étude vise à évaluer le lien entre les stratégies de résolution de conflits conjugaux et la compétence sociale des enfants d'âge préscolaire en fonction du sexe du parent et du sexe de l'enfant. Les données ont été recueillies auprès de 160 familles ayant un enfant âgé entre 4 et 6 ans. Il s'agit d'un devis de recherche transversal. Les résultats montrent que les stratégies de résolution des conflits conjugaux des parents sont marginalement liées au niveau de compétence sociale de l'enfant, mais ce, uniquement pour le père. En outre, le sexe de l'enfant modère marginalement ce lien, les garçons étant plus compétents lorsqu'exposés au rapport élevé des stratégies positives du père. Une différence significative a été observée entre les garçons et les filles quant à leur niveau de compétence sociale, les filles étant plus compétentes socialement que les garçons. / In couples, conflict is often viewed negatively and affecting the quality of the relationship and children's adjustment. On the other hand, not all conflicts are negative. Indeed, in a context where parents use positive resolution strategies, conflicts can become a learning environment for young children and allow them to reuse these models to be more socially competent. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between marital conflict resolution strategies and the social competence of preschool children depending on the sex of the parent and the child's sex. Data were collected from 160 families with a child aged between 4 and 6 years old. This is a transversal research design. Results show marital conflict resolution strategies are marginally related to the level of social competence of the children, but only for the fathers. In addition, children's gender marginally moderate this relation, boys being more socially competent when more exposed to a high ratio of positive resolution strategies from their fathers. A significant difference was observed between boys and girls as to their level of social competence, girls being more competent socially than boys.

A pesquisa tem como objetivo reformular uma base de dados, desenvolvida e utilizada pela equipe do Laboratório de Estudos da Conjugalidade (LEC): atendimento em Psicoterapia Breve. Esta base de dados informatizada é um instrumento que visa aprimorar a forma de registro de material clínico de atendimentos em psicoterapia breve para fins clínico-institucionais e de pesquisa o que, como decorrência, contribuirá também com o serviço de psicoterapia na clínica institucional. O projeto de pesquisa foi elaborado a partir da experiência da autora nas atividades clínicas que desenvolve como psicóloga na Clínica Psicológica do Instituto Sedes Sapientiae (ISS), mais especificamente no LEC. A autora realiza atendimentos em psicoterapia breve nas modalidades individual e casal, participa das supervisões e discussões de caso em grupo e de grupos de estudos com a equipe do referido Laboratório. Os atendimentos clínicos seguem a fundamentação teórica e técnica baseada principalmente nos autores: Winnicott, Malan, Gilliéron, Bergeret e Hegenberg. Utilizando como metodologia qualitativa a análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin e Turato, e tendo como documentos para análise os registros realizados pelos psicoterapeutas no período de outubro de 1999 a julho de 2004, foi realizada a sistematização e categorização dos registros. A pesquisa tem por foco os registros da fase inicial do processo de psicoterapia breve (avaliação inicial). Em função dos resultados obtidos aprimoramos o banco de dados já existente possibilitando a utilização dos respectivos registros clínicos para pesquisas quantitativas e qualitativas com apoio dos recursos da informática (desenvolvimento de software). A versão informatizada já se encontra disponível para fase de testes. / This research aims to exam and refine a set of data, developed and used by the staff of the Laboratório de Estudos da Conjugalidade: atendimento em psicoterapia breve (LEC). This computerized set of data is a tool which tries to improve the way the clinical material of the sessions of brief psychotherapy is recorded, making these reports able to be used in clinical-institutional work as well as in new researches; and, of course, this will contribute also to the work in the institutional clinic. This research was designed on the grounds of the author\'s experience in her activities as psychologist of the Clínica Psicológica do Instituto Sedes Sapientiae (ISS), particularly in the LEC. In her practice the author does brief psychotherapy - individual or with couples -, works in supervisions and discussions of cases in groups and attends lecture groups with the staff of the above mentioned LEC. In her practice the author uses mainly the technical and theoretical approaches of the following authors: Winnicott, Malan, Gilliéron, Bergeret and Hegenberg. By using as methodological framework the context analysis suggested by Bardin, and having as raw material for this investigation the reports made by the psychologists of the LEC between october/99 and july/04, we aim to systematize and ordinate the data. The focus of the research will be the records of the initial phase of the process of brief psychotherapy (preliminary evaluation). By the end of the research we expect to have refined the existing data permitting, from then on, the correct use of this set of records of clinical cases in new qualitative and quantitative researches with the support of modern techniques in informatics (developing of software).

Submitted by Fabricia Fialho Reginato (fabriciar) on 2015-08-25T00:08:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MicheleTrindade.pdf: 986974 bytes, checksum: c7865e10ed9e9c52c428a3cd8db9c055 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-25T00:08:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MicheleTrindade.pdf: 986974 bytes, checksum: c7865e10ed9e9c52c428a3cd8db9c055 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação teve como objetivo investigar as interações entre as práticas educativas parentais, o conflito pais-filho e a percepção do conflito interparental na dependência de internet em jovens. Realizou-se um estudo exploratório descritivo de caráter quantitativo e transversal. A amostra foi constituída por 200 jovens brasileiros, com idades de 15 a 24 anos. Os participantes responderam individualmente ao protocolo disponível online, constituído por um questionário sobre dados sócio-demográficos e sobre o uso da internet, a Escala de Conflito Pais-filho, a Escala de Práticas Parentais, a Escala de Percepção dos Filhos sobre Conflito Inter-parental (Childrens’ Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale), o Teste de Dependência de Internet (Internet Addiction Test) e o Questionário Diagnóstico de Dependência de Internet (Internet Addiction Diagnostic Questionnaire). Esta dissertação está organizada na forma de dois artigos empíricos, cujos títulos são: “Conflitos familiares e práticas educativas parentais como preditores de dependência de internet em jovens” e “Perfil discriminante de jovens dependentes de internet: o papel das relações familiares”. Os resultados encontrados corroboram estudos internacionais sobre as repercussões das relações familiares na dependência de internet e indicam que as variáveis investigadas têm papel e peso consideráveis na dependência de internet em jovens, tendo em vista que esse é um fenômeno complexo e de natureza multifatorial. / This dissertation aimed to investigate the interactions between parenting practices, parent-child conflict and the perception of interparental conflict on Internet addiction in young people. We conducted a descriptive exploratory study of quantitative and transversal character. The sample consisted of 200 young Brazilians between 15 and 24 years of age. Participants responded individually to the protocol available online, consisting of a questionnaire about socio-demographic data and the use of the internet, the Escala de Conflito Pais-filho (Parent-Child Conflict Scale), the Escala de Práticas Parentais (Parental Practices Scale), the Childrens' Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale, the Internet Addiction Test and the Internet Addiction Diagnostic Questionnaire. This dissertation is organized as two empirical articles, and the titles are: "Family conflicts and parenting practices as predictors of Internet addiction in young people" and "discriminant Profile of young internet dependents: the role of family relationships." Results confirm international studies on the impact of family relationships on Internet addiction and indicate that the investigated variables have considerable weight and role on Internet addiction in young people, considering that this is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:40:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvana Negro Barboza.pdf: 1531363 bytes, checksum: 3330e8d1b8aa9e1b205780c3a35db8fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-13 / The objective of this work was to understand the underlying reasons which lead a woman to maintain an unsatisfactory relationship. In order do achieve this goal, some of them were hereby presented using qualitative research carried out with five subjects whose age varied between 37 and 59 years old, separated after having lived within an unsatisfying relationship, according to their own statements. The data was gathered by the use of semi structured interviews, as well as by constructing a genogram and a timeline. Based on the analysis of the narrative outcomes of the interviewed women, categories and sub categories which allow selecting some of the reasons which led those women to remain married in spite of the reported dissatisfaction were devised. All motives presented by them such as: gender, beliefs concerning marriage and separation, individuality needs, conjugal experience and transgenerationality are very relevant and, at times, easily perceived both by the women and by the other people of their relationship. All but the transgenerationality, which is not so easily visible, and except when there is an especial attention to their antecessor stories (mother and grandmother) and to their own stories. In those cases it was possible to identify and notice to what extent the same story is repeated. In conclusion, it is important to widen the look to the issue of transgenerationality, when women in such situation search for help, in order to help them realize that sometimes the guilt they feel are not their own, but inherited from some other family member, like a secret to be kept / O objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender os motivos que levam uma mulher a permanecer em uma relação insatisfatória. Para tanto foram apresentados alguns desses motivos e através de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada com cinco mulheres de idade entre 37 e 59 anos, separadas e que permaneceram durante um período com seus parceiros insatisfeitas, segundo as mesmas. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevista semiestruturada, construção de genograma e linha do tempo. A partir da análise das narrativas das entrevistadas formaram-se categorias e sub-categorias que permitiram selecionar alguns dos motivos que levaram as entrevistadas a permanecerem casadas apesar da insatisfação relatada. Todos os motivos apresentados tais como: gênero, crenças quanto ao casamento e separação, individualidade e conjugalidade, transgeracionalidade, são bastante relevantes e muitas vezes facilmente percebidos tanto por elas quanto pelas demais pessoas de seus relacionamentos, exceto a transgeracionalidade, que é algo não tão facilmente visível e somente com uma atenção especial dada às histórias delas e de suas antecessoras (mãe e avó) foi possível identificar e perceber o quanto essa história se repete. Concluindo acho importante uma ampliação do olhar, quando da busca de auxílio por parte dessas mulheres, para a questão da transgeracionalidade, de modo a ajuda-las a perceber que muitas vezes as culpas que sentem não são suas, mas herdadas de um algum outro membro da família, como um segredo a ser preservado

Adolescence is characterized as the transition period from childhood to adulthood and healthy adjustment invokes internal and external resources. The individual resources consist of the regulatory abilities, which are influenced by emotional family context. Emotional family context includes factors such as parenting, attachment quality to parents, and the level of marital conflict between parents. However, these three research areas have relatively remained separate from each other and the period of adolescence is mostly neglected in longitudinal research. In order to partially fill in this gap, both cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between proximal family contextual factors, regulatory abilities and psychosocial adjustment of the adolescents were examined by collecting data from first and second grade students of two high schools (N = 426), their teachers (N = 353), and parents (N = 187 for mothers, N = 175 for fathers). In line with the propositions of the Attachment (Bowlby, 1969 / 1973) and Self-Determination Theories (SDT / Deci &amp / Ryan, 1985), and the frameworks within marital conflict literature (Davies &amp / Cummings, 1994 / Grych &amp / Fincham, 1990), it was anticipated that parental warmth, behavioral control, and secure attachment to both parents would influence regulatory capacities of the adolescents positively, and healthy regulation processes would be related to successful psychosocial adjustment of the adolescents. On the other hand, parental rejection, comparing adolescents with others, psychological control, and marital conflict would predict low levels of regulatory abilities, and in turn, they would be associated with poor psychosocial adjustment. Similarly, the longitudinal effects of marital conflict on parenting and the effects of attachment quality to parents on regulatory development of the adolescents were also examined. Participants completed multiple measures of the major variables in the study. The structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses were used to test the proposed mediated models. The findings of the study mostly supported the direct effects of emotional family context on regulatory abilities of the adolescents, their problem behaviors, and the quality of the relationships with their peers. The results were generally consistent with the previous research in the Western cultures. Positive emotional family context variables were related with the healthy development, whereas negative ones were related with poor developmental outcomes. The results of covariance analyses also showed that attachment strength to parents and the quality of peer relationships were related with healthy regulatory processes of the adolescents. The longitudinal SEM analyses showed that externalization problems of the adolescents, which were associated with the marital conflict between parents, predicted higher levels of negative parenting in the long run. Additionally, secure attachment to parents predicted high levels of positive and low levels of negative parenting, all of which were associated with adolescents&rsquo / high levels of positive regulatory capacities. This study contributed to the understanding of the effects of emotional family context on adolescent optimal development through time and showed that for a healthy adjustment, high-quality close relationships both with the family and the peers were required.