Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate how certified labels are being communicated through sustainable marketing within the grocery store sector. Research Question: How can the grocery store sector use sustainable marketingcommunication in order to contribute to a wider knowledge regarding sustainabilityand certified products? Method: The study is of qualitative character, with a combination of an inductive and deductive approach. The empirical data has been collected through five semi-structured interviews and one telephone interview. Result and conclusion: Sustainable marketing communication can contribute with an increased knowledge regarding sustainability when communicating and defining the term in an easy and clear way which makes it possible for anyone, no matter age or education, to understand what sustainability means. Regarding certified labels, sustainable marketing communication can contribute with an increased knowledge by creating an interest for the label in question. This can be achieved by defining the certified labels brand image by clear and accurate associations. Recommendations: The grocery stores must communicate easy messages in order for the consumers to understand what sustainability is as well as using social media as a strategic marketing tool. The certified labels need to establish accurate associations while working with transparency.

Business to Business (B2B) firms spend significant resources managing close relationships with their customers, yet there is limited understanding of how the customers perceive the relationship based on the customer management efforts initiated by the firm. Specifically, studies on how firms communicate different values to B2B customers and how they perceive the values the firm offers by consistently evaluating the direct marketing communication which ultimately affect their buying behaviors have been largely overlooked. Typically, the direct marketing communication efforts are geared towards explicitly featuring economic values or relational values. To implement an effective communication strategy catering to customers’ preferences, firms should understand how these organizational marketing communications dynamically influence the perceived importance of different values offered by the firm. Therefore, using data from a Fortune 500 B2B service firm and employing a content analysis and a robust econometric model, we find that (i) the effect of economic and relational marketing communication on customer purchase behavior vary by customers and change overtime (ii) the latent stock variable of direct marketing communication affect the customer purchase behaviors and (iii) the evolution of customers’ perceived importance can be recovered using the transaction data. Overall, we provide a marketing resource reallocation strategy that enables marketers to customize marketing communication and improve a firm’s financial performance.

Background The concept of celebrity endorsement is a constantly growing marketing communication tool. A recent example of when the usage of celebrities within advertising has been successful is the case of Zlatan Ibrahimovic endorsing Volvo. Because of the expansive usage of celebrities in advertising as well as the ongoing increase of competition, the development for further efficiency in celebrity endorsement is essential for creating efficient advertisements. The foundation of this thesis relies upon the meaning transfer model (McCracken, 1989) as well as the source effects model (Ohanian, 1990). Purpose This thesis intends to investigate how the different source effects within celebrity endorsement are appealing to the various consumers based on their age and gender. To be able to further investigate into the nature of the differences between genders, we will observe how gender stereotypical- and gender neutral products are perceived by the consumers and the role that the gender of the endorser plays in celebrity endorsement. Method In order to fulfill the purpose of this thesis, an abductive study was conducted by the usage of both quantitative and qualitative data. The data was collected through a questionnaire, both among the members of Bryngfjorden GK and students at Jönköping International Business School, and focus groups with participants representing the overall population of Sweden. Conclusion We have identified numerous of different characteristics of the consumers that will influence their perception of celebrity endorsers in advertisements, thus depending on age and gender. Mainly we have found is that younger consumers put a large emphasis on the attractiveness effect of the celebrity endorser compared to older people who rather emphasize on the credibility effects of the endorser. Further we have found explanations for how different product types are dependent on the gender of the consumer, as well as the gender of the endorser, for creating an effective advertising message.

Background - Supply is nowadays higher than the demand, making it possible for consumers to pick, choose and purchase brands that responds to their individual identity. Due to the numerous offerings available, consumers have started to become resistant and they are now withstanding the influence of brands marketing activities. The concept of brand avoidance is one type of personal anti-consumption behaviour which deals with understanding why consumers actively avoid purchasing a specific brand, although the consumer has the financial and physical abilities to do so. Purpose - People are deliberately avoiding brands due to their marketing communication, but the existing research of the underlying reasons are limited and unexplored. Knittel, Beurer and Berndt (2016) previously added advertising as a fifth reason for brand avoidance, though it is not clear whether there are further factors or reasons that affects brand avoidance. By using the elements in the IMC promotional mix as a base, all communication activities a brand is using are included, which makes the study more comprehensive. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and gain a broader understanding of why consumers deliberately chose to avoid certain brands because of their marketing communication efforts. Method - To fulfil the purpose of the study, an exploratory research design with a qualitative and abductive approach was applied. In the data collection method, focus groups were used and complemented by semi-structured interviews. The aim of using such combination of methods is to limit the risks associated with only having one method for collecting data and further to increase the trustworthiness of this qualitative study. The participants in the study are self-supporting people over the age of 20, living in Sweden. Conclusion - The findings of the study resulted in a revised category called IMC avoidance, based on Knittel et al.´s (2016) advertising avoidance. This, since findings showed that there are more communications tools than advertising that influences a brand avoidance behaviour. The IMC avoidance category includes six components: advertising, direct marketing, interactive/internet marketing, sales promotion, publicity/public relations and personal selling. Researchers within the subject area and marketing managers will benefit from this study in the future, as it contributed with findings within in the fields of brand avoidance, marketing communication and consumer behaviour.

Background Until today, branding in positive forms has been widely researched. It has been studied why consumers choose certain brands and how companies can increase brand loyalty. On the other hand, literature lacks studies on negative branding, which now becomes more interesting to gain more knowledge about. One knows that it is of equal importance to investigate why people would avoid a brand as what makes them purchase a brand. Hence, the topic of anti-consumption and in particular brand avoidance is something that demands more research. Purpose In 2016 Knittel, Beurer and Berndt conducted a research on brand avoidance on products and came to the conclusion that advertising is an additional factor affecting brand avoidance. However, brand avoidance has not yet been researched on a specific industry. Today’s sports industry spends a tremendous amount of money on advertising, thus it is of great interest to investigate how advertising can have a negative effect on the sports companies. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate and gain deeper understanding of what components of advertising affect brand avoidance within the sportswear industry.   Method This thesis was best researched by an exploratory study using a qualitative and abductive approach. Interviews and focus groups have been used as data collection methods. The interviews were held with different companies within the sportswear industry and provided data to create focus groups from as well as first visions on crucial components within advertising. The focus groups provided further understanding on which components that could contribute to brand avoidance due to advertising from a consumer’s perspective.   Conclusion Findings of this thesis show that several components of advertising can lead to brand avoidance within the sportswear industry. The authors conclude the thesis by presenting an extended and revised model of advertising components of brand avoidance, whereas the advertising category is renamed to marketing communication. In total, eight components were identified: content, collaborations, music, channel, trustworthiness, frequency, timing, and response. The revised framework provides new information within brand avoidance for both academics and marketing managers within the sportswear industry.

Title: Management of sporting event - 6 Nations Objectives: Target of the thesis is brought and defines problems with organization sport action 6 Nations. Whole organization will be describe and next will be analyzed the problems, with which the organizers had the opportunity to meet. With help of selected theoretic method will be on the conception of the project the next year show, how prevent and eliminate the arising situation so as the negative repercussion was least. The most important chapter is propagation of the action and options, that this part was the best result. Methods: With help of descriptive case study and date analysis of case study will be description organization of whole action that will be analyzed. On a questionnaire and discussion will be shown problems with propagation and will be devise the methods of propagation so as the propagations was the most intensive and reach target groups. In conclusion is done generalization the obtained results and setting assumptions to successful organization of sport enterprise. Results: Have been identified deficiencies in quality of propagation that wasn't focused on ideal target groups and thus not be met, which was set before the event. The main purpose was expand the water polo between people and get to water polo another young active...

Title: Three Chosen Football Clubs' Marketing Towards Fans Objective: Analysis of the marketing program three football teams and its application towards the fans on the literature, obtained materials and conducted interviews. Methods: Marketing analysis was performed by analysis of internal and external documents and publications relating to the topic, followed by unstructured interviews with fans and semi structured interviews with representatives of clubs SK Slavia Praha and FC Flora Tallinn. A case study was based on the study of sport organizations and institutions and captures descriptions of the relationship and defines the complexity of the problem. This descriptive case study is supported by SWOT analysis. Results: Comparison of marketing programs of examined football clubs and the ways in which these programs are applied. Keywords: Marketing, marketing mix, sports marketing, communication, fans

Title: The marketing communications proposal of project FitCamp Prague focused on online media. Objectives: Taking into account the limited financial resources, the objective of this thesis is to mix the best design of communication tools and new ways of communication, through which the communication objectives of the project FitCamp Prague, can be fulfilled. For this reason the thesis focuses on the online media as the main communication channel. Methods: This study will implement a situational analysis of current marketing situations, which will be built on the SWOT analysis for an overview of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats and on the competitive analysis and customer segmentation. Marketing research will be conducted through interviews. Results: The result of the thesis will create a new marketing communication proposal for the project FitCamp Prague for the period of September 2013 - December 2014. The proposal will be mainly focused on online media. This proposal will be submitted to the organizing team and applied directly into practice. Key words: marketing communication, online media, Facebook, FitCamp Prague

Title: Marketing communication of the running race We Run Prague Objectives: The aim of this work is to describe and analyse and to design and propose new and effective marketing communication elements and features of the running race We Run Prague. Methods: The diploma thesis used methods of descriptive analysis, analysis and evaluation of internal Nike data and documents and qualitative research in the form in-depth interviews. Results: Based on the results of the individual analyzes and qualitative results, I found out that to achieve predetermined objectives and to reach the target group accordingly the future marketing communication of We Run Prague race should focus on the use of online communication and event marketing. Key words: Marketing communication, communication campaign, qualitative research, Nike

Syfte Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur sponsring påverkar konsumenters uppfattning av ett varumärke. Metod Genom ett deduktivt synsätt har litteratur och vetenskapliga artiklar analyserats för att skapa en översikt av tidigare forskning. Data har samlats in via en enkätundersökning där resultatet har analyserats med hjälp av deskriptiv statistik och faktoranalys. Vidare har en diskussion förts över studiens resultat som har lett fram till studiens slutsats. Slutsats Utifrån studien kan vi fastställa att sponsring har positiv inverkan på konsumenters varumärkesmedvetenhet och varumärkesimage. Publiken under ett sportevenemang har förmågan att igenkänna och skapar en minnesbild av ett varumärke som sedan leder till  en förbättrad varumärkesimage. Sponsringen bidrar till att skapa associationer som är betydande för hur konsumenten vidare värderar relationen till ett varumärke. Uppsatsens bidrag Vårt bidrag till ämnet företagsekonomi och marknadsföring är en ökad förståelse hur sponsring påverkar varumärkeskapital. Vi kan således påvisa att exponering av ett varumärke höjer konsumentens medvetenhet och skapar en positiv image. Vidare bidrag inom ämnet är en ökad insikt hur de olika beståndsdelarna i varumärkesmedvetenhet- och image påverkar varandra. / Aim The purpose of this study is to examine how sponsoring affect consumer’s perception of a brand. Method Through a deductive approach has literature and scientific articles been analyzed to get an overview of previous research. Data were collected through a survey where the results have been analyzed by using descriptive statistics and factor analysis. Furthermore, a discussion has been made overthe results of the study which leads to a conclusion of the study. Conclusions Based on the study, we can determine that the sponsorship has a positive impact on consumer brand awareness and brand image. The audience for a sporting event has the ability to recognize and recall a brand which leads to an improved brand image. The sponsorship will help to create associations that are significant for how the consumer further values the relationship with a brand.