Influencer marketing is today a well-known marketing strategy used by many companies and the phenomenon is growing day by day. This is mostly a strategy with the spotlight on how the company can reach their consumers through famous people on social medias, not with focus on what relationship is created between all the parties. This study has the purpose to create a better understanding of how influencers use a marketing communication strategy to build a relationship with their target groups. To delimitate the research the focus will be on Instagram as a platform for influencers to work on. To get an answer on the purpose, a qualitative case study consisting of three interviews with influencers, together with three complementary content studies have been executed. The theories used in the study are influencer marketing along with a marketing communication strategy and relationship marketing model. These are the foundation and the theoretical framework for the study and used to investigate the influencer - follower relationship from the perspective of the influencer. The collected data presents a result that shows that influencers are concerned about their relationship to the followers and are dedicated to improve this. They all see a meaningful gain in creating a long-term relationship with respect and trust shown from both parties. The influencers are in some ways conscious about their usage of marketing communication strategies and in some ways not. We can see similarities and differences between all the influencers regarding all theories. The differences can depend on various nationalities among the respondents and inequality in the number of followers. As a conclusion and theoretical contribution from this study we claim that several parts of the marketing communication strategy used can have a direct impact on specific parts of the relationship marketing model used in this research. Influencers and companies who are aware of these factors may have a bigger chance of success.

A compreensão dos efeitos das atividades de marketing nas vendas de produtos de consumo em um ambiente multicanal é de fundamental importância para acadêmicos e executivos. As decisões sobre as variáveis controláveis de marketing para as marcas de consumo nos mercados considerados emergentes, como o Brasil, são desafiadoras porque, no contexto do varejo alimentar, os canais de distribuição nesses mercados variam mais em relação aos mercados maduros em termos de formatos e tipos de varejistas. No Brasil, o varejo é ainda menos concentrado do que em outros países desenvolvidos. Os supermercados de vizinhança e as lojas tradicionais independentes, como mercearias e padarias, ainda são importantes. Por outro lado, os grandes grupos varejistas têm expandido seus negócios. Considerando que esses canais variam em relação ao tamanho da loja e ao formato (autosserviço e full-service), variedade de SKUs (Stock Keeping Unit) oferecidos, propriedade e perfil do público-alvo, o efeito das atividades de marketing da indústria pode ser diferente em cada um desses canais. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa investiga se os efeitos nas vendas provenientes das atividades de marketing, com foco em gerenciamento de canais e comunicação push (dirigidas aos canais) e pull (dirigidas aos consumidores finais), variam por canal de distribuição, mensurando, assim, quais são os efeitos nas vendas em cada canal. A base de dados utilizada estava disponível por SKU para todas as marcas de bebidas carbonatadas referentes a uma região do Brasil, que representa 16,5% das vendas no varejo alimentar. Os dados, no período de janeiro de 2008 até dezembro de 2011, estavam disponíveis mensalmente incluindo variáveis de produto, preço, cobertura de mercado e atividades promocionais para todos os SKUs de bebidas nos grandes supermercados (AS>5), pequenos supermercados (AS 1-4) e o canal formado pelas lojas full-service, (tradicional). Sobre os investimentos em comunicações de marketing, a base de dados foi disponibilizada por um fabricante de marcas líderes no mercado de bebidas. A metodologia deste trabalho, de abordagem quantitativa, envolveu os testes de validação e a aplicação do método de análise multivariada para séries temporais, seguindo o modelo de Vetores Autorregressivos (VAR). Um ponto de destaque desta pesquisa é a adaptação do modelo VAR para a modelagem das variáveis de marketing em um contexto multicanal, analisando os efeitos das atividades push e pull de maneira integrada com todas as variáveis controláveis de marketing (comunicação, preço, distribuição e produto). Mesmo pesquisas conduzidas em mercados maduros ainda não exploraram totalmente as sinergias entre as atividades push e pull em diferentes canais. Os resultados desta pesquisa indicaram que os efeitos das atividades de marketing variam por canal. As funções de respostas ao impulso, a partir das equações do modelo VAR, são apresentadas para cada atividade de marketing analisada, mensurando seu efeito nas vendas de cada canal. Isso permitiu analisar as hipóteses propostas. Por fim, este estudo contribui com uma metodologia que permite modelar as variáveis de marketing em um contexto multicanal e, ainda, apresenta o efeito das atividades de marketing nas vendas em cada tipo de varejista analisado. / Understanding marketing mix effects on consumer product\'s sales in a multichannel environment is of importance to both scholars and practitioners. Marketing mix decisions for consumer brands in emerging markets, such as Brazil, is challenging because in the grocery retailing, channels in these markets vary more than in the developed markets with regards to their format and type. In Brazil, the level of concentration in grocery retailing is still smaller in than in developed markets. Neighborhood stores and independent mom-and-pop stores are still of importance; however, big retailers\' chains are expanding their businesses. Considering that these channels vary in terms of store size (self-service and full-service), breadth of assortment, value proposition and customers\' profile, effects of manufacturers\' marketing activities might be different in each channel. Under this context, this research analyzes whether effects on sales from the marketing activities vary by channel, with focus on channel management and marketing push and pull. This assessment was possible by measuring what these effects are across channels. Data for the study comes from store audits that spans four years, from 2008 to 2011, for all brands in the carbonated soft-drinks category from a region in Brazil which accounts for 16,5% of sales in food retail. The data was available by channel and SKU, including channel management measures for all SKUs in big supermarkets (AS>5), small supermarkets (AS 1-4) and mom-and-pop stores. Data for the marketing communication spending came from a beverage leading company. The methodology used for this quantitative research included validation tests and the employment of a method for multivariate time series analysis, called Vector Autorregressive Models (VAR). A highlight of the study is the employment of a VAR model in a multichannel context, which makes it possible to analyze the effects of push and pull activities integrated with the others marketing variables (communication, price, distribution and product). Even research conducted in developed markets has not explored synergies between push and pull. Results from this research have indicated that the effects of marketing activities vary by channel. The impulse-reponse functions by each marketing activities and channels are estimated in order to test the hypothesis proposed in this study. Thus, it contributes to creating an understanding of how to model the marketing mix variables in a multichannel environment and to creating an understanding of what marketing activities are more potential to drive higher level of sales by each analyzed channel.

A Cibercultura ganhou notoriedade com as transformações da sociedade contemporânea, as quais foram impulsionadas pela popularização do acesso à Internet e a crescente disseminação dos meios digitais. Caracterizada principalmente pela descentralização, velocidade de acesso a informações e por processos colaborativos, a Cibercultura possibilitou aos consumidores um papel mais ativo no processo de comunicação, fato que, associado à característica de interconectividade da rede, vem provocando a perda do controle da mensagem por parte das organizações e desafiando conceitos clássicos e exigindo alterações significativas na dinâmica da comunicação de marketing. Neste sentido, o estudo aborda o tema da comunicação de marketing no contexto dos meios digitais, com o objetivo de discutir a complementariedade entre meios digitais e tradicionais. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto, a pesquisa foi dividida em duas partes: a primeira parte refere-se à revisão da literatura pertinente ao tema e a segunda parte à pesquisa empírica. A pesquisa empírica foi realizada com base no método exploratório e abordagem qualitativa, por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com especialistas em comunicação digital. A investigação corroborou com muitos dos achados da literatura e adicionou novas perspectivas em relação à complementariedade entre meios digitais e tradicionais na comunicação de marketing. A investigação aponta que a integração entre meios digitais e tradicionais está começando a se desenvolver, devendo evoluir para atividades mais harmoniosas e eficientes em um futuro próximo. / Cyberculture gained notoriety along with the contemporary society transformations, which were driven by widespread access to the Internet and digital media.Mainly characterized by decentralization, agile information access and collaborative processes, Cyberculture allowed consumers a more active role in the communication process, fact which, combined with network interconnectivity, causes the loss of message control by organizations and challenges classical concept, requiring significant changes in the marketing communications operation. In this sense, the study addresses the issue of marketing communication in the digital media context, with the aim of discussing the complementarity between traditional and digital media. To achieve the proposed objective, the study was divided into two parts: the first part refers to the literature review and the second part to the empirical research.The empirical research was exploratory and had a qualitative approach; it was conducted through semi-structured interviews with digital communication experts. Research results validated many of the literature findings and added new perspectives on the complementarity between traditional and digital media.The investigation indicates that digital and traditional media integration is starting to develop, and should evolve into more harmonious and efficient activities in the near future.

This dissertation deals with marketing communication of three brands: Coca-Cola, Pepsi and Kofola on the Czech market. The aim of the work was to analyse and assess the current state of marketing communication of these three brands and with the help of research among consumers to propose activities that could help them in their communication. Information from consumers of cola based beverages of these three brands were gathered by means of a questionnaire survey.

In advertising, the target has traditionally been aimed towards the product’s advantages.Today the trend is that the advertisers want to create a restless and unsatisfied consumer. Theconsumer on her part is not trying to achieve a goal with her consumption, but experiences theconsumption itself as a goal. Because of this the consumer demands a fast and variedselection.In order to sell their products the companies must create a non-existent need amongst theconsumers. Therefore it is very common in advertising today to use emotions instead ofinformation to attract the customers. Fashion ads are often created to form an emotion withthe consumer. It is also very important to make ads that the target group can identify with.The advertisers often try to achieve this by using models with positive qualities that theconsumer can look up to. Because of this we see a tendency that today’s fashion ads are verysimilar and can be hard to separate from each other.In our paper we want to go deeper into marketing communication as a subject by examininghow the receiver is affected by the message in magazine ads. To reach our aim we haveinvestigated, described and analyzed the fashion ads of today to see if they are built by similarcomponents and whether they attract the target group. Our chosen target group is womenbetween 20 and 30 years old. We have decided to have a hermeneutic way of interpretationand an inductive reasoning. To enlighten our problem areas we have chosen to conduct aqualitative study consisting of personal interviews where the objects were asked to make astatement about three fashion ads. We also conducted a quantitative analysis of the ad contentin three fashion magazines. In our theoretical frame of reference we have used marketingliterature. The paper therefore consists of both primary and secondary data.The conclusion of our studies is that our target group mostly perceives fashion ads aspositive, but they do not to a great extent identify themselves with them. They want ads to benatural and that the model is presented in a trustworthy environment regarding the productsthat are in the picture. It is hard for the consumers to separate the ads from each other andconnect them to a specific brand. The women in our target group require that the ads consistof more information, mostly regarding price and store location. Our analysis of content showsthat fashion ads today is similar in imagery and existing elements. The most prominentfeatures are female models and homepage addresses. / <p>Program: Textilekonomutbildningen</p><p>Uppsatsnivå: C</p>

Oscar Jacobson was founded in 1903 in Sweden, which at the timewas a leading country in the textile industry. During the 1960s morecompetitors arose as the fashion industry grew stronger and theglobalization became a fact. Today there is an abundance of brandsand products in the fashion- and textile industry. This has given thecustomers a greater range of products to choose from. We can seetendencies of customer not being as brand loyal as they used to. Toattract and keep the customers loyal the fashion companies need todevelop a unique proposition that differentiates them for theircompetition.It is easy to establish that satisfied customers are the foundation of aprofitable company. It is however harder to define how a companycreates satisfied customers. During our work with this paper wehave discovered that the customer value proposition is a subjectivefactor. A value proposition is the description of the customer’sproblem, the solution of the customer’s problem and the value ofthis solution from the customer’s perspective. Despite a company&apos;sattempts to create value in an objective way with good quality andservice something is missing. So the question is; how will acompany create a relevant customer value proposition?The purpose with our study has been to investigate, describe andanalyses how a Swedish textile company preferably should work tocreate customer value. We have chosen to apply our newfoundknowledge on our investigation company Oscar Jacobson. This willincrease our understanding for factors affecting the customer value.We have used scholarly thesis and qualitative interviews with bothOscar Jacobson’s end customers and retailers. We have alsoconducted an interview with Henrik Schneider, Chief MarketingOfficer, at Oscar Jacobson.We have realized that the value creating process is complex. Allparts within a company need to be pervaded with a clear andconsistent message. After our empirical investigation of OscarIIJacobson’s end customer and retailers we can declare thatsafetyness is a very important factor for Oscar Jacobson’s endcustomers and retailers. safetyness is however nothing that OscarJacobson themselves pointed out as an important factor. We canalso see that the attitude towards Oscar Jacobson is differentdepending on the end customer’s age. The brand awareness ofOscar Jacobson is lower in the younger parts of the target group,which is something Oscar Jacobson needs to take intoconsideration. / Program: Textilekonomutbildningen

I focused my dissertation on the marketing strategies used by Czech subsidiaries of international pharmaceutical firms. There were two main aims of my dissertation. Firstly, to characterize the nature of the pharmaceutical industry, differentiate it clearly from consumer goods industries and identify how these differences influence the marketing strategy used. To reach this goal I used desk research. Secondly, I carried out primary research among 46 large international pharmaceutical firms that run subsidiaries in the Czech Republic. The main aims were to find out what marketing strategy they use (global, modified global, regional, local, or a combination of these), how and where it is created, how it is financed, whether they prefer the promotion of the company name or of individual brands and what communication channels they use.

This thesis deals with sports sponsorship, concretely with an evaluation of the sponsoring activities of partners for a series of competition mountain bikes called Kolo pro život. The first chapter of the theoretical section explains the definition of sponsorship and types of sponsorship. The second chapter deals with sports sponsorship, strategy and effectiveness. In the practical section starting with the third charter I introduce the competition series Kolo pro život. The fourth chapter focuses on the partners of the competition series, where I analyse the motivation of sponsorship, their goals, marketing activities, target groups etc. In the fifth charter I prove my two hypothesis, which I specified before my research started. In the conclusion I suggest improvements for the future.

This thesis focuses on human beauty in advertising photography. The main objective is to chart selected advertisements in the media in which the models have been touched-up by way of the software program. Another objective is to analyze opinions by way of a questionnaire-like investigation of leading Czech photographers and Czech submitters of advertisements based on the topic of human beauty in advertising photography. This work is divided up into several parts. The first part introduces the basic theoretical viewpoint in terms of body image in connection with photography and in terms of marketing communication. The next part focuses on advertising photography in the press and on the Internet. A few examples of exaggerated or unsuccessful cases of touch-ups are included. The main objective of the last part is the assessment of the questionnaires as well as the conclusions that will follow.

The role of educational institutions in the development of society and state economy is becoming increasingly important. The number of students in colleges and universities is growing, as well as number of universities and the education institutes are trying to be successful despite poor market conditions and get as many students as possible. Good marketing communications is a tool for universities to create a competitive advantage in the market and thus contributes to strengthening the financial situation of colleges and universities, regardless of its legal form. The thesis contains an analysis of the university market in the Czech Republic regarding the marketing point of view and type of financing particular universities. The thesis analyses the perception research of marketing communication performed by universities to appeal to their largest demographics high school students.