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Este trabalho tem o objetivo de estudar o movimento abolicionista de São Paulo pela perspectiva de duas lojas maçônicas existentes na cidade, Piratininga e América. Num universo de cinco lojas maçônicas existentes na cidade, optou-se por analisar as Lojas Piratininga e América em razão de ambas reunirem as principais lideranças abolicionistas da capital da província, Luiz Gama e Antonio Bento. Na primeira parte da pesquisa, investiga-se a atuação dessas lojas no movimento abolicionista, considerando que cada uma delas possuía diretrizes distintas sobre como deveriam proceder perante o tema do encaminhamento da extinção do trabalho escravo. Na segunda parte, com o intuito de compreender em que medida as narrativas maçônicas sobre a memória da abolição superestimaram a atuação perpetrada pela organização no processo abolicionista desencadeado entre as décadas de 1870 e 1880, é feita uma análise da literatura maçônica e de outros espaços que cumpriram o papel de consagrar a memória da abolição maçônica em São Paulo. Para o desenvolvimento do presente estudo tomou-se como referência os livros de atas produzidos entre os anos de 1850 e 1880, bem como documentos avulsos, cujos acervos encontram-se depositados nos arquivos particulares das referidas lojas. Embora os livros de atas correspondam à documentação principal da pesquisa, outras fontes maçônicas encontradas também em arquivos públicos como jornais, regulamentos e constituições foram incorporados ao estudo, assim como, jornais não maçônicos, de larga circulação na época, que oferecem dados sobre o cotidiano das atividades maçônicas. / This thesis aims to study the abolitionist movement in São Paulo through the perspective of two masonic lodges, Piratininga and America. In a political universe of five masonic lodges, we decided to analyze those lodges because they harbored the most prominent abolitionist leaders of the city, Luiz Gama and Antonio Bento. In the first part of this research, we will look at the performance of the masonic lodges, considering the fact that they had diferente guidelines for procedures regarding the end of slavery. In the second part, with the goal of understanding how the narratives of the masonic lodges about the memory of abolition overestimated their actions in the decades between 1870 e 1880, we will analyze the masonic literature and other institutions that played a major role in consecrating the memory of masonic abolition in São Paulo. This study is based on minute books written between 1850 and 1880 and others primary sources found in the archives of Masonic Lodges. Though the minute books is the main source of this research, we will analyze other public archives, newspapers, and documents that had a wide circulation and provide us with details of the daily procedures of Masonic lodges.

Esta tese tem como objetivo identificar as marcas da Maçonaria no campo educacional brasileiro, no período entre o final do século XIX e início do século XX, até 1930, bem como analisar o conceito maçônico de Ilustração, aplicado ao campo da educação, em contraposição à proposta pedagógica da Igreja Católica. Por meio de estudo da literatura nacional e internacional relativa ao tema, e de manuscritos e fontes impressas da Maçonaria, a saber, leitura das atas das sessões das Lojas Maçônicas e documentos oficiais de divulgação interna emitidos ao longo do período em questão, procedeu-se uma narrativa seqüencial das ações desenvolvidas pelos membros desta instituição, concernentes ao projeto de instaurar uma educação republicana, laica, mista e voltada para o trabalho. Os dados foram compilados e comparados demonstrando a contribuição dada por esta instituição na estruturação da rede escolar republicana do país. A partir da clarificação da trilha das ideias conformadoras do pensamento maçônico pelo mundo, até sua chegada ao Brasil, da análise das biografias de maçons dedicados ao campo educacional nacional, e, fundamentalmente, da descoberta e mapeamento de centenas de escolas criadas e administradas pela maçonaria no período da primeira república, se pode mensurar a atuação da Maçonaria na Educação. Portanto, a tese conclui que estas marcas maçônicas perduram até a contemporaneidade no sistema educacional brasileiro. Assim, espera-se que esta tese tenha contribuído para uma releitura historiográfica das relações entre Educação, Escola, Estado e Sociedade a partir da identificação das possíveis marcas legadas pela Maçonaria no campo da Educação no Brasil. / This thesis aims to identify the marks of Freemasonry in the Brazilian educational field, in the period between the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, until 1930, as well as analysing the Masonic concept of Enlightenment, applied to the field of education, as opposed to Catholic Church` pedagogical proposal. Through the study of national and international literature on the subject, and of manuscript and printed sources of Freemasonry, namely readings of the masonic lodges` sessions records and official documents of internal disclosure issued during the period in question, held up a narrative sequence of actions developed by the members of this institution, concerning the project of establishing an education republican, secular, mixed and directed to work. The data were compiled and compared demonstrating the contribution made by this institution in structuring the republican school network in the country. Based on the clarification of track of ideas conformator of masonic thought in the world, until their arrival in Brazil, analysing the biographies of masons dedicated to national educational field, and, fundamentally, the discovery and mapping of hundreds of schools created and managed by Freemasonry during the period of the first republic, the presence of the Freemasonry on education can be marked. Therefore, the thesis concludes that these marks masonic persist until the present educational system in Brazil. Thus, it is expected that this thesis has contributed to a historiographical re-reading of relations between Education, School, State and Society, from the identification of possible marks bequeathed by Freemasonry in the field of Education.

Esta tese tem como objetivo identificar as marcas da Maçonaria no campo educacional brasileiro, no período entre o final do século XIX e início do século XX, até 1930, bem como analisar o conceito maçônico de Ilustração, aplicado ao campo da educação, em contraposição à proposta pedagógica da Igreja Católica. Por meio de estudo da literatura nacional e internacional relativa ao tema, e de manuscritos e fontes impressas da Maçonaria, a saber, leitura das atas das sessões das Lojas Maçônicas e documentos oficiais de divulgação interna emitidos ao longo do período em questão, procedeu-se uma narrativa seqüencial das ações desenvolvidas pelos membros desta instituição, concernentes ao projeto de instaurar uma educação republicana, laica, mista e voltada para o trabalho. Os dados foram compilados e comparados demonstrando a contribuição dada por esta instituição na estruturação da rede escolar republicana do país. A partir da clarificação da trilha das ideias conformadoras do pensamento maçônico pelo mundo, até sua chegada ao Brasil, da análise das biografias de maçons dedicados ao campo educacional nacional, e, fundamentalmente, da descoberta e mapeamento de centenas de escolas criadas e administradas pela maçonaria no período da primeira república, se pode mensurar a atuação da Maçonaria na Educação. Portanto, a tese conclui que estas marcas maçônicas perduram até a contemporaneidade no sistema educacional brasileiro. Assim, espera-se que esta tese tenha contribuído para uma releitura historiográfica das relações entre Educação, Escola, Estado e Sociedade a partir da identificação das possíveis marcas legadas pela Maçonaria no campo da Educação no Brasil. / This thesis aims to identify the marks of Freemasonry in the Brazilian educational field, in the period between the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, until 1930, as well as analysing the Masonic concept of Enlightenment, applied to the field of education, as opposed to Catholic Church` pedagogical proposal. Through the study of national and international literature on the subject, and of manuscript and printed sources of Freemasonry, namely readings of the masonic lodges` sessions records and official documents of internal disclosure issued during the period in question, held up a narrative sequence of actions developed by the members of this institution, concerning the project of establishing an education republican, secular, mixed and directed to work. The data were compiled and compared demonstrating the contribution made by this institution in structuring the republican school network in the country. Based on the clarification of track of ideas conformator of masonic thought in the world, until their arrival in Brazil, analysing the biographies of masons dedicated to national educational field, and, fundamentally, the discovery and mapping of hundreds of schools created and managed by Freemasonry during the period of the first republic, the presence of the Freemasonry on education can be marked. Therefore, the thesis concludes that these marks masonic persist until the present educational system in Brazil. Thus, it is expected that this thesis has contributed to a historiographical re-reading of relations between Education, School, State and Society, from the identification of possible marks bequeathed by Freemasonry in the field of Education.

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de estudar o movimento abolicionista de São Paulo pela perspectiva de duas lojas maçônicas existentes na cidade, Piratininga e América. Num universo de cinco lojas maçônicas existentes na cidade, optou-se por analisar as Lojas Piratininga e América em razão de ambas reunirem as principais lideranças abolicionistas da capital da província, Luiz Gama e Antonio Bento. Na primeira parte da pesquisa, investiga-se a atuação dessas lojas no movimento abolicionista, considerando que cada uma delas possuía diretrizes distintas sobre como deveriam proceder perante o tema do encaminhamento da extinção do trabalho escravo. Na segunda parte, com o intuito de compreender em que medida as narrativas maçônicas sobre a memória da abolição superestimaram a atuação perpetrada pela organização no processo abolicionista desencadeado entre as décadas de 1870 e 1880, é feita uma análise da literatura maçônica e de outros espaços que cumpriram o papel de consagrar a memória da abolição maçônica em São Paulo. Para o desenvolvimento do presente estudo tomou-se como referência os livros de atas produzidos entre os anos de 1850 e 1880, bem como documentos avulsos, cujos acervos encontram-se depositados nos arquivos particulares das referidas lojas. Embora os livros de atas correspondam à documentação principal da pesquisa, outras fontes maçônicas encontradas também em arquivos públicos como jornais, regulamentos e constituições foram incorporados ao estudo, assim como, jornais não maçônicos, de larga circulação na época, que oferecem dados sobre o cotidiano das atividades maçônicas. / This thesis aims to study the abolitionist movement in São Paulo through the perspective of two masonic lodges, Piratininga and America. In a political universe of five masonic lodges, we decided to analyze those lodges because they harbored the most prominent abolitionist leaders of the city, Luiz Gama and Antonio Bento. In the first part of this research, we will look at the performance of the masonic lodges, considering the fact that they had diferente guidelines for procedures regarding the end of slavery. In the second part, with the goal of understanding how the narratives of the masonic lodges about the memory of abolition overestimated their actions in the decades between 1870 e 1880, we will analyze the masonic literature and other institutions that played a major role in consecrating the memory of masonic abolition in São Paulo. This study is based on minute books written between 1850 and 1880 and others primary sources found in the archives of Masonic Lodges. Though the minute books is the main source of this research, we will analyze other public archives, newspapers, and documents that had a wide circulation and provide us with details of the daily procedures of Masonic lodges.

L’architecture des temples maçonniques constitue un patrimoine vivant, mais peu étudié, notamment dans le cadre de la recherche universitaire. Elle présente pourtant un double intérêt. En tant qu’objet d’étude, tout d’abord, elle offre des caractéristiques formelles, spatiales et stylistiques suffisamment marquantes pour qu’on puisse souhaiter en faire la description, en cherchant à la fois à en définir les limites et les invariants, et aussi à en cerner les différentes variations au travers de tropismes liés à l’histoire, la géographie ou la culture dans laquelle elle se développe. Cette architecture présente également un intérêt en tant que sujet de recherche : elle est strictement dictée par des rituels précis qui en définissent à la fois la forme, l’organisation et l’usage. De ce point de vue, cette étude permet tout d’abord de revisiter les notions de type et de modèle, telles qu’elles avaient été définies dans le cadre de l’analyse typo-morphologique développée par la critique italienne dans les années 1970. Elle permet ensuite d’établir un lien entre l’usage, ici codifié par le rituel, et la forme architecturale, et de proposer l’esquisse d’une théorie de la concrétion, dans laquelle la forme de l’espace architectural serait comprise comme le résultat d’une pratique ritualisée de l’espace. La thèse se développe en trois parties. La première partie, qui s’ouvre sur un état de l’art, est consacrée à l’approche méthodologique et aux développements de la recherche, grâce notamment aux moyens liés aux technologies numériques et à l’informatique, qui ont permis l’élaboration du corpus de la recherche. La seconde partie est consacrée à l’analyse de ce corpus, qui s’appuie sur la dimension sociale, symbolique et architecturale du temple maçonnique. Enfin, la troisième partie propose un extrait du catalogue raisonné du corpus. Cet extrait recouvre l’Europe et l’Amérique du Nord. / The architecture of the Masonic temples is a living heritage, but little studied, particularly in the context of academic research. Yet it has two advantages. As an object of study, first of all, it offers formal, spatial and sufficiently significant stylistic characteristics that we may wish to describe, seeking both to define the limits and invariants and also to identify different variations across tropisms related to history, geography or the culture in which it develops. This architecture offers also an interest as a subject of research: it is strictlydictated by specific rituals that define both form, organization and use. From this perspective, this study provides first revisit the concepts of type and model, as they were defined within the framework of the typo-morphological analysis developed by the Italian criticism in the 1970s. It establishes also a link between the use, here codifiedrituals, and architectural form, and suggest the outlines of a theory of concretion, within the form of architectural spaces would be understood as the result of ritualized practices of space. The thesis is developed in three parts. The first part, which opens a state ofknowledge, is devoted to the methodological approach and research developments, thanks to the means of digital technology and computers, which enabled the developmentof the corpus of research. The second part is devoted to the analysis of this corpus, based on the social, architectural and symbolic aspects of the Masonic Temple. The third part provides an extract of the of the corpus. This excerpt covers Europe and North America.

La franc-maçonnerie spéculative s’est répandue en Europe de l’ouest durant tout leXVIIIe. Bien que les Constitutions d’Anderson interdisent catégoriquement l’admission des femmes dans les loges maçonniques, il s’avère que des femmes furent initiées en France et en Allemagne. La présente étude part du constat que nous sommes confrontés à un double phénomène en ce qui concerne la franc-maçonnerie et les femmes. D’un côté leur exclusion formelle des loges instituées pour les hommes dotées de règlements délivrés par leurs obédiences respectives. D’un autre côté l’existence prouvée de l’initiation des femmes dans des loges maçonniques. L’organisation de ces loges nous renvoie immédiatement à d’autres constats. Plusieurs questions se posent d’emblée. Quelles sont les raisons précises de cette exclusion et d’où tirent-elles leur origine? La définition de la femme fut-elle la même dans les sociétés anglaise, française et allemandes du XVIIIe siècle ? Si l’on parvient à identifier les causes, pourrons nous établir si elles sont intrinsèques à la franc-maçonnerie ou plutôt liées à la délimitation entre sphère publique et privée ? Enfin comment expliquer dès lors que cette exclusion ait pu être dépassée et contournée et qu’un modèle d’intégration des femmes ait pu être inventé? Dans une première partie la recherche repose sur les mentalités existantes dans les trois pays au vu des paroles des francs-maçons au sujet des femmes. Dans la deuxième partie sont analysés avec détail les arguments qui ont justifié l’exclusion des femmes de la franc-maçonnerie. La troisième partie est accordée aux loges féminines. Une attention particulière est apportée aux discours prononcés dans les loges féminines ainsi qu’aux différents rituels utilisés. Les sources à l’appui sont principalement des sources primaires, tels que des ouvrages du XVIIIe siècle, les articles de presse, mais aussi les chansons et les poèmes. / Freemasonry spread throughout Europe in the eighteenth century. Although the Constitutions of Anderson barred women from membership right from the beginning, women were initiated in France and Germany. The present research starts from the observation that we are confronted to a double phenomenon. On the one hand the formal exclusion from male lodges according to the regulations of the Grand Lodges. On the other hand the proved existence of the initiation of women in masonic lodges. The organization of these lodges suggests other remarks and several issues have arisen. What are the precise reasons of this exclusion and what are its origins? Are women defined in the same way in England, France and Germany? If we can identify the reasons of this exclusion, are they intrinsic to freemasonry itself or rather linked to the definition of the public and private spheres? How can we explain that these rules of exclusion could be overcome and that a model of integration be invented? In the first part of this study the research is based on the mentalities existing in the three different societies with regard to the freemasons’ opinions on women. The second part is analysing the arguments brought forward to justify women’s exclusion from freemasonry. The third part deals with women's lodges and particular attention is given to the speeches delivered in these lodges as well as to the rituals in use. The documentation consists mostly in primary sources, such as books published in the eighteenth century, press articles, but also masonic songs and poems.

Modern freemasonry emerged in Britain during the eighteenth century, combining earlier stonemason customs and methods of organization with the popular passion for clubs and societies. Although by no means unique in its ideology and constitution, freemasonry established itself after 1700 as a prominent fixture in both British communal and social life. Some mocked masonic lodges and their rituals, but they were an accepted feature on the social scene and, given that they avoided political and religious discussion and swore loyalty to the existing regime, their position was largely uncontroversial. The French Revolution, however, caused a severe backlash against the masons in Britain and Europe. During the 1790s, masonic lodges which were once viewed simply as charitable and convivial organizations were now seen as convenient vehicles for allowing radical groups to pursue covert revolutionary activities. As a result, legislation was passed which attempted to regulate these societies and eradicate any traces of secrecy. Despite its commitment to the establishment, freemasonry came under suspicion. This thesis examines the structure, nature, and characteristics of Scottish freemasonry in its wider British and European contexts between the years 1725 and 1810. As we shall see, masonic lodges and their members changed and adapted as these contexts evolved. The Enlightenment effectively crafted the modern mason and propelled freemasonry into a new era marked by increasing membership and the creation of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, with the institution becoming part of the contemporary fashion for associated activity.

Submitted by Kennyo Ismail (kennyoismail@hotmail.com) on 2013-10-15T18:00:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO-KENNYO-ISMAIL.pdf: 1084218 bytes, checksum: f4be9fd701539997561f79cd995c7eed (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2013-10-17T13:28:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO-KENNYO-ISMAIL.pdf: 1084218 bytes, checksum: f4be9fd701539997561f79cd995c7eed (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-10-21T17:45:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO-KENNYO-ISMAIL.pdf: 1084218 bytes, checksum: f4be9fd701539997561f79cd995c7eed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-21T17:45:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO-KENNYO-ISMAIL.pdf: 1084218 bytes, checksum: f4be9fd701539997561f79cd995c7eed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-26 / There are many freemasons who have distinguished themselves as leaders in different times and in different sectors of society. Given that the masonic experience and training is a common characteristic among these leaders, the understanding of the relationship between Freemasonry and the leadership and the measurement of the influence of masonic leaders over their teams, who can also be leaders in their work and social activities, becomes of great relevance to manag ement science and society in general. Based on the theories of social learning, social exchange and social identity, and on the premise of ethical leadership, referenced by masonic literature, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of ethical lea dership in moral identity and identification with the organization, as well as the consequences of its member's behaviors inside and outside the masonic organization. Altogether, thirteen hypotheses were formulated, originating two research models that wer e tested empirically through a quantitative study with 1571 freemasons of all Federal Units of Brazil. The discussion was enriched by the content analysis of an open question answered by 933 participants. The results indicate a positive influence of the e thical leadership on the mason's symbolized and internalized moral identity, on their prosocial behavior, their identification with the Blue Lodge, their satisfaction with life and with their group conscietiousness and voice. Finally, the theoretical and p ractical implications of the results are discussed and suggestions for further researchs are presented. / Muitos são os maçons que se destacaram como líderes nas mais diferentes épocas e nos mais diversos setores da sociedade. Tendo a experiência e formação maçônica como característica comum entre tais líderes, a compreensão da relação entre a Maçonaria e a liderança e a mensuração da influência dos líderes maçônicos sobre seus liderados, os quais podem também serem líderes em suas atividades sociais e profissionais, tornam-se de grande relevância para a ciência da administração e a sociedade, de uma forma geral. Tomando por base as teorias de aprendizagem social, de troca social e de identidade social, e partindo da premissa da liderança ética, referenciada pela literatura maçônica, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto da liderança ética na identidade moral e na identificação com a organização, considerando ainda as respectivas consequências nos comportamentos dos liderados dentro e fora da organização maçônica. Ao todo, 13 hipóteses foram formuladas, gerando dois modelos de pesquisa que foram testados empiricamente por meio de estudo quantitativo realizado com 1571 maçons de todas as Unidades Federativas do Brasil. A discussão dos resultados foi enriquecida com a análise de conteúdo de uma questão aberta presente no questionário, respondida por 933 participantes. Os resultados indicam uma influência positiva da liderança ética sobre a identidade moral simbolizada e internalizada dos maçons, sobre seu comportamento prósocial, sua identificação com a Loja Maçônica, sua satisfação com a vida e com a consciência e voz de grupo. Por fim, as implicações teóricas e práticas dos resultados obtidos são discutidas e sugestões para futuras pesquisas são apresentadas.

Cette thèse étudiera la franc-maçonnerie de traditions européennes qui se transforma au cœur des périodes colonisatrices française et britannique de 1778 à 1915. Les loges du Grand Orient de France qui s’implantèrent, sous la colonisation française de l’Isle de France, à la fin du XVIIIe siècle furent des pionnières de la maçonnerie dans un pays qui vécut, simultanément, une nouvelle période de colonisation britannique, à partir de 1810, et des changements drastiques aux niveaux démographique, socio-économique, ethnique et politique. Le fait maçonnique ne put que changer intrinsèquement dans le contexte insulaire multiculturel alors que la colonie, n’ayant pas de peuples autochtones, devint le terreau d’une multitude de traditions européennes, africaines et asiatiques. La maçonnerie locale acquit, grâce aux échanges entre les loges françaises et les nouvelles obédiences qui s’implantèrent (la Grande Loge Unie d’Angleterre, la Grande Loge d’Ecosse, la Grande Loge d’Irlande et le Suprême Conseil de France), une identité insulaire et mauricienne. Cette thèse montrera comment l’institution maçonnique mit en exergue la possibilité de construire une cohésion et un espace de partage à certains moments-clés de l’histoire du pays. Cependant, les loges françaises et britanniques eurent à faire face aux grands défis socio-politiques, économiques et religieux du XIXe siècle et du début du XXe siècle. En effet, les maçons furent aussi en proie aux divisions et conflits liés au multiculturalisme et à la pluriethnicité de la société coloniale. Cette thèse démontrera, en l’occurrence, comment la franc-maçonnerie de plusieurs obédiences développa des fonctionnements et des traditions influencés par le contexte et put maintenir un œcuménisme malgré les difficultés. Pourtant, la fin du XXe siècle entraîna les loges dans des divergences religieuses, idéologiques et institutionnelles et certains éléments, qui firent du laboratoire maçonnique mauricien un exemple des valeurs universelles et de la fraternité internationale, devinrent les sources mêmes de divisions. / This thesis will study freemasonry coming from European cultures which was transformed in the midst of French and British colonising periods from 1778 to 1915. The Grand Orient de France lodges, which settled under the French colonising regime of Isle de France at the end of the 18th century, introduced freemasonry in a country which underwent, simultaneously, a new British colonising era, as from 1810, and deep changes on the demographic, socio-economic, ethnic and political levels. Freemasonry could not but profoundly change in this insular multicultural context as the colony, which did not have any indigenous population, became the melting pot of various European, African and Asian traditions. Local freemasonry acquired, owing to the relations of the French lodges with the different lodges which were created (of the United Grand Lodge of England, the Grand Lodge of Scotland, the Grand Lodge of Ireland and the Suprême Conseil de France), an insular and Mauritian identity. This thesis will show how the Craft enabled cohesion and provided a place for sharing at some milestones in the history of the country. However, the French and British lodges had to face the grand socio-political, economic and religious challenges of the 19th century. In fact, the freemasons had also to experience the divisions and conflicts induced by the multicultural and multi-ethnic colonial society. Therefore, this thesis will to show how freemasonry from different grand lodges developed practices and traditions influenced by the context and were able to uphold ecumenism in spite of the obstacles. However, the lodges got caught into religious, ideological and institutional conflicts at the end of the 19th century and some components, which made of the Mauritian masonic laboratory an example of universal values and international fraternalism, eroded.