Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T17:57:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_antonio_augusto.pdf: 1736392 bytes, checksum: d0a593485519f7c6a73b360d48dd1794 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In Brazil, one can find thousands of four storey masonry buildings made with clay units. Some of these building collapsed causing human deaths. After these accidents, several restrictions were imposed for the use of this building technique and now one can not use non-structural bricks in such buildings. Moreover, there are a large number of existing buildings that demand retrofit works to ensure adequate security to the owners. The present work resulted from an experimental program that studied the behavior of prisms made with two and three clay bricks with and without the addition of reinforced mortar. Additionally, it was also considered the link between the layers of the reinforced mortar through the installation of steel connectors. The prisms were subjected to compressive loading and their strains were measured on each side of the specimen using a displacement measure device. The tests were performed in a servo-controlled machine in order to obtain information about the behavior of the prisms before and after the peak load. The results were compared with a previous study in the same load conditions using the same bricks and mortar in small walls specimens which showed a good correlation / No Nordeste do Brasil, podem-se encontrar milhares de construções em alvenaria de quatro andares feitas com blocos cerâmicos de vedação com finalidade estrutural em construções residenciais multifamiliares de alvenaria, e, nos últimos anos, algumas ruíram causando mortes. Depois destes acidentes, várias restrições foram impostas para o uso desta técnica construtiva e hoje não se pode utilizar este tipo de bloco em paredes estruturais em vários estados do Nordeste do Brasil. Por outro lado, há um grande número de construções existentes que demandam trabalhos de recuperação para garantir adequadas condições de segurança aos habitantes. A presente dissertação resultou de um programa experimental de ensaios em prismas de dois e três blocos cerâmicos de vedação com e sem a adição de revestimento de argamassa resistente, totalizando 195 prismas. Adicionalmente, foi também considerada a ligação entre as capas de revestimento de argamassa reforçada através da instalação de conectores de aço. Os prismas foram submetidos a carregamento compressivo e todos eles tiveram o controle de deformação em cada face com um deflectômetro. Os ensaios foram realizados em máquinas servo-controladas de forma que se obteve informações a cerca do comportamento dos prismas. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com uma pesquisa anterior realizada nas mesmas condições de carga com a utilização dos mesmos blocos e argamassas de revestimento realizadas em paredinhas. Os resultados indicam um incremento tanto na capacidade de carga compressiva dos prismas com revestimento quanto nos que utilizam revestimentos à base de argamassa armada, não obedecendo às especificações de argamassa armada estrutural convencional. As relações de carga de prismas/paredinha e prismas de dois blocos/prismas de três blocos foram satisfatórias

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T17:57:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ariosvaldo_gomes_ribeiro.pdf: 6140655 bytes, checksum: 5dfc460556eacc169ff55922d729db79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-12 / The work discusses about the effects of soluble salts action on ceramic brick masonry walls in Petrolina-PE. To understand this phenomenon a mapping of pathologies on walls related with soluble salt action was performed and monitoring wells were installed to capture groundwater in five places on the city where the phenomenon occurs more frequently. Samples of soils and groundwater as well as samples of ceramic bricks and level of chloride in the atmosphere were collected and analyzed in laboratory to assess their properties. Obtained results showed pathological manifestations observed on ceramic bricks walls in building localized on the areas studied are strongly influenced by the high content of soluble salts found in samples of soils and groundwater in the city and not by the content of chloride in the atmosphere. / Este trabalho discute o fenômeno da ação de sais minerais solúveis em alvenarias de tijolos cerâmicos no município de Petrolina-PE. Para o entendimento deste fenômeno foi realizado um mapeamento das patologias oriundas da ação de sais minerais solúveis existentes em Petrolina e instalados poços de monitoramento da água subterrânea em cinco pontos considerados de maior ocorrência do fenômeno. Amostras de solo, da água subterrânea, de tijolos afetados pelo fenômeno e do nível de cloreto na atmosfera destas localidades foram coletadas e analisadas em laboratório para caracterização de suas propriedades. Os resultados obtidos indicam que as manifestações patológicas existentes nas paredes de alvenaria de blocos cerâmicos das edificações localizadas nas áreas em estudo são influenciadas pelo elevado conteúdo de sais solúveis observado nas amostras de solo e águas subterrâneas coletadas, não sendo verificada qualquer influência dos cloretos existentes na atmosfera.

[pt] Nesta dissertação estuda-se o sistema construtivo em alvenaria estrutural na cidade do Rio de Janeiro face aos conceitos de construção sustentável. Avalia-se esse método construtivo em seus detalhes de execução, materiais utilizados e outros benefícios na obra como redução de resíduos e ganhos em prazo de construção. Também são analisados impactos qualitativos no produto e os aspectos sociais e culturais devido as limitações técnicas do sistema bem como as legislações que têm influência. Levando-se em consideração as necessidades atuais do mercado imobiliário na busca por processos sustentáveis, foram analisadas as principais certificações. Tem-se como principal conclusão que nem sempre o processo atenderá de forma completa as necessidades de determinado empreendimento em função de algumas limitações técnicas. Do ponto de vista da sustentabilidade, o processo apresenta qualidades devido à modulação do sistema que gera menos desperdícios, porém, pode limitar a concepção de um produto diversificado e mais confortável através de soluções diferenciadas de planta e fachada, por exemplo. Mesmo que as construtoras tenham tentado utilizar o sistema em padrões médios de empreendimento, com preços de venda que giram em torno de 7.000 a 8.000 reais por metro quadrado, a solução não teve boa aceitação tanto pelos construtores como pelos clientes, e nota-se que o mesmo é utilizado em larga escala para empreendimentos de padrões populares. / [en] In this thesis the use of structural masonry constructive system is investigated in light of the concepts of sustainable construction in the city of Rio de Janeiro. This study is based on the evolution and growing importance of the construction sector within Brazilian economy, and the current trend in the construction market in the search for processes that minimize impacts on the environment with rational use of natural resources. The earliest records of civil construction activity in the city of Rio de Janeiro date from the colonial period, at a time which those activities were unregulated. In 1810 King João VI established the engineering school. The period between the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century was a time of intense economic transformation with the decay of the coffee plantations and the beginning of the industrial development. In 1940 there was a breakthrough in civil construction in Brazil, when the sector was considered one of the most advanced of its time. In 1971 there was great progress in the sector of construction in Rio de Janeiro with the creation of BNH, Banco Nacional da Habitação, and the Law of the Real Estate Development (Lei das Incorporações). The 90s were marked by the improvement of the qualification of the workforce, resulting in better products. The 2000s were distinguished by the boom in housing construction in the west zone and the expansion of large construction companies landbanks. In 2008 the growth was toward the north zone, however, by the end of that year, with the peak of the global crisis known as Subprime, the sector started suffering from a poor performance cycle until in the first half of 2009. The government program called Minha Casa Minha Vida was launched providing a better environment, with the incentive to produce one million new housing units. By the second half of 2009 the construction market was fully recovered. Many companies created new brands or subsidiaries to focus their business in this new market niche, and the use of large-scale structural masonry was considered the most suitable technology to be used in this type of construction. In 2011, the sector continued to grow driven by the demand fostered by the Olympic Games and the approval of new urban zoning laws. In this study the major projects launched in the city of Rio de Janeiro between 2005 and 2012 were mapped as well as the number of constructions that adopted structural masonry during this period. Impacts of civil construction on the environment range from the generation of raw material to the end of the useful life of products built. As a consequence of the growth experienced by the civil construction sector and its great economic impact, principles of sustainability standards and certifications arouse aiming the achievement of sustainable development in the entire production chain. Over the years, several international events debated on sustainability. In 1713 Carl Von Carlowitz published the first treaty on sustainable use of forest resources. In 1976 the first world conference on housing and environment was held in Canada. The system in structural masonry is ancient and its use dates back to early human activity process. Around 4000 years before Christ structures were employed for varied purposes and materials were usually blocks of clay and stone. In the seventeenth century the system becomes a construction technology based on principles of static. Element resistance tests begun to be performed in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The projects were based on limited empirical calculation methods, resulting in very thick walls and slow production speed. In the 50 s there was a revival of interest in structural masonry driven by the shortage of building materials in Europe, such as steel. The use of structural masonry in Brazil began in the sixteenth century, during the colonial period; yet, the process was not rationalized. By the 70s, the structural masonry was considered engineering technology in Brazil and projects started to be based on scientifically validated principles. With this evolution, it became more efficient and an economical alternative, although still somewhat precarious. Structural masonry achieved its consolidation with official norms in the 80s. Ancient definitions considered that the buildings should be formed of natural or artificial stones linked together in a stable manner by the combination of joints and mortar (or only by one of the two), capable of resisting only to compressive stresses. Currently, buildings in structural masonry are formed by industrial blocks (ceramic or concrete) designed and sized by calculation procedures to support loads beyond their own weight and resist compression. They are linked together by the interposition of mortar and can contain rebar in concrete or mortar in horizontal and / or vertical plane. They are classified as armed, unarmed, partially armed or pre-stressed. The structural masonry consists of four main components. The units are the basic components that define the resistance characteristics. Units can be concrete, ceramic or sand-lime blocks, solid or hollow. The mortar is a mixture of sand, cement, lime and water responsible for laying and unifying the units. It transmits and uniforms the stresses throughout the blocks, seal out water and wind and even out small deformations. Rebars are steel bars surrounded by grout that make all components of the masonry work together. The grout is a very fluid micro concrete with aggregates and it is responsible for the union of blocks with rebars within its hollows. The rationalization of structural masonry brings results by improving productivity and quality, with consequent increased value added. It also incentives increase in productivity and cost reduction in the supply chain, while meeting construction standards. As a result, the final consumer can buy at a lower price. Modulation was already used by the Greeks, Romans and Japanese. It represented to them, respectively, aesthetic, functional and aesthetic and functional character. At present time, for the modulation process to be harmonized, it is needed to update the standard as to the sizing of the blocks. The incompatibility between the dimensions of the components of the building often results in large thicknesses dimensional settings and designs solutions that do not properly address these adjustments, which end up being performed impromptu in the work site. The advantages of modulation are: simplification in project design, standardization of building components, optimization of the dimensions with reduction of different shapes, less interface problems between components and subsystems, standardization of detail and dimensional accuracy, rationalization and simplification in the execution of the work due to ease of assembly, reduction of material breaks, thus avoiding losses in construction. The disadvantages are: the need to have standardized components without dimensional and qualitative variation in the market, and need for investment in preparation and training of manpower. The definition of the system to be used by the constructor occurs in the study phase. It is usually observed: the type and purpose of the project, the maximum number of floors, the ceiling heights between slabs, the size of compartments and wall allocation, the eventual need for sheltered parking and its mixed solution analysis, the size of balconies, the need for flexibility of plans, if penthouses should have swimming pool, the dimensioning of the common areas. In the cases where the product can fit in structural masonry guidelines, this has been the preferred construction system. The project in structural masonry should consider the coordination between the various project disciplines with the integration between the design teams. Schedule of the project design should be prepared with the correct interaction of reconciliations. The design should be standardized and simplify the solutions and should provide full details of projects to avoid doubts and execution errors during construction. Wall rebar can be done directly with interlocking blocks, requiring interposition between blocks of 50 per cent in intercepted wall. It also can be done by placing the rebar in mortar joints with 90 angle, as well as through folded steel bars, industrialized trusses or staples, steel decks or similar materials of proven resistance. Electrical installation must be standardized in the predefined rows heights. The hydraulic and gas installations must be apparent and not embedded in order not to interfere in modulations. The project modulated masonry must have solutions that minimize the need for adjustments or additional elements while helping reconcile the different project disciplines. This constructive method is examined regarding its execution details, increase in production and other benefits to the construction itself. Furthermore, qualitative impacts on the product and the social and cultural aspects due to the system s technical limitations and the applicable laws and regulations are analyzed. The main certifications like AQUA, LEED, PROCEL EDIFICA, CASA AZUL, SANTANDER OBRA SUSTENTÁVEL and QUALIVERDE were analyzed in view of the current necessity of the real estate market to seek for more sustainable construction processes. It was analyzed the positive and negative aspects, as well as possible limitations of structural masonry for obtaining the building approvals. Two recently launched projects in structural masonry were analyzed. Through case studies one can compare them to competing projects built in conventional reinforced concrete structure and it is possible to understand the main differences between the products. The projects were also evaluated for the possibility of obtaining green building certification. AQUA was chosen as the reference certification. It provided the features used in the comparative between the different systems. To meet all categories of the certification, some aspects of the project might need to be adjusted, such as layout, wall thickness and span dimension. The main conclusion is that structural masonry will not always completely fulfill the needs of various projects because of certain technical limitations. Taking sustainability into account, structural masonry has a number of benefits beginning with the modulation of the process which generates less waste. However, it can limit the design of more comfortable and sophisticated products, for example with differentiated solutions for layout and façades. Even considering that some companies have used structural masonry in the construction of buildings for the middle class, with selling prices around BRL 7,000 to BRL 8,000 per square meter, this solution was not well accepted either by the contractors or those clients, whereas it is largely used in lower class constructions.

This study focuses on non-ductile reinforced concrete (RC) frames built outside current practices. These structures are quite vulnerable to collapse during earthquakes. One option to retrofit buildings with poorly detailed RC columns is to construct full-height masonry infill walls to provide additional means to resist loads caused by gravity and increase lateral stiffness resulting in a reduction in drift demand. On the other hand, infill can cause reductions in drift capacity that offset the benefits of reductions in drift demand. Given these two opposing effects, this investigation addresses the following question: are poorly detailed RC frames with masonry infill walls any safer than similar RC frames without infill walls?

The aim of this diploma thesis is a design of a horse riding centre. The horse riding centre is situated on the outskirts of the village of Střítež nad Bečvou in the Vsetín district. Within the horse riding centre, there are a main building a swell as horse stables with other equestrian facilities for riders and a riding hall. The main centre building has two above-ground floors. On the ground floor, there is a restaurant and a reception hall. On the first floor, there is a guest house providing rooms with ten beds in total. The main building also includes a private residence for the centre owner. The stables provide fourteen boxes for horses to be stabled. The horse riding centre is designed to play a role of a new tourist attraction in the region. The diploma thesis deals with the main building design. The building is supposed to be bricked with ceramic blocks and roofed with a gable roof but partly also with a flat roof. The thesis also looks into two special features – the design of health-technical installation, gas and water plumbing. Last but not least, it designs a steel roof truss.

The subject of this diploma thesis is the design and development of project documentation for the construction of a new building of the multifunctional house Domamyslice. The object will be located in the city of Prostějov in part Domamyslice. The new building will be divided into three separate functional units – restaurant with pizzeria, offices and residential area. It is a four-storey, partially basement multifunctional house with a flat roof based on concrete foundation strips. The structural system is designed in a wall of the ceramic blocks with ceramic ceilings. The windows will be plastic with viewing aluminium profiles. The new building has 40 parking places on the investor’s land. The diploma thesis is processed with the valid standards, laws and decrees of the Czech Republic in the current version.

The diploma thesis deals with a work out project documentation of multifunctional building. The new building is located in the cadastral area of Moravské Budějovice. The object will have two uses. The first part of the building will be used as flats and the second part will be used as office space for design company with facilities. There are three floors in the residental part where seven flats are proposed (4x 3+1, 2x 2+kk and a barrier free flat 2+1). The other part of the object has two floors with offices. Their area is about 260 m2. There are 23 parking lots for cars in the building. The roof is designed as a vegetation flat roof. The object is based on concrete foundation strips. The vertical load-bearing constructions are made of ceramics bricks, the ceillings and stairs are made of reinforced concrete.

The diploma thesis deals with the project of the sports center with restaurant in the town of Semily. The designed object is located near to the town center in sports area. The surrouding terrain is flat. The building consist of four interconnected parts (including the basement) with the flat roof. The object is divided to three main part. Every single floor is rectangular shape, but different dimension. In basement is technical and storage room. In ground floor is a restaurant with support areas and bowling lanes. Upper floor is used like loocker room and washroom and in the top floor are excercise halls. Groung floor is accessible from south where is situated terrace, is passage through direct to newly built outdoor swiming pool. The part of diploma thesis is urban study of town Semily.

it is a newly built sacral building. The object is projected for a protestant church. The object lies in a town Kutná Hora, on a slightly sloping ground. The object is designed as free-standing building. There is a main gathering space on the first floor and other rooms for the social church life. There are three small apartments and the pastors apartment on the second and third floor. The ground-plan is L-shaped. The object has three sections. The first section is the tower, the second sections contains the gathering space which is orientated to the east and the third section contains apartments and remaining spaces, the main dominant of this section is the indoor built-on gallery. The object is covered with a flat roof. The building is designed from the brick construction systém of BS Klatovy company (concrete fittings)

Diploma thesis deals with project documentation for construction of the facility. Specifically, it is a hotel on the street Hlinky in Brno. Hotel capacity is 58 beds and 60 seated restaurant. The building will have one floor underground and five floors above ground. The building will have a bearing structure of reinforced concrete monolithic skeleton, accompanied by reinforcing monolithic wall. External walls will be created by filling the porous masonry blocks. Horizontal framework will be created locally supported monolithic reinforced concrete slabs. The roof of the hotel is flat. In 4th and 5th floor are created terraces.