An External Loop Airlift Bioreactor with a small amount (99% porosity) of stainless steel mesh packing inserted in the riser section was used for bioremediation of a phenol polluted air stream. The packing enhanced VOC and oxygen mass transfer rates and provided a large surface area for cell immobilization. Using a pure strain of Pseudomonas putida, fed-batch and continuous runs at three different dilution rates were completed with phenol in the polluted air as the only source of growth substrate. 100% phenol removal was achieved at phenol loading rates up to 33120 mg/h.m3 using only one third of the column, superior to any previously reported biodegradation rates of phenol polluted air with 100% efficiency. A mathematical model has been developed and is shown to accurately predict the transient and steady state data.

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An experimental investigation of heat and mass transfer in a horizontal tube falling-film ammonia-water absorber was conducted. A tube bank consisting of four columns of six 9.5 mm (3/8 ) nominal OD, 0.292 m (11.5 ) long tubes was installed in an absorber shell that allowed heat and mass transfer measurements and optical access. A test facility consisting of all the components of a functional absorption chiller was fabricated specifically for this investigation. Several variations of the basic system set up were fabricated to enable testing over the wide range of conditions (nominally, desorber solution outlet concentrations of 5 - 40% for three nominal absorber pressures of 150, 345 and 500 kPa, over solution flow rates of 0.019 0.034 kg/s.) Measurements at the absorber were used to determine heat transfer rates, overall thermal conductances, solution-side heat and vapor-side mass transfer coefficients for each test condition. For the range of experiments conducted, the solution heat transfer coefficient varied from 923 to 2857 W/m2-K while the vapor mass transfer coefficient varied from 0.0026 to 0.25 m/s and the liquid mass transfer coefficient varied from 5.51×10-6 to 3.31×10-5 m/s depending on the test condition. The solution heat transfer coefficient increased with increasing solution flow rate; however, the vapor and liquid mass transfer coefficients seem to remain unaffected with the variations in solution flow rate and were found to be primarily determined by the vapor and solution properties. The experimental heat and mass transfer coefficients were compared with the relevant studies from the literature. Based on the observed trends, heat transfer correlations and mass transfer correlations in the vapor and liquid phases were developed to predict heat and mass transfer coefficients for the range of experimental conditions tested. These correlations can be used to design horizontal tube falling-film absorbers for ammonia-water absorption systems.

This thesis is aimed to study the heat and mass transfer performance of a generator for the absorption cooling system. Both aqueous lithium bromide (LiBr) and lithium chloride (LiCl) solutions are studied. The generator inlet concentration and outlet concentration are set to 55% and 60%, respectively, for aqueous lithium bromide solution, and 40% and 45%, respectively, for aqueous lithium chloride solution. Therefore, the system of falling film desorption process is studied for the simulation of the generator. A finite-difference method is applied to numerically simulate the heat and mass transfer for a falling film desorption process in the generator. Parameters effects the inlet temperature, the heat source (wall) temperature, and the vapor pressure consistent with the saturation pressure of the condenser, and the solution flow rate are studied. The results of the present study provide important design references for absorption cooling systems.

The first study researched turbulent forced convective heat (mass) transfer down- stream of blockages with round and elongated holes in a rectangular channel. The blockages and the channel had the same cross section, and a distance equal to twice the channel height separated consecutive blockages. Naphthalene sublimation experiments were conducted with four hole aspect ratios (hole-width-to-height ratios) and two hole-to-blockage area ratios (ratios of total hole cross-sectional area to blockage area). The effects of the hole aspect ratio, for each hole-to-blockage area ratio, on the local heat (mass) transfer distribution on the exposed primary channel wall between consecutive blockages were examined. Results showed that the blockages with holes enhanced the average heat (mass) transfer by up to 8.5 and 7.0 times that for fully developed turbulent flow through a smooth channel at the same mass flow rate, respectively, in the smaller and larger hole-to-blockage area ratio (or smaller and larger hole diameter) cases. The elongated holes caused a higher average heat (mass) transfer and a larger spanwise variation of the local heat (mass) transfer on the channel wall than did the round holes. The second study explored the heat transfer enhancement for pool boiling on nano-structured surfaces. Experiments were conducted with three horizontal silicon surfaces, two of which were coated with vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with heights of 9 and 25 ¹m, respectively, and diameters between 8 and 15 nm. The MWCNT arrays were synthesized on the two silicon wafers using chemical vapor deposition. Experimental results were obtained over the nucleate boiling and film boiling regimes under saturated and sub-cooled (5±C and 10±C) boiling conditions. PF-5060 was the test fluid. Results showed that the MWCNT array with a height of 25 ¹m enhanced the nucleate and film boiling heat fluxes on the silicon surface by up to 380% and 60%, respectively, under saturated boiling conditions, and by up to 300% and 80%, respectively, under 10±C sub-cooled boiling conditions, over corresponding heat fluxes on a smooth silicon surface. The MWCNT array with a height of 9 ¹m enhanced the nucleate boiling heat flux as much as the taller array, but did not significantly enhance the wall heat flux in the film boiling regime.

<p>Finite-volume methods have been used for modeling of fluidflows involved in forced convection electrochemical coating androtating spray painting systems. Electrodeposition on a singlecircular cylinder under forced convection for Reynolds numbers10 and 200 was simulated. Comparisons with earlier numericaland theoretical results are presented and it is shown that theunsteady wake that appears for Reynolds numbers greater than 50affects the mass transfer from the surface of the cylinder onlyin an average sense. This result is compared with a heattransfer case, where unsteadiness is much more manifest. Theeffect of application of circulation movement around thecylinder surface was considered, showing that the use ofoptimal values for circulation can create a recirculation zonearound the cylinder and result in a remarkable improvement ofthe deposit uniformity. The magnetoelectrolysis researchdiscipline is presented with focus on magnetic fields uses onmass transfer processes. A classification of the governingdimensionless parameters that control the phenomena isproposed. Application of magnetoelectrolysis on electroplatingprocesses is done for the first time. It is found that the useof an alternating magnetically induced force around thecylinder can result in interesting improvement of quality andproductivity. Application of numerical methods is also studiedin another field of the surface finishing industry, thepainting atomizers. A critical situation of "reverse flow" isanalyzed. Different parameters of this phenomenon are studiedand suggestions for atomizers design are given and tested.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>mass transfer, electrochemical coating, iontransport, forced convection, diffusion, magnetoelectrolysis,electrolyte, limiting current, numerical simulation,finite-volume methods, paint atomization, Coanda effect.</p>

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Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2010. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-114). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Thomas J. Watson School of Engineeering and Applied Science, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.