Breastfeeding is arguably considered the world as the ideal way to feed the baby and is characterized as a predictive factor for this health promotion, providing protection against morbidity and mortality. However, in some very limited situations, the Ministry of Health contraindication to breastfeeding. And in these situations it is believed to be essential to think of the mothers who had contraindicated breastfeeding and negative feelings that can come from this experience. Objective: understand the perception of nurses about the mothers who experience conditions that contraindicate breastfeeding and recognize the experience of caring for mothers who had the breastfeeding contraindicated. Methods: A descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative approach. Attended nineteen nurses who work in rooming in two referral hospitals in Aracaju, SE. Data were analyzed using content analysis and based on the Theory of Symbolic Interaction. Results: Nurses noticed that mothers who have displayed against breastfeeding require more attention and care. They realized even when these mothers understand that not breastfeeding protects their babies have feelings of consciousness, conformity and acceptance, as well as sadness, frustration, fear, anguish, shame, embarrassment, guilt, and escape when they experience the conviviality of rooming with women who can breastfeed, and due to bandaging the breasts. It was found that the participants considered that it is important to protect the privacy of mothers who had contraindicated breastfeeding, as these are allocated in private environments. The bandaging the breasts remained widely used as a measure associated with pharmacological inhibition of lactation, though no longer recommended by the Ministry of Health. It was found that nurses prioritize orientation actions and they see the importance of the host to these mothers. Conclusion: Nurses demonstrated their perception of mothers contraindicated breastfeeding in rooming. The study demonstrated the need for concern with the provision of more skilled nursing care, and sensitively provide care, support and guidance, seeking to understand the uniqueness that each situation requires. In this context, the researcher's perspective was supported by the Theory of Symbolic Interactionism. / O aleitamento materno é indiscutivelmente considerado no mundo como a forma ideal para alimentar o bebê e caracteriza-se como fator preditivo para promoção da saúde deste, conferindo proteção contra a morbimortalidade. Entretanto, em algumas situações bem restritas, o Ministério da saúde contraindica a amamentação. E nessas situações acredita-se ser indispensável pensar nas mães que tiveram a amamentação contraindicada. Objetivos: compreender a percepção do enfermeiro acerca das mães que vivenciam condições que contraindicam a amamentação e reconhecer a experiência do cuidar de mães que tiveram a amamentação contraindicada. Método: Estudo descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa. Participaram dezenove enfermeiras atuantes em alojamento conjunto, em duas maternidades de referência em Aracaju, SE. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo e fundamentados pela Teoria do Interacionismo Simbólico. Resultados: As enfermeiras perceberam que mães que tem a amamentação contraindicada demandam maior atenção e cuidado. Perceberam ainda que quando essas mães compreendem que a não amamentação protege seus bebês, apresentam sentimentos de consciência, conformismo e aceitação, além de tristeza, frustração, medo, angústia, vergonha, constrangimento, culpa e fuga ao vivenciarem o convívio do alojamento conjunto com mulheres que podem amamentar, e devido ao enfaixamento das mamas. Verificou-se que as participantes consideraram que é importante para resguardar a privacidade das mães que tiveram o aleitamento materno contraindicado, que estas sejam alocadas em ambientes privativos. O enfaixamento das mamas permaneceu amplamente utilizado, como medida associada à inibição farmacológica da lactação, embora já não recomendado pelo Ministério da Saúde. Constatou-se que as enfermeiras priorizam ações de orientação e enxergam a importância do acolhimento a essas mães. Conclusão: Enfermeiros demonstraram a sua percepção acerca das mães contraindicadas a amamentar no alojamento conjunto. O estudo demonstrou a necessidade de preocupação com uma prestação de cuidados de enfermagem mais qualificada, e que com sensibilidade ofereça cuidados, apoio e orientação, buscando entender a singularidade que cada situação exige. Neste contexto, o olhar do pesquisador foi apoiado na Teoria do Interacionismo simbólico.

Orientador: Maria Cecília Marconi Pinheiro Lima / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T01:02:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lopes_TeresinhaSoaresPereira_D.pdf: 3237893 bytes, checksum: fc386b3eb452979148ab83c1e1d7d23e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Apesar dos claros benefícios do aleitamento materno para a saúde do bebê e da mãe, as taxas de amamentação continuam abaixo das recomendadas por agências nacionais e internacionais. Objetivos: Delinear o perfil da amamentação, os hábitos bucais de sucção e as possíveis implicações que a prática do aleitamento materno pode desencadear nas características morfológicas e funcionais do sistema motor oral em crianças atendidas em um programa odontológico de atenção materno infantil. Método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal, com 252 crianças entre 30 a 48 meses de idade, de ambos os sexos. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UFPI (parecer nº CAAE 0039.0.045.000-10). A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da aplicação de um questionário às mães e exame clínico das crianças. Para verificar associação entre as diferentes variáveis foi utilizado o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson, a odds ratio por meio da Regressão Logística (fatores associados à presença de hábitos de sucção) e razão de prevalência (respiradores orais e alterações oclusais), com seus intervalos de confiança de 95% para medir o efeito das variáveis relacionadas ao tempo de aleitamento materno. O nível de significância estatística estabelecido foi p<0,05. Resultados: Do total da amostra, 48,4% (n=122) das crianças mamaram no peito de forma exclusiva durante seis ou mais meses de idade; 27,4% apresentaram hábitos de sucção não nutritiva; 56,9% (n=143) padrão de respiração nasal e 59,9% (n=151) algum tipo de alteração oclusal, com oclusão normal em 40,1% (n=101). Como fator associado ao aparecimento dos hábitos de sucção não nutritiva, encontrou-se um menor tempo de aleitamento materno. As crianças que mamaram de forma exclusiva de 6 a 12 meses de idade têm 69% menos chances de ter hábitos de sucção deletérios, quando comparadas com as que mamaram até um mês. Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre o uso da mamadeira (p<0,001) e a prática de hábitos bucais de sucção não nutritiva (p=0,009), com o aumento da prevalência de as crianças exibirem padrão respiratório predominantemente oral. Os tipos de - alterações oclusais observadas foram: sobressaliência 29,8% (n=75); sobremordida 24,6% (n=62); desvio da linha média 17,5% (n=44); mordida aberta anterior 9,5% (n=24); mordida cruzada anterior 3,6% (n=09); mordida cruzada posterior 3,6% (n=09). Não foi verificada diferença estatisticamente significativa (p>0,05) em relação ao tempo e ao tipo de aleitamento materno e desvios oclusais. Conclusões: A taxa de aleitamento exclusivo nas crianças de seis ou mais meses de idade mostrou-se acima da média nacional; a continuação do aleitamento materno após seis meses de idade exerceu influências positivas na diminuição de hábitos de sucção não nutritiva; o padrão respiratório predominantemente oral foi elevado; aleitamento materno exclusivo e aleitamento materno prolongados estão associados ao padrão respiratório nasal das crianças; houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre o uso de mamadeira e os hábitos bucais de sucção não nutritiva; o tempo e o tipo de aleitamento materno não estiveram associados aos diferentes tipos de alterações oclusais nas crianças / Abstract: Despite the clear benefits of breastfeeding for the health of the baby and the mother, breastfeeding rates remain below those recommended by national and international agencies. Objectives: To delineate the profile of breastfeeding, oral suction habits and the possible implications that breastfeeding may trigger on the morphological and functional characteristics of the oral motor system in children assisted in a dental program for maternal and child care. Method: This was an observational, cross-sectional study with 252 children aged between 30-48 months of age, from both sexes. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the UFPI (opinion No. CAAE 0039.0.045.000-10). The data were collected through the application of a questionnaire to mothers and clinical examination of children. To verify the association between the different variables, it was performed the Pearson's Chi-Square test, the odds ratio by Logistics Regression (factors associated with the presence of suction habits) and prevalence ratio (oral breathers and occlusal changes), with its confidence interval of 95% to measure the effect of variables related to breastfeeding duration. The level of statistical significance was set at p <0.05. Results: From the total sample, 48.4% (n = 122) of the children were breastfed in an exclusive way for six months or more of age, 27.4% presented non-nutritive sucking habits, 56.9% (n = 143) nasal breathing pattern and 59.9% (n = 151) some kind of occlusal alteration and normal occlusion in 40.1% (n = 101) as a factor associated with the onset of non-nutritive sucking habits, was found a minor duration of breastfeeding. Children who were breastfed in an exclusive way for 6 to 12 months of age are 69% less likely to have deleterious sucking habits when compared with those who were breastfed up to one month. There was a statistically significant association between the use of baby bottle (p <0.001) and the practice of oral habits of non-nutritive sucking (p = 0.009), with increased prevalence of children exhibit predominantly oral breathing pattern. The observed types of occlusal alterations were: overjet 29.8% (n = 75); overbite 24.6% (n = 62); midline deviation 17.5% (n = 44), anterior open bite 9.5 % (n = 24), anterior crossbite 3.6% (n = 09), posterior crossbite 3.6% (n = 09) It was not verified statistically significant difference (p> 0.05) in relation to the time and type of breastfeeding and occlusal deviations. Conclusions: The rate of exclusive breastfeeding in children of six or more months of age was shown itself above the national average; continued breastfeeding after six months of age exerted positive influences on the decrease of non-nutritive sucking habits, the predominantly oral breathing pattern was high exclusive breastfeeding and prolonged total breastfeeding are associated with the nasal breathing pattern of children. There was statistically significant association between baby bottle feeding and oral habits of non-nutritive sucking, time and type of breastfeeding were not associated with different types of occlusal alterations in children / Doutorado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Doutora em Ciências Médicas

More than 85% of American adults do not consume recommended amounts of fruits or vegetables. Preterm birth and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are common adverse conditions affecting pregnancy and are leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Preterm birth affects nearly 10% of all births in the United States and is on the rise, as are hypertensive disorders, which have increased by 25% over the last two decades. Pregnancy is a state of controlled inflammation, and dysregulation has been linked to preterm birth and other adverse gestational outcomes. A healthy diet is recommended in pregnancy, but little is known about the effect fruit and vegetable intake on perinatal outcomes. Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids are essential dietary components and are known to affect inflammatory state, but little is known about how they affect inflammation in pregnancy. As current evidence is lacking, further research is needed to investigate the relationships between maternal nutrition in pregnancy, inflammation and birth outcomes. The purposes of this dissertation were to: 1) to review and evaluate the current evidence on the relationship between n-3 fatty acids and inflammation in pregnancy; 2) to evaluate the current state of the science on the impact of maternal dietary consumption of fruits and vegetables on preterm birth, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, small for gestational age, gestational weight gain and measures of inflammation or oxidative stress in pregnancy; and 3) to examine relationships between maternal dietary intake of fruits and vegetables, cytokine expression in early and mid-pregnancy, preterm birth and gestational hypertension. A critical review of literature examining the relationship between inflammation and n-3 intake during pregnancy found that multiple inflammatory cytokines in maternal and fetal tissues were lower in women who received n-3 supplements. A second review of literature review supported an inverse relationship between fruit and vegetables and risk of preeclampsia and suboptimal fetal growth. The available evidence was insufficient to establish relationships between fruit and vegetable intake and gestational diabetes, preterm birth or inflammation. A study evaluating the relationships between maternal fruit and vegetable intake, inflammation and birth outcomes was conducted. This study provided evidence supporting a relationship between first and second trimester cytokine expression and maternal dietary intake of fruits and vegetables. Those who met recommended vegetable intake in the first trimester had higher first trimester serum CRP, IL1-α, IL-6 and TNF-α and lower first trimester cervicovaginal IL-6 levels. Those who met recommendations for first trimester fruit intake had 56% lower risk for preterm birth. Those who met second trimester vegetable intake recommendations had more than twice the risk of developing gestational hypertension. The results of this dissertation provide support for the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids and fruit and vegetable intake in pregnancy. Maternal intake of these dietary components may promote optimal immune status during pregnancy. Supplementation of maternal omega-3 fatty acids may help regulate inflammation via the anti-inflammatory effects their bioactive eicosanoids exert. Fruit and vegetables have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that may also help balance the inflammatory state during pregnancy. These dietary components may help promote favorable immune status during pregnancy and reduce risk of adverse perinatal outcomes such as poor fetal growth, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and preterm birth.

No description available.

Background/Rationale: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends universal surveillance of social determinants of health in primary care. Addressing these determinants is likely crucial to reducing extant health disparities. Such screening in urban pediatric primary care has been shown to increase access to relevant resources for families when combined with provider training in using a community resource binder (Garg et al., 2007). However, resources in more rural areas are often scarce and helping families navigate a complex resource system often requires a more individualized approach. Additionally, in an increasingly screener heavy pediatric environment, social determinant screeners that are comprehensive but brief are needed to reduce the burden on both patients and providers. Methods/Results: A brief TEAM Care social determinants screener protocol was developed to meet the needs of families presenting to ETSU Pediatrics. Our clinic serves primarily low income families, many of which live in ruralareas. During the first eight months of data collection, 2043 TEAM Care screeners were administered at annual well child checks. The prevalence of caregiver endorsed concerns was as follows: financial concerns impacting ability to pay for food, housing, or utilities (7%), transportation problems (4%), caregiver depression (4%), concerns about caregiver drug/alcohol use (2%), domestic violence (1%), and literacy problems (1%). 13.4% of caregivers endorsed at least one concern on the screener. Caregivers who endorsed a concern were provided individualized resources via a warm handoff or phone call by integrated social work interns. Interns were available on an ongoing basis to check in with families, adjust resource recommendations as needed, and coordinate care with the child’s primary care physician. Our poster will report on an anticipated 3000 TEAM Care screeners collected during the first year of administration. Conclusion: Last year at CFHA, we reported the initiation of the TEAM Care Screener, modeled after the WE CARE Screener (Garg et al., 2007) and designed to screen for social determinants of health in pediatric primary care via six items. Previous preliminary reports of this study included data from approximately 1000 screeners. A one year report of the TEAM Care screener will be completed in September 2017, making it ideal timing to present at CFHA in October 2017. We anticipate reporting prevalence data from 3000 screeners and incorporating results from a provider satisfaction survey of the screener process. The TEAM Care screener process was designed to maximize efficiency for families and providers, and the addition of social work interns ensures that families who endorse needs receive individualized help. A future goal is to more systematically follow up with families to determine how many were connected to recommended resources.

No description available.

A cross-sectional household survey of maternal and child health was conducted in the Mount Frere health district of the Eastern Cape in August / September 1997. The aim was to describe key aspects of maternal and child health to inform the planning activities of the District Health Management Team (DHMT). A participatory process was followed, in order to develop research capacity within the district, and to facilitate interaction between health workers and the community. Methods: Structured questionnaires were used by local research trainees to gather data from each household on: • household demographics; • deaths in household since April 1994; • household access to water and sanitation; • children under five years; • children aged 5 to 15 years; • deliveries in the past 12 months; • knowledge of prevention and transmission of HIV/AIDS. Focus group discussions around the key findings were conducted with community members and clinic nurses to provide a qualitative component. Results: A high proportion of children under the age of 16, high household density, high unemployment, migrant labour, and absent mothers, are some of the defining demographic characteristics which affect the status of maternal and child health in the district. Access to health services is constrained by distance, lack of transport, and poor roads. Registration of births and deaths is poor, and the crude birth and death rates were found to be significantly higher than the " official" provincial rates. Tuberculosis, diarrhoea, trauma and homicide are notable features of the overall mortality profile, although the majority of deaths were classified "ill-defined / unknown". Diarrhoea and pneumonia accounted for half of all infant deaths. Eight out of ten deaths due to diarrhoea in under-fives occurred at home, but knowledge and use of oral rehydration solution is poor. Access to clean drinking water and sanitation is a major concern, with almost three quarters of homes using unprotected sources, a third more than 30 minutes' walk from the nearest source, and a half having no toilet. Areas of the district with particularly poor environmental health indicators were identified. Immunisation coverage among children 1-4 years is poor. Coverage for all vaccines except BCG falls well short of the national target of 90%, and fewer than 1 in 3 children was fully immunised with valid doses at the age of one year. Long intervals between doses and a high "dropout" rate between subsequent doses was observed. The road to health card (RTHC) could be produced for just over a half of under-five children. The proportion of home deliveries is high (45%), and traditional birth attendants (TBAs) therefore play an important role in this community. Nine out of ten mothers had attended antenatal clinic at least once, but almost half reported receiving no tetanus toxoid and no WR test for syphilis during their antenatal visits. More than a half of all mothers was using no family planning method at the time of the survey. Almost all 15-49 year-olds had heard about HIV/AIDS, but one in five did not know how HIV is transmitted, and a third did not know how it could be prevented. Recommendations: A detailed set of recommendations with action points for the DHMT was developed in a district workshop around the following key issues: 1. Improving access to health care, including road access, mobile clinic coverage, and waiting facilities for expectant mothers. 2. Promoting health in the community, by means of integration of health promotion into all health programmes, and more involvement of communities. 3. Improving the quality of care in the existing health facilities and services, including minimising missed opportunities for immunisation, and promoting home-made oral rehydration (sugar-salt) solution. 4. Improving the district health information system, especially the registration of vital events, and the provision of feedback to district health managers. 5. Identifying areas of further research, including the reasons for home deliveries, management of diarrhoea at home, and the use of traditional healers. Conclusion: The participatory research process that was used has helped to build research capacity in the district, to provide a deeper insight into community health problems, to highlight the value of health workers listening to the people they serve, to further collaboration between the disciplines, and to develop specific action plans. This is a process that should be followed in all research conducted in health districts.

This study examines the feasibility of adapting the Family Check Up (FCU), an evidence-based program to identify and manage behavioral concerns in children ages 4 and 5 years, within a pediatric primary care clinic with an integrated mental health professional. Methods: Caregivers attending their child’s 4 and 5 year-old well child visit were asked to complete a screening tool (Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17; PSC-17) measuring behavioral concerns as part of routine care. Families who screened positively, were referred to the FCU and asked to participate in a study evaluating the intervention. The FCU is a 2-session intervention during which information on home environment and parenting style was collected through tailored questionnaires, videotaped interactions, and a clinical interview. Feasibility was examined using portions of the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (REAIM) framework from the Dissemination and Implementation Science field. This study presents preliminary data on the domains of Reach and Adoption over the first 5 months of the FCU. Results: The number of families referred who attended at least one session (Reach) was 77.2%. Current data shows that use of the PSC-17 screening instrument (Adoption) is 91.4% for well child checks and 25% for acute visits. Adoption of those referred to the FCU is 84%, indicating most families screening positively for behavioral concerns were successfully referred to the FCU. Conclusion: Initial results suggest Reach and Adoption rates support the feasibility of adapting a behavioral intervention for delivery in the pediatric clinic. Notably, having an existing integrated care delivery model is a critical piece to this early success. Future directions will continue to explore feasibility of the remaining REAIM domains.

Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), perinatal depression (PD) is the most common childbirth complication. About 10% of pregnant women and about 13% of postpartum women experience a mental health disorder, primarily depression (WHO, 2016). One of the WHO (2015 a) goals for maternal mental health includes providing strategies for the promotion of psychosocial well-being and prevention of mental disorders of mothers during and after delivery. Purpose: The purpose of this performance improvement project was to establish a perinatal depression risk screening protocol and improve nursing knowledge on PD at a community-based hospital in Miami. Theoretical Framework: Beck’s postpartum depression theory Method: The project gained support and buy-in from the administration and management team of the healthcare institution. It included a comprehensive literature review used as a guide to establishing a perinatal depression screening protocol. Finally, staff nurses received education on PD, followed by an assessment for improved knowledge and retention of information. Result: A paired-samples t-test was conducted to compare pretest and posttest results for Registered nurses after receiving education on perinatal depression, N = 70. The results suggested improved knowledge and retention of new information. Conclusion: The perinatal depression screening protocol provided a framework for the assessment and first-line management for perinatal depression. There was evidence of improved nursing knowledge and retention of information on maternal mood disorders, especially perinatal depression.

Pediatric and neonatal patients are especially vulnerable to suffering from distress. This literature review identifies research which applies passive music listening to distressed neonatal and pediatric acute care patients. Databases searched to find relevant studies include CINAHL plus with full text, MEDLINE, Alt HealthWatch, APA PsycArticles, and APA PsycInfo from EBSCOhost. Six studies were identified to meet search criteria. The studies that supported music listening with the neonatal and pediatric populations had a positive effect in reducing distress levels. Additional research is warranted to further validate these findings. Music listening with neonatal and pediatric patients is a simple, cost-effective intervention that nurses can implement at the bedside.