<p>This thesis is about creation of a Matlab program that suggests and automatically generates a Phase to Sine Amplitude Converter (PSAC) in the hardware language VHDL, suitable for Direct Digital Frequency Synthesis (DDFS). Main hardware target is Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs).</p><p>Focus in this report is how an FPGA works, different methods for sine amplitude generation and their signal qualities vs the hardware resources they use.</p> / <p>Detta exjobb handlar om att skapa ett Matlab-program som föreslår och implementerar en sinusgenerator i hårdvaruspråket VHDL, avsedd för digital frekvenssyntes (DDFS). Ämnad hårdvara för implementeringen är en fältprogrammerbar grindmatris (FPGA).</p><p>Fokus i denna rapport ligger på hur en FPGA är uppbyggd, olika metoder för sinusgenerering och vilka kvaliteter på sinusvågen de ger och vilka resurser i hårdvaran de använder.</p>

<p>To fulfill todays requirements on emissions from engines, SCANIA has developed an engine with EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) and VGT (Variable Geometry Turbine). This gives two extra control signals to take into consideration. Open loop optimal control is used to investigate how these two actuators should be controlled to minimize emissions and fuel consumption. A cost function, consisting of the errors between the most important variables and their set points, has been used in the minimization. The variables are the torque, the EGR mass fraction, the oxygen/fuel ratio and the pumping losses.</p><p>From studies of the two control signals in different transients in the engine, information of how to control the VGT and EGR in the optimal way is found. The result from the optimal control has been compared with a PID simulation and has showed a better way to control the signals. The mayor reason why the optimal control is better than a PID controller is the ability to use future values from the transients.</p>

<p>Vid malmbrytning förflyttas malm långa sträckor med tåg. Malmbanan är en järnväg som går från Luleå till Narvik i Norge. Mellan Kiruna och Narvik fraktas det årligen ca 15 miljoner ton järnmalm. Tåget består av 2 lok med 52 vagnar där varje vagn kan väga upp till 100 ton. I kopplen mellan vissa vagnar uppstår sprickor som kan leda till brott så att tåget riskerar tappa vagnar.</p><p>Syftet med det här arbetet är att titta på hur stora krafterna blir i kopplen mellan tågvagnarna. Tåget har i denna studie simulerats i Matlab i form av ett system bestående av massor, fjädrar och dämpare.</p><p>Vad som är intressant att se är hur dessa krafter varierar när tåget accelererar samt bromsar in så att systemet sätts i svängning. Problemet löstes genom att tillföra en varierande kraft F(t)=F0sin(wt) på loket, vilket simulerar accelerations- samt inbromsnings-tillfällena. Då krafterna mellan vagnarna är större än dragkraften från loket (F0) finns det risk för brott i kopplen (fjädrarna). Detta kan medföra att tåget tappar vagnar. Därför är det önskvärt att studera vilka parametrar som påverkar krafternas storlek i kopplen. Matlab-programmeringen för att räkna ut krafterna mellan vagnarna är uppdelade i två filer, nämligen train_input.m och solver.m. I filen train_input förbereds inputdata för den ordinära differentialekvationslösaren i filen solver.m. De bägge filerna har varsin input-sektion där önskade parametrar måste specificeras innan Matlab-koden exekveras.</p><p>Om man i Matlab-programmet till en början har ett lok och en vagn, så kan man studera hur den maximala kraften (Fmax) i kopplen påverkas genom att successivt koppla på en extra vagn. Krafterna i kopplen ökar inte proportionellt med ökande antalet vagnar, som man först spontant kan tro. Till en början ökar krafterna mellan dem men när antalet vagnar blir fler och fler så börjar kraftökningen att avta. Flera olika egensvängningar kan äga rum och beroende på vilket tidsintervall man vill studera får man olika värden på Fmax. Detta gör att man inte kan ange vid vilket antal vagnar som krafterna börjar avta.</p><p>Då styvhetskonstanten är hög samt när deformationen av kopplet/fjädern mellan varje vagn är som störst uppstår stora krafter i kopplen. Styvhetsvärdet k påverkar även vagnarnas position relativt loket under körning. Fjädringen i kopplen minskar med ökande värde på styvhetsvärdet k och kopplen blir på så sätt stelare. Detta resulterar i att vagnarnas position relativt loket inte ändras lika mycket då kopplen görs stelare.</p><p>När tågvagnarna lastas med malm ökar givetvis även vikten på hela ekipaget och får till följd att loket måste klara av att dra mer last. Kraften i kopplen ökar till följd av ökad massa på tåget. När tågvagnarna inte har någon last och därmed lägre vikt går tåget ryckigt, men när man lastar tåget får det en mjukare gång, frekvensen blir lägre.</p><p>Dragkraften påverkar kraften i kopplen. Ju större dragkraft desto större kraft uppstår på kopplen.</p><p>Stora krafter i kopplen uppstår då systemet börjar självsvänga med någon av dess egenvinkelfrekvenser samt då vinkelfrekvensen ligger nära egenvinkelfrekvensen.</p>

<p>This thesis work was done in order to improve the capabilities in a preliminary aircraft analysis program, DIBA, at Saab Aerosystems. The areas that this was done are in the sizing and balance. One sizing tool was developed in order to make a performance analysis with the DIBA generated geometry and customer and/or regulation based criteria. A balance diagram, a neutral point estimation function, a landing gear plot and a trim program was created in order to extend the weight and balance analysis.</p><p>Results show that various aircraft both military and civil can be analyzed with good comparison to other analysis and reality. For example EXCEL implemented analysis and graphs over real aircrafts shown in the report.</p>

<p>Disturbing sound sometimes should be cancelled when music has been recorded. In this thesis, MATLAB was used as a tool. System identification was a main method used to find the unknown system. By subtracting the simulated output, disturbing sound was cancelled. Two different systems were identified with both linear (ARX) model and nonlinear (Parallel Hammerstein) model. The quality of these models was measured and compared using different methods. Possibility to implement this work on hardware was also discussed.</p>

<p>When doing recording work in the studio, disturbing sound must be removed. In this thesis, the purpose of this thesis is to formulate a mathematical equation, by using MATLAB to identify a system, then using the system to do cancellation of disturbing sound. The method of doing cancellation is to subtract the simulated output by the actual output, and then the disturbing sound was cancelled. The main thesis work will focus on the system identification, which is the process of determining the characteristic of an unknown system. Three systems were identified with the same model structure, which is linear (ARX) model. After finding out the model, the model quality must be evaluated. If the model is valid, there is a discussion if it is possible to run the mathematical equation in the real application, and how is the market today.</p>

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MATLAB is one of the most widely used mathematical computing environments in technical computing. It is an interactive environment that provides high performance computational routines and an easy-to-use, C-like scripting language. Mathworks, the company that develops MATLAB, currently does not provide a version of MATLAB that can utilize parallel computing. This has led to academic and commercial efforts outside Mathworks to build a parallel MATLAB, using a variety of approaches. In a survey, 26 parallel MATLAB projects utilizing four different approaches have been identified. MATLAB*P is one of the 26 projects. It makes use of the backend support approach. This approach provides parallelism to MATLAB programs by relaying MATLAB commands to a parallel backend. The main difference between MATLAB*P and other projects that make use of the same approach is in its focus. MATLAB*P aims to provide a user-friendly supercomputing environment in which parallelism is achieved transparently through the use of objected oriented programming features in MATLAB. One advantage of this approach is that existing scripts can be run in parallel with no or minimal modifications. This paper describes MATLAB*P 2.0, which is a complete rewrite of MATLAB*P. This new version brings together the backend support approach with embarrassingly parallel and MPI approaches to provide the first complete parallel MATLAB framework. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

Methods for fusing two computer vision methods are discussed and several example algorithms are presented to illustrate the variational method of fusing algorithms. The example algorithms seek to determine planet topography given two images taken from two different locations with two different lighting conditions. The algorithms each employ assingle cost function that combines the computer vision methods of shape-from-shading and stereo in different ways. The algorithms are closely coupled and take into account all the constraints of the photo-topography problem. The algorithms are run on four synthetic test image sets of varying difficulty.

Peer-to-peer technologies have shown a lot of promise in sharing the remote resources effectively. The resources shared by peers are information, bandwidth, storage space or the computing power. When used properly, they can prove to be very advantageous as they scale well, are dynamic, autonomous, fully distributed and can exploit the heterogeneity of peers effectively. They provide an efficient infrastructure for an application seeking to distribute numerical computation. In this thesis, we investigate the feasibility of using a peer-to-peer infrastructure to distribute the computational load of Matlab and similar applications to achieve performance benefits and scalability. We also develop a proof of concept application to distribute the computation of a Matlab style application.