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Diss. Univ. Frankfurt a.M., 2007/08.

From the perspective of the present day, Puritan-inspired capitalism seems to have succeeded globally, including in India. Connected to this, short-term profit-orientation in management seems to constrain the scope of different management approaches in a tight ideological corset. This article discusses the possibility of replacing this Puritan doctrine with the crucial elements of Indian philosophy: Karma and samsara. In doing so, the possibility of revising the guiding principles in capitalist management becomes conceivable, namely the monetary focus of profit-orientation and its short-term orientation. This perspective allows a detachment of the concept of profit from the realm of money, as the seemingly only objectifiable measure of profit. Furthermore it allows a removal of the expectation that every "investment" has to directly "pay off". A karmic view offers management a possible facility for being more caring about the needs and fates of other stakeholders, as profit-orientation would no longer be attached as a factual constraint to merely accumulate money. (author's abstract)

Le thème de cette thèse est la théorie spatiale des valeurs extrêmes, et les objets principalement étudiés sont les processus max-stables à trajectoires continues. Nous commençons par déterminer la convergence des maximums de processus stochastiques indépendants, en utilisant la convergence de mesures empiriques vers des processus ponctuels de Poisson. Ensuite, nous déterminons les lois conditionnelles des processus max infiniment divisibles (max-i.d). La représentation des processus max-i.d par des processus ponctuels de Poisson permet l'introduction de notions telles que les fonctions extrémales et le hitting scénario qui permettent d'aboutir au résultat. Les processus max-stables étant des processus max-i.d, nous proposons un algorithme de simulation conditionnelle pour les champs max-stables puis nous l'utilisons pour des applications avec des données de précipitations autour de Zurich et de températures en Suisse. Nous trouvons aussi, une majoration du coefficient de β-mélange entre les restrictions d'un processus max-i.d sur deux sous-ensembles fermés et disjoints d'un espace métrique localement compact. Cette majoration permet d'obtenir de nouveaux critères pour le théorème de la limite central des processus stationnaires mélangeant. Enfin, nous terminons en démontrant qu'un processus stationnaire max-stable vérifiant la propriété de Markov est, quitte à renverser le temps, un processus max-autorégressif d’ordre 1. / The theme of this thesis is spatial extreme value theory and we focus on continuous max-stable processes. We begin with the convergence of the maximum of independent stochastic processes, by using the convergence of empirical measures to Poisson point processes. After that, we determine the regular conditional distributions of max infinitely divisible (max-i.d) processes. The representation of max-i.d. processes by Poisson point processes allows us to introduce the notions of extremal functions and hitting scenario. Our result relies on these new notions. Max-stable processes are max-i.d. processes, so we give an algorithm for conditional sampling and give an application to extreme precipitations around Zurich and extreme temperatures in Switzerland. We also find a upper bound for the β-mixing coefficient between the restrictions of a max-i.d. process on two disjoint closed subsets of a locally compact metric space. This entails a central limit theorem for stationary max-i.d processes. Finally, we prove that the class of stationary maxstable processes with the Markov property is equal, up to time reversal, to the class of stationary max-autoregressive processes of order 1.

Sonification is the process of mapping non-musical data to sound. The field is comprised of three key areas of research: (1) psychological research in perception and cognition, (2) the development of tools, and (3) sonification design and application. The goals of this research were twofold: (1) To provide insights to the development of sonification tools within the programming environment Max for use in further sonification/interdisciplinary research, as well as (2) provide a framework for a musical sonification system. The sonification system discussed was developed to audify spectrometry data, with the purpose of better understanding how multi-purpose systems can be easily modified to suit a particular need. Since all sonification systems may become context specific to the data they audify, a system was developed in the programming language Max that is both modular and responsive to the parameterization of data to create musical outcomes. The trends and phenomena of spectral data in the field of spectroscopy are plotted musically through the system and further enhanced by processes that associate descriptors of said data with compositional idioms, rhythmically, melodically, and harmonically. This process was achieved in Max by creating a modular system that handles the importing and formatting of spectral data (or any data in an array format) to send that data to a variety of subprograms for sonification. Subprograms handle timing and duration, diatonic melody, harmony, and timbral aspects including synthesis and audio effects. These systems are accessible both at a high level for novice users, as well as within the Max environment for more nuanced modification to support further research.

No description available.

Cheung Ching-yuen. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-123). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.5 / Chapter I --- The Study of Man --- p.8 / Chapter II --- Philosophical Anthropology and other Sciences of Man --- p.11 / Chapter III --- Max Scheler and Philosophical Anthropology --- p.17 / Chapter Chapter Two --- Scheler's Concept of Person --- p.29 / Chapter I --- The Concepts of Person --- p.30 / Chapter II --- Scheler's Ethical Personalism --- p.40 / Chapter III --- "Person, Community and World" --- p.48 / Chapter Chapter Three --- Scheler's Concept of Man --- p.54 / Chapter I --- The Concepts of Man --- p.55 / Chapter II --- Man as ens amans --- p.71 / Chapter III --- Spirit and Life --- p.90 / Chapter Chapter Four --- Conclusion --- p.102 / Note --- p.107 / Bibliography --- p.118

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O aumento no uso de agroquímicos decorrentes do plantio de transgênicos é exemplo de prática que coloca em cheque o futuro dos solos e biodiversidade. Dentre as espécies de ácaros fitófagos que causam danos à cultura destacam-se Mononychellus planki McGregor e Tetranychus ludeni Zacher. O Caliothrips phaseoli Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) também pode atingir nível de praga nestas plantações. Estes ácaros e inseto se alimentam das folhas da soja causando clorose e perda na produção de grãos. Neoseiulus californicus McGregor (Acari: Phytoseiidae) é utilizado no controle de populações de ácaros praga em culturas agrícolas, porém não são conhecidos seus parâmetros biológicos quando alimentados com M. planki e C. phaseoli. O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer os parâmetros biológicos de N. californicus quando alimentado de M. planki, T. ludeni e C. phaseoli sobre folhas de soja nas condições de laboratório e avaliar a influência da transgenia sobre o ciclo biológico de T. ludeni. Os ácaros foram coletados em plantações de soja da cidade de Lajeado - RS. No estudo com o predador foram utilizados ovos individualizados em arenas com M. planki, T. ludeni e C. phaseoli como alimento. Foram realizados estudos observando o desenvolvimento e reprodução de T. ludeni sobre soja convencional Fundacef 44, RR Nideira 5909, resistente ao glifosato e BT Rota 54, resistente ao glifosato e ao ataque de lagartas. A viabilidade total de ovo-adulto para o predador se alimentando de T. ludeni, M. planki e C. phaseoli foram 96.66%, 76.67% e 53.33%, respectivamente. O predador não completou seu desenvolvimento sendo alimentado com C. phaseoli, pois não houve oviposição. A capacidade de aumentar em número (rm) foi de 14.46 fêmeas/fêmeas/dias com T. ludeni e 13.39 com M. Planki. A transgenia na soja não demonstrou interferir na biologia de T. ludeni. Esta espécie pode estar em fase de adaptação à cultura, pois teve parâmetros de reprodução menores que o esperado. Os resultados poderão subsidiar trabalhos de controle biológico na soja e outras culturas que apresentarem as mesmas espécies herbívoras em nível de praga. Também contribuir para as discussões acerca do uso de transgênicos. / The genetically modified cultivars change management culture of soybean, Glycine max L. Merri: Fabaceae. The dramatic increase in the use of agrochemicals arising from the planting of GM crops is practical example that puts in check the future of soil and agricultural biodiversity. Among the species of phytophagous mites that cause damage to culture, include Mononychellus planki McGregor, Tetranychus ludeni Zacher and Tetranychus urticae Koch. Caliothrips phaseoli Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a species of insect that can also reach plague level in these plantations. The species lay their eggs on the leaves of soybeans and feed her causing chlorosis and loss in grain production. Neoseiulus californicus McGregor is already used in the control of pest mites in different cultures, but are not known their biological parameters feeding on M. planki and C. phaseoli. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological parameters of N. californicus feeding on M. planki, T. ludeni and C. phaseoli in soybean leaves and the influence of transgenic on an herbivore, T. ludeni. The mites were collected in soy plantations in the city of Lajeado-RS. In the study with the predator, individualized eggs were used in arenas with M. planki, T. ludeni and C. phaseoli as food. Noted the development and reproduction of t. ludeni in different soybean cultivars, these being, conventional soybeans Fundacef 44, and of two types of genetically modified soybeans, RR Nideira 5909 glyphosate resistance e BT Rota 54 glyphosate resistant and the attack of caterpillar. The total egg viability-adult for the predator feeding on T. ludeni, M. planki and C. phaseoli was 96.66% respectively, 76.67% and 53.33%. The predator has not completed its development being fed with C. phaseoli, do you ovipositou. The ability to increase in number (rm) was 14.46 with T. ludeni and 13.39 female/female/day with M. planki. The varieties in soybeans has not shown to interfere with the biology of T. ludeni. Is species may be in the process of adaptation to the culture, as it had playback parameters smaller than expected. The results may subsidize works of biological control in soybeans and other crops which submit same herbivore species pest level. Also, contribute to discussions about the use of transgenic crops.

The research implements interactive music processes involving sound synthesis and symbolic treatments within a single environment. The algorithms are driven by classical instrumental performance through hybrid systems called hyperinstruments, in which the sensing of the performance gestures leads to open and goal-oriented generative music forms. The interactions are composed with MAX/Msp, designing contexts and relationships between real-time instrumental timbre analysis (sometimes with added inertial motion tracking) with a gesture-based idea of form shaping. Physical classical instruments are treated as interfaces, giving rise to the need to develop unconventional mapping strategies on account of the multi-dimensional and interconnecting quality of timbre. Performance and sound gestures are viewed as salient energies, phrasings and articulations carrying information about human intentions, in this way becoming able to change the musical behaviour of a composition inside a coded dramaturgy. The interactive networks are designed in order to integrate traditional music practices and “languages” with computational systems designed to be self-regulating, through the mediation of timbre space and performance gestural descriptions. Following its classic definition, technology aims to be mainly related not to mechanical practices but rather to rhetorical approaches: for this reason the software often foresees interactive scores, and must be performed in accordance with a set of external verbal (and video) explanations, whose technical detail should nevertheless not impair the most intuitive approach to music making.

As urease de plantas catalisam a hidrólise da ureia e apresentam efeitos tóxicos a fungos patogênicos e insetos fitófagos. Em soja [Glycine max L. Merrill] foram descritas duas ureases estruturais: a embrião-específica, codificada pelo gene Eu1, e a ubíqua, codificada pelo gene Eu4. Sabe-se que a urease embrião-específica purificada apresenta efeito inibitório sobre o crescimento in vitro de fungos filamentosos e desenvolvimento de insetos. A urease ubíqua é responsável pela reciclagem de toda a ureia proveniente do metabolismo, mas não há informações sobre seu envolvimento no sistema de defesa das plantas. A transformação genética é uma ferramenta importante em estudos de genômica funcional e, portanto, a disponibilidade de sistemas eficientes é um pré-requisito essencial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a obtenção de plantas estavelmente transformadas a partir de embriões somáticos de soja submetidos ao sistema integrado bombardeamento/Agrobacterium, bem como a identificação e caracterização funcional dos genes que codificam as ureases estruturais de soja, especialmente a urease ubíqua em relação aos processos de resposta a fungos patogênicos. Inicialmente, testamos a eficiência de transformação de embriões somáticos secundários por um método que combina o bombardeamento de partículas livres de DNA com o sistema Agrobacterium. Plantas transgênicas férteis foram regeneradas de vários experimentos independentes de transformação utilizando diferentes plasmídios. Posteriormente, foi realizada a caracterização dos genes que codificam ureases presentes no genoma da soja. O gene Eu4 apresentou um padrão de expressão diferencial para genótipos suscetível e resistente ao longo do período de infecção por Phakopsora pachyrhizi, o agente etiológico da ferrugem asiática. Plantas transgênicas foram geradas visando a superexpressão de Eu4. Contudo, apenas uma planta apresentou níveis aumentados de expressão desse gene, enquanto que as demais plantas apresentaram o fenômeno de co-supressão dos genes endógeno e transgene. Avaliou-se o crescimento vegetativo dos fungos Rhizoctonia solani, Phomopsis sp., Fusarium solani, Colletotrichum gossypii e Penicillium herguei em meio de cultura contendo extrato protéico bruto de plantas transgênicas expressando maiores e menores níveis de urease e de plantas não-transgênicas. O crescimento dos fungos foi inversamente proporcional a quantidade da urease presente no extrato protéico das plantas. Quando infectadas por uredósporos de P. pachyrhizi, folhas destacadas das plantas co-suprimidas desenvolveram um número significativamente maior de lesões, pústulas e pústulas abetas do que folhas com níveis normais da enzima. Em conjunto estes resultados indicam um 15 importante envolvimento da urease ubíqua da soja na resposta à infecção da planta por fungos patogênicos. Além disso, um terceiro gene que codifica urease foi encontrado no banco de dados com a sequência completa do genoma da soja. O gene foi denominado Eu5 e seu produto SBU-III. A análise filogenética mostra que SBU-III está fortemente relacionada à isoforma embrião-específica. Apesar da grande similaridade na seqüência primária da proteína, SBU-III apresenta uma mutação em um aminoácido altamente conservado entre as ureases, sugerindo ausência da atividade ureolítica. O padrão de expressão do gene Eu5 em diferentes órgãos e estágios de desenvolvimento foi determinado por RT-qPCR. Transcritos foram detectados em sementes um dia após a quebra de dormência, em raízes de plantas jovens e em embriões em desenvolvimento. As evidências sugerem que SBU-III não está envolvida na disponibilização de nitrogênio para as plantas, mas esta pode ter função de defesa. / Plants ureases catalyze urea hydrolysis and display toxic effects against pathogenic fungi and phytophagous insects. For soybean [Glycine max L. Merrill] two structural ureases have been described: the embryo-specific, encoded by Eu1 gene, and the ubiquitous, encoded by Eu4 gene. The toxic property of purified embryo-specific urease against filamentous fungi and insects was demonstrated in vitro. The ubiquitous urease is responsible for recycling all metabolically-derived urea, but there were no information about its putative defense role. Plant genetic transformation offers significant advancement in functional genomics. Therefore an efficient transformation system is required. This study aims to obtain stable transformed plants derived from somatic embryos submitted to the integrated bombardment/ Agrobacterium system, as well as identify and functionally characterize the soybean structural urease-encoding genes, specially the ubiquitous urease gene response to fungi. First, the transformation of soybean proliferating somatic embryos by a procedure that combines DNA-free particle bombardment and Agrobacterium was evaluated. Transgenic fertile plants were recovered from many transformation experiments using different plasmids. After, a study of ureases enconding genes present in the soybean genome was carried out. In the present work, Eu4 gene showed a differential expression pattern in susceptible and resistant genotypes over the course of Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection, the Asian rust causal agent. Transgenic plants aiming Eu4 overexpression were obtained. However, a single transgenic plant exhibited Eu4 overexpression, whereas the other ones showed co-suppression of endogenous and transgenes urease genes. The growth of Rhizoctonia solani, Phomopsis sp., Fusarium solani, Colletotrichum gossypii and Penicillium herguei in media containing crude protein extract from either transgenic or non-transgenic leaves was evaluated. Fugal growth was inversely proportional to ubiquitous urease amount in plant crude extracts. When infected by P. pachyrhizi uredospores, detached leaves of co-suppressed plants developed a significantly higher number of lesions, pustules and erupted pustules than leaves containing normal levels of the enzyme. These results suggested an important role of soybean ubiquitous urease in plant response against fungal infection. Furthermore, by searching the completed soybean genome sequence, a third urease-encoding locus was identified. The gene was designated Eu5 and its product, SBU-III. Phylogenetic analysis shows that SBU-III is closely related to the embryo-specific isoform. Although a high similarity in amino acid sequence was observed, a mutation in a highly conserved residue suggests absence of ureolytic activity. Expression profile of Eu5 gene in different organs and developmental stages was determined by RT-qPCR. Transcripts were detected in seeds one day after dormancy break, roots of young plants and embryos of developing seeds. Evidences suggest that SBU-III may not be involved in nitrogen availability to plants, but a defense role was proposed.