Le Cloud Computing est devenu l'un des grands paradigmes de l'informatique et propose de fournir les ressources informatiques sous forme de services accessibles au travers de l'Internet. Ces services sont généralement organisés selon trois types ou niveaux. On parle de modèle SPI pour “Software, Platform, Infrastructure” en anglais. De la même façon que pour les applications ``standard'', les services de Cloud doivent être capables de s'adapter de manière autonome afin de tenir compte de l'évolution de leur environnement. À ce sujet, il existe de nombreux travaux tels que ceux concernant la consolidation de serveur et l'économie d'énergie. Mais ces travaux sont généralement spécifiques à l'un des niveaux et ne tiennent pas compte des autres. Pourtant, comme l'a affirmé Kephart et al. en 2000, même s'il existe des adaptations à priori indépendantes les unes des autres, celles-ci ont un impact sur l'ensemble du système informatique dans lequel elles sont appliquées. De ce fait, une adaptation au niveau infrastructure peut avoir un impact au niveau plate-forme ou au niveau application. L'objectif de cette thèse est de fournir un support pour l'adaptation permettant de gérer celle-ci comme une problématique transverse au différents niveaux afin d'assurer la cohérence et l'efficacité de l'adaptation. Pour cela, nous proposons une abstraction capable de représenter l'ensemble des niveaux et servant de support pour la définition des reconfigurations. Cette abstraction repose sur les techniques de modèle à l'exécution (Model at Runtime en anglais) qui propose de porter les outils utilisés à la conception pour définir, valider et appliquer une nouvelle configuration pendant l'exécution du système lui-même. Afin de montrer l'utilisabilité de cette abstraction, nous présentons trois expérimentations permettant de montrer l'extensibilité et la généricité de notre solution, de montrerque l'impact sur les performances du système est faible, et de montrer que cette abstraction permet de faire de l'adaptation multiniveaux. / Cloud Computing is becoming the new paradigm for information technology to provide resources as Internet-based services. These services are basically categorized according to three layers also called SPI model (Software, Platform, Infrastructure). The same way as ``non-Cloud'' applications, Cloud services must be able to adapt themselves according to the evolution of their environment. There are many works on dynamic adaptation such as server consolidation and green computing but these works are generally specifics to one layer and do not take the others into account. However Kephart et al. have explain in 2000 that even if adaptations are, in theory, independant, they have an impact on the overall system. Consequently, an adaptation at the infrastructure layer can have an impact at the platform or at the application layers.This thesis provides an abstraction to manage adaptation as an orthogonal concern overs Cloud layers. Based on Model atRuntime (M@R) techniques which offer to use design tools to build and validate new configuration of the system at the runtime, this abstraction is able to modelize all the Cloud layers. To show the usability of this abstraction, we provide three experimentations showing the extensibility and genericity of our approach, showing that performance overhead on the system (infrastructure or platform) is weak and showing that the abstraction allows to build multi-layers adaptations.

<p>Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) leverages models to first-class status by shifting the focus of software development from coding to modeling. This thesis extends Antonio Cicchettis paper Difference Representation and Conflict Management in Model-Driven Engineering, adding concrete research corresponding to sequential composition.Differences between models can be displayed as deltas in a metamodel independent way. Working with these deltas, a need for sequential composites appears. This means, that several sequently deltas are marged together to a new delta. Since this delta contains a lot of unnecessary information, it needs to be optimized regarding to the minimal paradigm which is mentioned in the corresponding paper. This paper supplies the reader with a broad overview of the basic concepts, the difference representation and application including the metamodel independent approach, and finally a narrow examination of the research topic, including constraints, examples and implementation details.</p>

In Model-Driven Engineering bidirectional model transformations emerged as an important ingredient to cope with scenarios such as change propagation, synchronization and to keep consistent system views whenever changes occurring on some view have to be propagated over the others. However, bidirectional mappings open a number of intricate issues that have been only partially solved by research. This master thesis identifies a set of features characterizing bidirectional transformations and validates them against two existing approaches. In particular, a benchmark based on the UML2RDBMS transformation and consisting of two different configurations is implemented by means of two different approaches, such as Triple Graph Grammars and the Janus Transformation Language, for understanding bidirectional transformations with respect to the elicited features.

Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) leverages models to first-class status by shifting the focus of software development from coding to modeling. This thesis extends Antonio Cicchettis paper Difference Representation and Conflict Management in Model-Driven Engineering, adding concrete research corresponding to sequential composition.Differences between models can be displayed as deltas in a metamodel independent way. Working with these deltas, a need for sequential composites appears. This means, that several sequently deltas are marged together to a new delta. Since this delta contains a lot of unnecessary information, it needs to be optimized regarding to the minimal paradigm which is mentioned in the corresponding paper. This paper supplies the reader with a broad overview of the basic concepts, the difference representation and application including the metamodel independent approach, and finally a narrow examination of the research topic, including constraints, examples and implementation details.

CARMO, Alcione Moreira do. Utilização do geoprocessamento como subsídio para análise morfométrica e de risco geológico das serras da porção sul do Maciço Central do Ceará. 2014. 125 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Geologia)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2014. / Submitted by Vitor Campos (vitband@gmail.com) on 2016-10-05T22:52:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_amcarmo.pdf: 13475488 bytes, checksum: b0cd48787295bbe3259830b4c8a90ea4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-10-06T21:08:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_amcarmo.pdf: 13475488 bytes, checksum: b0cd48787295bbe3259830b4c8a90ea4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-06T21:08:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_amcarmo.pdf: 13475488 bytes, checksum: b0cd48787295bbe3259830b4c8a90ea4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / The dissertation in question treats about GIS techniques applied to morphometric and erosion risk analysis used on ridges located in the southern portion of the Massif Central of Ceará. The ridges in question are located in the South Central region of Ceará State, between the towns of Acopiara, Piquet Carneiro, Mombaça and Catarina. This area contains a set of topographic reliefs between 500 meters to a little more than 800 meters high. These riges are supported by varios lithologies - quartzites, gnaisses, migmatites and granites, this region also features a tectonic/structural context with many deformations related to shear zones. The slopes of these relifes are all very steep, a fact that denotes concern about erosion and stability in these slopes. The use and occupation of these lands are basically applied to traditional agriculture. To better understant the geomorphological behavior of the evolution of these ridges and to determine the risks inherent to the rugged topography of the study are we used geoprocessing techiniques, such as using multi-data remote sensing and GIS tools. To better understand the geomorphological behavior of the evolution of these ridges and to determine the risks inherent to the rugged topography of the study area we used Geoprocessing techniques, such as multi-data remote sensing and GIS tools. For that four morphometric variables, through ArcGIS 10.1®, were analyzed (slope, vertical and horizontal curvatures) from DEM distinct data (ASTER-GDEM, SRTM and Topodata). The first results were presented in an article, accepted by the Brazilian Journal of Cartography, which brings the discussion about the best data/scale ratio for morphometric variables analysis. This allowed to direct the choice of MDE Topodata to generate the morphometric variables used in erosion risk analysis performed in the study area. These variables before being used as calculation basis for the erosion risk map, passed through a validation performed by field survey. / A dissertação em questão trata do uso das técnicas de Geoprocessamento aplicada à análise morfométrica e de risco a erosão nas serras da porção Sul do Maciço Central do Ceará. As serras em questão estão localizadas na região Centro-Sul do Estado do Ceará, entre os municípios de Acopiara, Piquet Carneiro, Mombaça e Catarina. A área compreende um conjunto de relevo com topografias entre 500 m a pouco mais de 800 m de altitude. Essas serras são sustentadas por litologias variadas – quartzitos, gnaisses, migmatitos e granitos, a região também apresenta um contexto tectônico/estrutural com muitas deformações relacionadas com as zonas de cisalhamentos. As encostas desses relevos possuem declives bastante acentuados, fato que denota preocupação com a erosão e a estabilidade nessas vertentes. O uso e ocupação do solo é basicamente aplicado para agricultura tradicional. Para entender melhor o comportamento geomorfológico da evolução dessas serras e se determinar os riscos inerentes a topografia acidentada da área de estudo foram utilizadas técnicas de Geoprocessamento, como uso de multidados de sensores remotos e as ferramentas do SIG. Para isso foram analisados, por meio do ArcGIS 10.1® quatro variáveis morfométricas (declividade, orientação de vertentes, curvaturas vertical e horizontal) a partir de MDE de dados distintos (ASTER-GDEM, SRTM e Topodata). Os primeiros resultados obtidos foram apresentados sob forma artigo, aceito pela Revista Brasileira de Cartografia, que traz a discussão sobre a melhor relação dado/escala para análise das variáveis morfométricas. Isso possibilitou o direcionamento da escolha do MDE Topodata para gerar as variáveis morfométricas empregadas na análise de risco a erosão realizada na área de estudo. Essas variáveis antes de serem utilizadas como base de cálculo do mapa de risco a erosão, passaram por uma validação realizada por meio de trabalho de campo.

DUARTE, Paulo Artur de Sousa. Uma abordagem dirigida por modelos para a configuração de aquisição de contexto intermediada por middleware. 2014. 138 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência da Computação)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2014. / Submitted by Anderson Silva Pereira (anderson.pereiraaa@gmail.com) on 2017-01-09T21:23:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_pasduarte.pdf: 5643936 bytes, checksum: 20434743dc1b912e4ace216181c03c1e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rocilda Sales (rocilda@ufc.br) on 2017-01-11T15:37:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_pasduarte.pdf: 5643936 bytes, checksum: 20434743dc1b912e4ace216181c03c1e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-11T15:37:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_pasduarte.pdf: 5643936 bytes, checksum: 20434743dc1b912e4ace216181c03c1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Context-aware mobile (CAM) applications retrieve contextual information from the environment in which they run in order to achieve a specific goal (e.g., interface adaptation, content recommendation). Features such as device heterogeneity, scarce resources and sensors diversity improve the complexity of development to this kind of software. Recent way to deal with such development issues is the adoption of two combined approaches: (i) middleware platforms and (ii) principles of MDE paradigm (e.g., Model-Driven Engineering). These approaches aim at reducing the total development time of CAM applications by using code generation from higher-level models, and increasing the potential applications through the use of services provide by middleware platforms. Thus, this dissertation proposes an approach to generate code that configures the acquisition of context in Android mobile applications. Based on MDE, we created the DSL (Domain-Specific Language)ContextRuleML, which allows the developer to model the contextual rules of a CAM application in a higher-level notation. A configuration tool, named CRiTICAL, uses the models produced with the DSL to generate an initial structure of a CAM application that uses an existing middleware platform to acquisition of context called LoCCAM. The tool also generates the configuration and the automated installation of LoCCAM and its components based on generated model. Two evaluations were made. First, a usability evaluation was realized by 14 volunteers. Second, a performance evaluation compares response time and memory used by the code generated by CRITiCAL against code written by a specialist in development with LoCCAM, without using our solution. / As aplicações móveis e sensíveis ao contexto se caracterizam por capturar a informação contextual do ambiente em que estão inseridas para utilizá-la de acordo com um objetivo específico (e.g., adaptação de interface, recomendação de conteúdo). A heterogeneidade dos dispositivos, a limitação de recursos dos mesmos e o acesso a sensores aumentam a complexidade do desenvolvimento deste tipo de software. Uma forma recente de se lidar com tais problemas de desenvolvimento é a adoção combinada de plataformas de middleware com os princípios do paradigma MDE (Model-Driven Engineering). O objetivo é tanto de reduzir o tempo de desenvolvimento com a geração de código a partir de modelos como de aumentar as potencialidades dos aplicativos através do uso dos serviços providos pelas plataformas de middleware. Seguindo essa tendência, essa dissertação propõe uma abordagem de geração de código de configuração de aquisição de contexto em aplicações móveis Android com duas principais contribuições: a DSL (Domain-Specific Language) ContextRuleML e a Ferramenta CRITiCAL. A DSL ContextRuleML permite ao um desenvolvedor modelar em alto nível as informações contextuais e as regras contextuais de uma aplicação sensível ao contexto. A CRITiCAL é uma ferramenta de configuração para aplicações móveis que utiliza os modelos produzidos com a DSL para a geração de um esqueleto inicial de um aplicativo móvel e sensível ao contexto. O código gerado invoca métodos de uma plataforma de middleware de aquisição de contexto: o LoCCAM. A ferramenta também gera a configuração e a instalação automatizada do LoCCAM e de seus componentes com base no modelo gerado. A validação da abordagem compreendeu duas etapas. A primeira foi uma avaliação de usabilidade da ferramenta realizada com 14 voluntários da área da omputação. A segunda foi uma avaliação de desempenho que comparava em termos de tempo de resposta e memória utilizada o código gerado pela CRITiCAL com o código escrito de forma manual por um especialista em desenvolvimento utilizando o LoCCAM.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T16:01:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo7566_1.pdf: 2847690 bytes, checksum: 1d3626862b82aca95ac1d01b74011871 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) visa melhorar a produtividade e qualidade de software, deslocando recursos que na maioria dos projetos são gastos em questões específicas da plataforma de programação para direcionar esforços somente as questões de negocio, independentes de plataforma. No âmbito de um projeto com objetivo de implementação em uma unica plataforma, o retorno do investimento em modelos é claro somente se grande parte do codigo for gerado automaticamente a partir de modelos independentes de plataforma (PIM). No entanto, esse serviço ainda e um desafifio, uma meta a ser atingida. Esta dissertação de mestrado contribui para o projeto WAKAME e mostra que esse objetivo e alcançável. O projeto concentra esforcos na construção de uma ferramenta CASE MDE disponvel como uma aplicação WEB. Com o WAKAME, o desenvolvedor pode especifificar o PIM da aplicação editando visões na ferramenta. As visões estruturais usam diagramas de classes UML, enquanto as operacionais utilizam expressões em OCL Imperativa. Essas visões são unificadas dentro de um modelo unificado (SUM), alvo das transformações. O WAKAME almeja que ao se concluir especificação do PIM, o usuario possa automaticamente realizar a geração de codigo e a implantação da aplicação no servico de nuvem da Google. Dentro desse objetivo, essa dissertação contribui na geração de codigo estrutural e nas tarefas de infraestrutura da aplicação. Metodologicamente, este trabalho tambem contribui com uma inovadora arquitetura com duas fases de geração de codigo: 1) criação de uma nova representação do modelo atraves de um framework de transformação independente de plataforma; 2) realizar a transformação da representação em objetos para codigo atraves de um motor de templates. A nova representação oferece uma arquitetura extensivel para outras plataformas

Domain Specific Languages (DSL) are becoming a common practice for describing models at a higher abstraction, using a notation that domain experts understand. Designing a DSL usually starts from creating a language specification, and the other tools of the DSLs are derived from the specification. Hence, the quality of the language specification can crucially impact the quality of the complete DSL tool chain. Although many methods for defining a language specification have been proposed, the quality of the language specification they produced is not emphasised. This thesis explores the quality of language specifications, and proposes consistency, correctness, executability, understandability, and interoperability as the key features that a high quality language specification processes. Given the importance of these features, this thesis designs a new language definition approach that is based on the newly published OMG standards, namely: the semantics of the foundational subset of UML (fUML), and the Action Language for fUML (ALF). This approach enables the creation of a language specification with the proposed criteria. Moreover, a software framework that simplifies the production of high quality language specifications is built. Finally, a software development process is developed, which analyses the roles, products, and activities in DSL specification development. The framework is demonstrated by defining the language specification of Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) as a case study. The BPEL specification is further evaluated, which confirms the desired quality features are processed.

L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est de proposer un canevas sémantique intégrant un méta-modèle et des outils de raisonnement permettant à tout concepteur de système ubiquitaire de mettre en oeuvre facilement des mécanismes de gestion des politiques de la vie privée. Le canevas proposé intègre une architecture middleware générique qui offre des composants pour définir, administrer et contrôler l'application des politiques de confidentialité. Notre approche proposée est hybride. Elle est fondée sur l’ingénierie dirigée par les modèles et sur un raisonnement à base d'ontologies et de règles d'inférence opérant selon l'hypothèse du monde clos. Le méta-modèle proposé est caractérisé par un niveau d'abstraction et d'expressivité élevé permettant de définir des politiques de gestion de la vie privée indépendamment du domaine d'application pouvant être adaptées à différents contextes. Il définit, aussi, un cadre conceptuel pour établir des modèles de règles génériques et décidables permettant de prendre des décisions de contrôle cohérentes pour la protection de la vie privée. Ces modèles de règles sont mis en oeuvre grâce au langage de règles SmartRules permettant de mettre en oeuvre un contrôle adaptatif. Ce dernier est basé sur un raisonnement non-monotone et une représentation des instances de concepts selon la supposition du nom unique. Nous avons validé le canevas proposé à travers un scénario typique mettant en oeuvre des services d'assistance ambiante sensibles à la vie privée de personne âgée. / This thesis aims at proposing a semantic framework that integrates a meta-model and reasoning tools allowing any ubiquitous system designer to easily implement mechanisms to manage privacy policies. The proposed framework includes a generic middleware architecture that provides components to define, manage and monitor the implementation of privacy policies. Our approach is an hybrid one based on Model-Driven Engineering and a reasoning based on ontologies and inference rules operating on the assumption of the closed world. The proposed meta-model is characterized by a high level of abstraction and expressiveness to define privacy policies management regardless of the domain application and can be adapted to different contexts. It defines, also, a conceptual framework for generic decidable modelling rules to make consistent control decisions on user privacy. These model rules are implemented using the SmartRules language that could implement an adaptive control. The latter is based on a non-monotonic reasoning and representation of instances of concepts according to the unique name assumption. We have validated the proposed semantic framework through a typical scenario that implements support ambient intelligence privacy-aware services for elderly.

Para modelar la replicación de MySQL, los administradores de base de datos (DBA’s) utilizan herramientas de diagramación, tales como Microsoft Visio. Sin embargo, este tipo de herramientas no permiten validar automáticamente si un modelo de replicación MySQL está libre de errores, lo que puede resultar tener documentación errónea de los modelos de replicación. Estas herramientas tampoco permiten generar automáticamente a partir del modelo, los comandos mysqlreplicate de configuración. La falta de estas funcionalidades conlleva a realizarlas de forma manual, la cual se torna en una tarea tediosa, propensa a errores y que consume tiempo, más aún si el número de servidores MySQL del modelo es alto, con 15, 20, 25 o más servidores. Este trabajo de investigación propone el desarrollo de la herramienta MySQL Replication Modeling que permita a los DBA’s modelar la replicación de MySQL y validar automáticamente si el modelo es correcto, mostrando los errores en caso existan. Además, una vez que el DBA ha corregido y validado el modelo, la herramienta es capaz de generar automáticamente los comandos mysqlreplicate de configuración. La herramienta se desarrolló siguiendo las fases del Proceso Unificado de Rational (RUP) y basada en la Ingeniería Dirigida por Modelos (MDE) bajo la plataforma Eclipse. Los resultados demuestran que la herramienta propuesta MySQL Replication Modeling permite validar automáticamente un modelo de replicación de MySQL, y reduce en más del 87% el tiempo en identificar y corregir los errores de un modelo de replicación con 25 servidores comparado con el uso de la herramienta Microsoft Visio 2013. Los resultados también demuestran que con el uso de la herramienta propuesta se reduce en más del 99% el tiempo para generar los comandos mysqlreplicate de configuración comparado con el uso de la herramienta Microsoft Visio 2013. / To model the MySQL replication, the database administrators (DBAs) use diagramming tools, such as Microsoft Visio. However, this type of tools do not allow automatically validating if the MySQL replication model is free of errors. Thus, we can have erroneous documentation of the MySQL replication models. These tools also do not allow automatically generating from the model, the mysqlreplicate commands of configuration. Due to the lack of these features, these are done manually, which becomes a tedious task, error prone, and time consuming, especially if the number of servers MySQL of the model is high, with 15, 20, 25 or more servers. This research proposes the development of the tool MySQL Replication Modeling that allows to the DBA’s modeling the MySQL replication and automatically validate if the model is correct, showing if there are errors. In addition, once the DBA has fixed and validated the model, the tool is capable of generating the mysqlreplicate commands of configuration. The tool was developed following the phases of the Rational Unified Process (RUP) and based on the Model Driven Engineering (MDE) under the Eclipse platform. The results demonstrate that the proposed tool MySQL Replication Modeling allows automatically validate a MySQL replication model, and reduce in more than 87% the time to identify and fix a MySQL replication model with 25 servers compared with the use of the tool Microsoft Visio 2013. The results also demonstrate that with the use of the proposed tool the time to generate the mysqlreplicate commands of configuration is reduced in more than 99% compared with the use of the tool Microsoft Visio 2013. Keywords: MySQL Replication Modeling, Model Driven Engineering, MDE.