SAMMANFATTNING Titel: Ortorexia nervosa- Hälsa som blir ohälsa Institution: Institutionen för hälsa och lärande, Högskolan i Skövde Kurs: Examensarbete i folkhälsovetenskap, 15 högskolepoäng Författare: Bergendahl, Jessica; Östman, Evelina Handledare: Ekberg, Joakim Sidor: 23 Månad och år: 06/2014 Nyckelord: Ortorexia Nervosa, Hälsa, Psykisk ohälsa, Medias påverkan Bakgrund: En ny hälsosam livsstil börjar ofta med en god intention, men ibland kan den hälsosamma livsstilen gå för långt. Ortorexia nervosa var från början tänkt som ett sätt att benämna en grupp patienter med liknande problematik, tills det framkom att detta var något som behövde undersökas närmre. En person med ortorexi är besatt av en hälsosam diet som istället kan bli farlig. Mål: Att beskriva vad ortorexi innebär, vilken sjukdomsstatus den har samt om det finns klara direktiv kring behandling. Metod: Vi har undersökt litteratur, vetenskapliga artiklar samt genomfört intervjuer med personer som har behörig kompetens kring ortorexi. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys har använts. Resultat: Ortorexia nervosa är ingen diagnos. Det är svårt att fastställa exakt vad de utlösande faktorerna är, dock är det troligt att det handlar om ett kontrollbehov. Med hjälp av en extremt hälsosam diet skapas en känsla av att ha kontroll. Media verkar ha stor inverkan. Slutsats: Slutsaten blev att mer forskning krävs inom området för att kunna fastställa vad ortorexia nervosa egentligen är. Ortorexia nervosa anses vara när en person försöker leva för hälsosamt och genom att strikt kontrollera kosten uppstår istället ohälsa. / ABSTRACT Title: Orthorexia Nervosa- Healthy turning unhealthy Department: School of Life Sciences, University of Skövde Course: University Diploma Project in Public Health Science,15 ECTS Author: Bergendahl, Jessica; Östman, Evelina Supervisor: Ekberg, Joakim Pages: 23 Month and year: 06/2014 Keywords: Orthorexia Nervosa, Health, Mental illness, Media influences Background: A healthier way of life often starts out with good intentions, but sometimes people take their healthy lifestyle too far. Orthorexia nervosa was meant to be a description for a group of people with similar problems, until it was clear that there might be more behind it. A person with orthorexia is obsessed with healthy dieting and takes it to the extreme. Aim: To investigate what orthorexia is and if there are clear guidelines about treatment. Method: We have studied literature, scientific articles, and completed interviews with people qualified in the fields of orthorexia. A qualitative study based on a content analysis was performed. Results: Orthorexia nervosa has no status of diagnosis. It is difficult to determine exactly what triggers orthorexia, however, it is likely that it is a need of control. Using an extremely healthy diet creates the feeling of being in control. Media seems to influence this. Conclusion: The conclusion was that more research is needed in order to decide what orthorexia nervosa actually stands for. Orthorexia nervosa is considered when a person tries to live as healthy as possible but by strictly controlling their diet illness occurs.

The purpose of this study is to analyze student attitudes toward various law enforcement figures and to obtain a better understanding of public relations, police effectiveness, and media influences in Northeastern Tennessee. This literature review provided a preliminary analysis of related works to advance the accuracy in conducting and examining future studies. The fields that deserve the most analysis are the underlying dimensions associated with public attitudes about police effectiveness, the media’s impact on public attitudes toward police, and the individual, external, and contextual variables that influence public attitudes toward police.

The purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between exposure to media variables and emerging adults' attitudes toward women and sex. Previous research indicated that exposure to media variables can influence the thoughts, behaviors, and attitudes of those exposed. The current study examined how age at exposure to media variables impacted attitudes about sex and attitudes toward women. Six-hundred and ninety four college students were given a questionnaire containing an attitudes toward women scale, a sexual attitudes scale, and a media viewing questionnaire. ANOVAS and linear regressions were performed on the data and results for the study were significant. Results indicated that age of media exposure impacted sexual attitudes and attitudes toward women.

Though many studies have been conducted on bullying and ways to prevent it, there is still little evidence that bullying has been reduced (Bauman, 2008). Since bullying behaviors have become prevalent, incidences of negative outcomes for students who are bullies and victims have increased, hence more discussion of the topic is taking place at school, home, and in the media (Bauman, 2008; Kaiser & Raminsky, 2001; Salmon, James, & Smith, 1998). This study proposes to learn how students make sense of these multiple messages. Through an Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) (Smith & Osborn, 2003), 8-10 year old students were interviewed through semi-structured interviews, in addition to student drawings and elaborations from the draw-and write-technique (Williams, Wetton, & Moon, 1989). These methods were used to explore student bullying experiences and the process in which they make sense of the education provided to them. The study is framed through Bronfenbrenner’s (1979, 1994) ecological systems theory considering the multiple influences that individuals face through systems and their interactions. Data from the semi-structured interviews and the draw-and-write technique were analyzed through coding according to IPA guidelines, compared, and converged. Results showed that students confuse conflict with bullying, and receive conflicting messages about how bullying should be handled. Students are confused by what is the best reaction to a bullying situation due to conflicting messages from school and home, and the possibility of disappointment or trouble if they do not follow suggestions from one or the other. The media had minimal influence on children of this age in regards to bullying.

Music fits in a larger media culture that can influence the thoughts and beliefs of many people. Specifically, there is an interest in the relationship between music and any influences it may have on political views or orientations. Based on the existing literature, it is hypothesized that there will be a significant correlation between political orientations and involvement in music and political orientations with music genre preferences. It is also hypothesized that there will be a relationship between socioeconomic status and music preferences. Furthermore, it is expected that participants will report a high level of music involvement, considering how accessible music is to many students (Agbo-Quaye & Robertson, 2010; RIAA, 2016). Results indicate that there is a correlation between political orientation and several genres, in addition to demographic variables. Participants reported a high level of music involvement and high usage of music streaming services. Additional analysis indicates that two of the top five genres participants listened to (alternative and religious music) can be a significant predictor of political orientation.

“Girl-on-girl” behaviour is portrayed as sexy, liberating, and edgy in contemporary popular culture, mass media, and public settings such as bars and parties. This study looked at the relation of women’s participation in public same-sex sexual behaviour (PSSSB), age, and sexual orientation (heterosexual versus some degree of same-sex orientation) with the following dependent variables: perceptions of PSSSB pressure, reasons for and feelings after engaging in PSSSB, sexual depression, sexual assertiveness, sexual self-efficacy, sexual locus of control, sexual monitoring, and use of PSSSB to explore sexual orientation. Of the 451 women (ages 19-40) who completed the online questionnaire, 54% reported having engaged in PSSSB. Most participants agreed that young women feel pressured to engage in PSSSB and listed media, popular culture, male friends, and peers as sources of this pressure. Exclusively heterosexual women who had engaged in PSSSB (n=100) reported significantly higher perceived social pressure, more subsequent negative feelings, higher sexual depression, greater external sexual locus of control, lower sexual assertiveness than all other participants, and lower scores on sexual self-efficacy than PSSSB women with same-sex orientations. Emerging adult, but not older heterosexual PSSSB women, had significantly higher sexual compliance scores. Heterosexual and same-sex orientation PSSSB women had the highest rates of sexual monitoring, and although their reasons for engaging in PSSSB were different, a majority of both listed alcohol and exploration as factors that contributed to their public girl-on-girl behaviour. Heterosexual women who had not engaged in PSSSB indicated the lowest rates of sexual exploration. Reasons for these differences are discussed. / Graduate