<p>This analysis deals with the difficulties in translating a medical text from English into Swedish. As primary source, I have used a British textbook about geriatrics called Nursing Older People which is aimed at university students of nursing. The selected chapter is called Person-centred dementia care written by the authors Sue Davies, Barry Aveyard and Ian J. Norman. The translation difficulties have involved terminology and cultural aspects. This analysis shows how these problems were tackled by studying different translation theories, such as Munday (2001) who refers to Koller’s theory about equivalence and Vinay & Darbelnet’s model of direct translation and oblique translation as well as Ingo (2007) who accounts for text sort conventions.</p><p>The terminological problems involved choosing the most appropriate term for describing diagnosis, diseases, body organs and symptoms. There was a wide variety of terms from old Graeco-Latin terms to English terms coined in the 1990s. Other terms were related to the international field of epidemiology as well as the organisation of care for the elderly, based on the Swedish Social Services Act. A suitable choice was possible by considering aspects like frequent usage of field specific words and collocations in parallel texts.</p><p>The cultural aspects involved cultural references such as differences between Sweden and the UK as for national institutions and organisations. The solution was to find a cultural equivalent or, when this was not possible, explain the term in a footnote.</p>

Le nombre de traductions médicales vers l’espagnol est en constante augmentation. Cependant, les traducteurs spécialisés dans ce domaine ne sont pas assez pour pouvoir combler les besoins du marché d’après les différentes enquêtes réalisées ces dernières années par des chercheurs espagnols. Considérant le manque d’études empiriques portant sur l’enseignement-apprentissage de la traduction médicale, ainsi que celui de la traduction spécialisée, nous nous sommes intéressés aux moyens de rapprocher les formations universitaires des conditions actuelles de l’activité professionnelle.Pour cette raison, l’objectif de la présente thèse est d’apporter une contribution à la didactique de la traduction spécialisée, notamment de la traduction médicale français-espagnol, grâce à la création d’une méthode d’enseignement-apprentissage qui permettra le transfert des compétences professionnelles pour les traducteurs listées par le Groupe d’expert EMT (European Master’s in Translation). / The number of medical translations to Spanish is constantly increasing. However, specialized translators in this field are not enough to meet the needs of the market according to the different surveys carried out in recent years by Spanish researchers. Considering the lack of empirical studies on the teaching-learning of medical translation, as well as that of specialized translation, we looked at ways to bring university courses closer to the current conditions of professional activity.For this reason, the purpose of the present thesis is intended to be a contribution to the didactics of specialized translation, especially French-Spanish medical translation, by creating a teaching-learning method that will allow transfer of professional skills for translators listed by the EMT Expert Group (European Master's in Translation).

This analysis deals with the difficulties in translating a medical text from English into Swedish. As primary source, I have used a British textbook about geriatrics called Nursing Older People which is aimed at university students of nursing. The selected chapter is called Person-centred dementia care written by the authors Sue Davies, Barry Aveyard and Ian J. Norman. The translation difficulties have involved terminology and cultural aspects. This analysis shows how these problems were tackled by studying different translation theories, such as Munday (2001) who refers to Koller’s theory about equivalence and Vinay &amp; Darbelnet’s model of direct translation and oblique translation as well as Ingo (2007) who accounts for text sort conventions. The terminological problems involved choosing the most appropriate term for describing diagnosis, diseases, body organs and symptoms. There was a wide variety of terms from old Graeco-Latin terms to English terms coined in the 1990s. Other terms were related to the international field of epidemiology as well as the organisation of care for the elderly, based on the Swedish Social Services Act. A suitable choice was possible by considering aspects like frequent usage of field specific words and collocations in parallel texts. The cultural aspects involved cultural references such as differences between Sweden and the UK as for national institutions and organisations. The solution was to find a cultural equivalent or, when this was not possible, explain the term in a footnote.

This thesis takes up the question of the part played by Syriac sources in the composition of early Arabic translations of the Hippocratic Aphorisms. In it, I compare the four major extant Syriac and Arabic translations of the Aphorisms with continual reference to the content of Syriac lexicons composed by the translator Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq and his students and successors. Through detailed treatments of both the definitions and translations of scores of individual Greek terms found in these sources, as well as through analysis of the translations of the Aphorisms, I weigh the relative importance of Greek and Syriac scholarship for Ḥunayn's translation praxis. In doing so, I specify the value of the Syriac lexicons for the study of Greek-to-Arabic translation while clarifying several outstanding issues in the broader history of Syriac and Arabic medicine.

Submitted by Marlene Aparecida de Souza Cardozo (mcardozo@pucsp.br) on 2016-12-19T14:51:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Janaína Gomes Loureiro de Oliveira.pdf: 1252411 bytes, checksum: 247ef73e02b5d11a71999699d9fabb17 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-19T14:51:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Janaína Gomes Loureiro de Oliveira.pdf: 1252411 bytes, checksum: 247ef73e02b5d11a71999699d9fabb17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this research is to study the problematization of speeches and dialogs in the medic-patient communication. We want to focus on the building of the relationship process based on power and authority, whence, verticalized, between medic and patient. How the information dissemination across the media, to empower the patient, put this authority under discussion and which's their effects in this relationship? Let's look at how changes on the speech of mediatized doctors brings the technical language closer to the non-technical language and a translation work made by an NGO to explain medical terms to children undergoing cancer treatment. We will search for an archeology of the enlargement of medicine and biopolitics importance, in addition to making propositions of possible dialogs that are inserted in a complex and horizontalized relationship. This way, we could study the different connections made at the doctor-patient relationship, at the disease experience. For such, we propose a review of Foucalt, Leão and Morin studies, with respect to the semiotics and communication; Rose, Rabinow, Kumar, Illich and Latour, on the sociological research, and Serson, Edler, Castiel and Caprara, for the medical experience and the relationship with the patients. From an archeological method to the birth of medicine as science and the building of medical authority, based on biopolitics; the cartography of the evolution of the relationship between medic-patient-media; and the translation work made by a NGO, we intend to lay the foundation for the creation of a future method wich could be applied by medics in dealing with their patients / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo estudar a problematização dos discursos e diálogos na comunicação entre paciente e médico. Queremos nos atentar ao processo de construção de uma relação calcada em poder e autoridade, por isso, verticalizada, entre médico e paciente. Como a disseminação da informação por meios de comunicação, ao empoderar os pacientes, põe essa autoridade em discussão e quais os efeitos disso na relação médico-paciente? Vamos observar como a mudança no discurso usada por médicos midiatizados aproxima a linguagem técnica e não-técnica e um trabalho de tradução feito por uma ONG para explicar termos médicos a crianças em tratamento de câncer. Buscaremos fazer uma arqueologia da ampliação da importância da medicina com a biopolítica, além de fazer proposições de possíveis diálogos que estejam inseridos em uma relação complexa e horizontalizada. Dessa forma, podemos estudar os diferentes vínculos criados na relação médico-paciente, na vivência da doença. Para tal, propomos uma revisão dos estudos de Foucault, Leão e Morin no tocante de comunicação e semiótica; de Rose, Rabinow, Kumar, Illich e Latour, na pesquisa sociológica; e de Serson, Edler, Castiel e Caprara, para as vivências médicas e de relação com os pacientes. A partir de um método de arqueologia do nascimento da medicina como ciência e da construção da autoridade médica, baseada na biopolítica; da cartografia da evolução da relação entre médicos-pacientes-mídia; e do trabalho de tradução feito por uma ONG, pretendemos estabelecer as bases para a criação de um futuro método que poderá ser aplicado por médicos no tratar de seus pacientes

El tema de esta investigación es la percepción de la calidad de la traducción por parte de los traductores médicos en el Perú. Para este trabajo, se realizaron entrevistas a doce traductores médicos que trabajan bajo la modalidad freelance con más de cinco años de experiencia en el campo. A partir de las entrevistas, se ha distinguido procedimientos heterogéneos que siguen los traductores médicos, entre los cuales se identifican las exigencias propias de los géneros textuales, así como las del cliente. Además, se ha reconocido una serie de recursos usados por los traductores médicos del Perú, que se englobarían en dos estrategias, la textual y la comercial. Con la identificación de estas estrategias, se pretende encontrar algunos lineamientos en común y particulares para el aseguramiento de la calidad de las traducciones. / This research theme is the perception on translation quality of medical translators in Peru. This is a research of qualitative type, twelve medical translators working as freelance with more than five years of experience in the field were interviewed. From the interviews, it has been identified different procedures that medical translators follow, including requirements belonging to textual genres, as from the client. Moreover, there are series of resources used for medical translators in Peru, which involve two strategies, textual and commercial. Introducing these strategies, the aim is to find some common and diverse guidelines for translations quality assurance. / Trabajo de investigación

La presente investigación busca determinar y explicar la percepción que el personal de laboratorio (patólogos clínicos y tecnólogos médicos) de tres hospitales de Lima tiene acerca de la calidad de los instructivos de pruebas diagnósticas traducidos del inglés al español. Para ello, se realizó un estudio de enfoque mixto (cuantitativo y cualitativo) con el fin de definir la opinión general de los usuarios de tales textos, así como las percepciones disonantes respecto a su experiencia con instructivos traducidos. Para lograrlo, se utilizaron encuestas basadas en la escala de Likert proporcionada que brinde información cuantitativa sobre cuatro variables adaptadas de los rasgos del lenguaje científico identificados por Navarro (Navarro, 2008): claridad, veracidad, precisión terminológica y función textual. Luego, se realizaron entrevistas para profundizar en las motivaciones de las respuestas obtenidas en las encuestas, explorar opiniones contradictorias e identificar estrategias que el personal desarrolla al encontrarse con elementos que consideren extraños en la versión traducida. Frente a estas situaciones, el personal de laboratorio desarrolla estrategias para poder corregir en la práctica los elementos que afecten la calidad de las traducciones. Los datos cualitativos dieron a conocer dos tipos de estrategias: individuales y sociales; el tipo de estrategia elegido se relaciona con el nivel de experiencia de los patólogos y tecnólogos. La experiencia demuestra ser un factor definitivo en el uso y evaluación de las traducciones. La investigación contribuye al reconocimiento del usuario final especializado como potencial evaluador de la calidad en el proceso de traducción y al retroalimentar la traducción como producto. / This research seeks to identify and explain the perception that medical laboratory professionals (clinical pathologists and medical technologists) of three Lima hospitals have concerning the quality of laboratory test's user manuals translated from English into Spanish. For this purpose, a study with a mixed approach (quantitative and qualitative) was carried out to characterize the users' general opinion and the differing perceptions regarding their experience with translated user manuals. Surveys based on the 5-point balanced Likert scale provided quantitative information on four variables adapted from Navarro's characteristics of scientific language (Navarro, 2008): clarity, accuracy, terminological precision and textual function. Afterwards, interviews were held to delve into the rationale behind the survey’s answers, to explore conflicting opinions, and to identify strategies developed by the personnel when facing unfamiliar elements in the translation. In response, the laboratory professionals developed strategies to address the elements affecting translation quality during their practice. The qualitative data revealed two types of strategies: individual and social; the type chosen is related to the level of experience of pathologists and technologists. Experience proves to be a major factor in the use and evaluation of translations. This research contributes to the acknowledgement of specialized end users as potential quality evaluators during the translation process and by providing feedback on the translation product. / Trabajo de investigación

Работа посвящена созданию англо-русского частотного словаря стоматологических терминов на базе корпуса текстов с применением метода лемматизации. Теоретическая часть исследования, содержащая информацию об особенностях составления частотных словарей, подробный анализ терминосистемы в сфере стоматологии и её перевода, послужила базой для практической работы. Благодаря лемматизации и последующей ручной работы в частотный словарь попала только специализированная лексика в сфере стоматологии, что способствовало сокращению объёма частотного словаря и повышению его качества. / The paper is devoted to the development of an English-Russian frequency dictionary of dental terms using the lemmatization method based on the corpus of texts developed in the Sketch Engine program. The theoretical part containing information about the peculiarities of compiling frequency dictionaries, a detailed analysis of the dental terminology and its translation served as the basis for the practical work. Applying the method of lemmatization, we included only dental terminology in the frequency dictionary, without taking into account the commonly used vocabulary, which contributed to reducing the volume of the frequency dictionary and improving its quality.