Bakgrund: Ett hjärtstopp är ett ytterst allvarligt tillstånd som påverkar inte bara patienten själv utan hela familjen, speciellt en nära anhörig. Patienten svävar mellan liv och död, och om patienten överlever är det ofta med mer eller mindre bestående men. Vid patientens sida finns de anhöriga som vill vara nära, hjälpa och stöda sin närstående samtidigt som det också kan vara en mycket svår situation för dem. Syfte: Syftet med den här kvalitativa litteraturstudien var att belysa anhörigas upplevelser av en närståendes hjärtstopp, för att i framtiden bättre kunna tillmötesgå dem inom vården. Metod: En kvalitativ sammanfattande litteraturstudie baserad på åtta vetenskapliga artiklar som hade studerat anhörigas upplevelser under själva hjärtstoppet, på intensiv-vårdsavdelningen eller efter hemkomst. Resultat: Hjärtstoppet var en kaotisk och traumatisk upplevelse för den anhöriga. Patienten var viktigast, all fokus var på patienten men det lämnade ofta den anhöriga ensam med den oro och rädsla situationen framkallat. Tillgång till kontinuerlig information och professionellt bemötande var ytterst viktigt för den anhöriga. Möjligheten att få vara nära närstående dygnet runt ingav säkerhet och trygghet. Brist på information och uppföljning efter utskrivning och en känsla av att vara ensam med allt ansvar var återkommande teman. Slutsats: Att som anhörig vara nära vid ett hjärtstopp var en stark existentiell upplevelse där alla aspekter av delaktighet fanns beskrivna; att veta, att göra och att vara. För bästa resultat, ett delaktigt vårdande i ljuset, krävs en samverkan mellan den vårdande personalen, patient och anhörig. Mer stöd och uppmärksamhet bör i framtiden riktas även mot den anhöriga. / Background: Sudden cardiac arrest is a life threatening condition, not only affecting the patient but the whole family. The patient’s life is on hold and if the patient survives, this is often with more or less physical and psychological complications. Close to the patient a family member or relative, tries to support and help the patient while at the same time the situation may be extremely stressful for the relative. Aim: The aim of this qualitative literature review was to get a better understanding of family members lived experiences during a loved one’s sudden cardiac arrest, in order to better also support the relatives in healthcare. Method: A summary of the literature based on eight qualitative studies on the perceptions of family members experiences of a sudden cardiac arrest by a loved one; during the cardiac arrest, at the intensive care unit and after discharge from hospital. Results: The cardiac arrest was experienced as a chaotic and traumatic event by the relative. The patient was the most important person at the moment but at the same time it left the relative alone with her feelings of anxiety and fear that the situation induced. Receiving information continuously about their next of kin’s condition as well as a considerate and professional encounter with the intensive care unit staff was important for the relative. The possibility to stay with the patient at the intensive care unit felt comforting, reassuring and safe. Lack of information and follow up, as well as a feeling of being alone with the responsibility, was a common theme after discharge from the hospital. Conclusion: To be present during the next of kin’s cardiac arrest was a strong existential experience where all aspects of involvement and participation were described; to know, to do and to be. For best results, an involving care in the light, collaboration between the professional care, the patient and the family member is needed. More support and attention should be given to family members in the future.

Pas de résumé / Doctorat en droit / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the evolution of EU member states' power, the EU's capability to act (efficiency), and the proportionality of the voting system in the Council of Ministers from the treaties of Rome in 1958 till the Treaty of Lisbon in 2009 and beyond, using a wide range of alternative power indices. Moreover, it considers explicitly the relevance of additional legal provisions (such as the 'Luxembourg Compromise', the 'Demographic Clause', and the 'Ioannina Compromise') and the implications of novel, more recently introduced voting rules such as reverse qualified majority voting. (authors' abstract) / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

This diploma thesis deals with the institute of the membership of a legal entity performing the office of a governing body's member of a limited company. Since the New Civil Code and the Law on Commercial Corporations have entered into force, this very institute was given formed, however not full-range, legal framework. The thesis is divided into seven chapters. The opening part outlines the basic issues of the thesis, linked to the conception of a legal entity due to the theory of fiction. The second chapter is dedicated to the conditions that have to be fulfilled by the legal entity as well as its representative for the performance of the office of a governing body of a limited company. The third chapter analyses in detail the way of the representation of the legal entity performing the office of a governing body's member, with regard to the disputable questions in particular, such as the scope of a representative's competence, substitute representation and the matter of the joint statutory body. Within the fourth chapter, the attention is paid to responsibilities linked to the performance of the office by a legal entity, especially to the duty to perform such office with the duty of care, as well as the matter of the conflict of interests. The fifth chapter is dedicated to the particular types...

01 Abstract: Concurrence of the office of governing body and employment relationship The principal objective of this thesis is to analyse and collectively process issue of concurrence of the office of governing body and employment relationship. The aim of this thesis is to analyse this issue from the current legislation, jurisprudence and also from expert discussion point of view. At the same time, the thesis seeks to deal with the diversity of views and approaches to the issue. The thesis consist of four chapters, which do correspond to the main goals of the thesis, as stipulated in the Introduction. Chapter one deals with the theoretical background. There are defined basic terms such as agreement on the performance of a position or employment relationship, necessary for this thesis. Chapter two analyses the historical development of this issue, focusing not only on legislation, but also on jurisprudence. The first subchapter covers the period from 1 January 1993 to 31 December 2011, as the first examined historical period. The second subchapter examines the brief period from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2013, which is considered the only period when the concurrence of the office were explicitly allowed. The third chapter attempts to introduce foreign legislation of concurrence of the office of governing...

Abstract Title: Coach, vän eller både och? – en kvalitativ studie om coachning inom arbetslivet Authors: Jonas Näslund & David Öhrling Tutors: Ulla Moberg & Larsåke Larsson Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to examine how coaching in working life serves, aiming to find what influences the interaction between coach and client. To seek to answer the purpose we raised a number of research questions which discussed, among other the coach's intentions and the parties' relationship. Theories This thesis is based on a number of different theories, where the Leader-member Exchange Theory is considered the main theory. LMX is used when studying the relationship between a manager and an employee. Other theories used in this thesis are for example the Social exchange theory and one-on-one-coaching. Method The methods used in this thesis are semi-structured interviews, observations and recordings of coaching sessions. The interviews were conducted before and after three different coaching sessions. The participants were one coach and three clients, who all work at Tele Coaching, a company which offers manager and employee coaching. The recordings were transcribed and analyzed using a content analysis. Results The result shows that there is a difficult balance between the coach’s role as an expert and as a colleague and friend. How well the coach manages to handle this balance is crucial for the outcome of the coaching session. A strong relationship between coach and client can affect the coach’s possibilities to communicate a message to the client. The coach may withhold feedback, which he or she normally wouldn’t, in fear of damaging the relationship. Another risk is that the client doesn’t see the coach as an authoritarian. To prevent these risks we suggest that an external coach should be used when possible. Keywords Coaching, Leader-member Exchange theory, Qualitative interviews, Relationship, Coach, Client, Positioning, Communication.

Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS) / The Constituency Development Fund (CDF) is a type of decentralised government funding that is supposed to deliver goods and services directly to constituents by providing additional funds for local community development, outside line ministries. It is predominantly a developing country policy that is intended to meet the immediate social needs of local communities. In countries where it is operational, CDF is appropriated by Parliament within a country’s national budget. CDF in Zambia was introduced in 1995 for the implementation of community based projects which would in the long term improve the socio-economic wellbeing of the constituents. The stated objective of the CDF in Zambia is to provide Members of Parliament and their constituent communities with the opportunity to make choices and implement (MPs) projects that maximise their welfare in line with their needs and preferences. However, questions have been raised over whether CDF actually represents efforts to spur local development and consequently national development, or whether it is primarily a political project aimed at benefitting MPs by providing them with the resources to help them gain popularity with the electorate. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of CDF as a tool for community development. This has been done through a case study of Katuba Constituency in the Central Province of Zambia, using qualitative research methods. The study seeks to gain insight into of the impact of CDF projects in relation to the goals espoused by the CDF as laid down in Zambia’s Guidelines for the Utilisation and Management of the Constituency Development Fund.

The subject of the thesis is the integration of financial markets of the new member states of the European Union (hereinafter referred to as the NMS). According to the standard economic theory, the process of financial integration should be associated with several positive effects, among others a) the enforcement of the law of one price in the form of the interest rate parity, b) the smoothening and the synchronisation of the consumption growth among countries, c) the increased diversification of investors portfolios, and d) the decreased dependence of domestic investments on national savings. These envisaged effects serve in the thesis as the indicators of the integration of NMS financial markets with the global financial market. These indicators show that the degree of the financial integration differs among the NMS, despite the fact that they all went through the process of integration with the EU. However, the order of the NMS based on the degree of their financial markets integration could not have been determined as each test indicated a different order. However, most tests indicated that there is a trend towards more integration of the NMS financial markets as the dependence of the domestic consumption growth on the global consumption growth has been increasing and the dependence of domestic investments on national savings has been decreasing. Surprisingly, the indicators did not prove the hypothesis that NMS financial markets are more integrated with the financial market of the EU, despite the fact that these countries had to open their markets to investors from the EU and had to harmonize their legislative requirements. Contrary to the results of previous articles, indicators used in the thesis show that majority of the analysed puzzles in international economics disappeared for large developed markets like the USA. On the other hand, these puzzles persisted for the NMS. Given that majority of the NMS adopted euro during the period under investigation, results presented above indicate that the financial markets of the NMS were not fully integrated with the financial market of the EU and therefore one of the conditions for the existence of the optimum currency area has not been met. Such result also contradicts the hypothesis of the endogeneity of the optimum currency area as the adoption of the common currency did not improve the degree of financial market integration.

My master thesis deals with the position of members of the board of directors in a joint-stock company. The focus of this thesis is to deliver a complete overview of information on members of the board of directors of a joint-stock company and other aspects related to the performance of this function. The entire thesis is divided into six chapters, where the first chapter deals with the board of directors and its role in a company. Followed by a chapter on a sole fuctioning of a member of the board of directors. Subsequently the thesis deals with the agreement on performance, which steadily continues in the definition of rights and duties of members of the board of directors. Significant part of this work is dedicated to the sphere of action of the board of directors and the responsibility of its members.

Study region: The Cordoriri watershed and vicinity in the Cordillera Real, Bolivia, South America Study focus: Recent warming has contributed to substantial reductions in glaciers in many regions around the globe. Melting of these glaciers alters the timing and magnitude of streamflows and diminishes water resources accumulated in past climates. These changes are especially acute in regions with small glaciers and problematic for populations relying on surface water. In Bolivia, most glaciers are less than 0.5 km(2) and about 2 million people draw water in part from glacier-fed watersheds. Sparse monitoring, however, has limited estimates of glacial meltwater contributions. The use of environmental tracers is one approach that can quantify the contributions of glaciers. We present isotopic and anion data for streams, reservoirs, arroyos, precipitation, and glaciers for the wet and dry seasons in 2010, 2011, and 2012. New hydrological insights for the region: Glacier meltwater data shows distinct seasonal isotopic values, presenting opportunities for end-member mixing analyses. From isotopes, we estimate 31-65% of the water measured in high altitude streams and reservoirs during the 2011 wet season originated from melting of ice and recent snow, while glacier ice contributed 39-71% of the water in reservoirs in the 2012 dry season. This study demonstrates that more comprehensive sampling in the region could quantify the contributions of glacial meltwater and nonglacial sources to surface water supplies. (C) 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.