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黃春艷. / "2013年9月". / "2013 nian 9 yue". / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 180-196). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Huang Chunyan.

Clothing is the primary means that wilderness backpackers have to protect themselves from injuries and illnesses that can occur while hiking in the cold. The current method of layering clothing may not meet backpackers' needs for both thermal insulation and heat dissipation, particularly in areas of the body that produce greater sweat, and during times of high physical exertion. No previous studies have addressed backpackers' needs for thermal and moisture comfort in different body areas within a single layer garment. The purpose of this study was to design and evaluate a single-layer garment of different textiles, to improve the physiological comfort of male backpackers hiking in cold winter weather conditions. The objectives of this study were to identify the physiological comfort needs of male backpackers hiking in the cold, to design a prototype backpacking shirt to improve comfort, and to evaluate the comfort and performance of the prototype over time, in comparison to a control. Male backpackers were recruited from a wilderness therapy company in Bend, Oregon, where subjects' employment duties included regularly backpacking in the cold. Qualitative data was collected by interviewing the subjects about their physiological comfort needs, types of garments and materials worn, dissatisfactions and preferences with hiking clothing, and locations on the body that need better attention to thermal and moisture comfort. Information provided by the qualitative interviews was used to develop design criteria. From the guarded hot plate and moisture management testing, results were used to select one thermal insulation, moisture management, and control fabric for the garment design. Based on the design criteria, a prototype shirt was developed. A prototype garment was constructed using the combination of the thermal, moisture, and control fabrics; while a control garment was constructed in an identical style using only the control fabric. The prototype and control garments were worn and tested by subjects while they backpacked. Additionally, comparisons of thermal insulation data between the prototype and control garment were collected on a thermal manikin. Major findings from the qualitative interviews were that subjects preferred base layer shirts made with synthetic fibers and style features that helped retain body heat. Subjects preferred to have greater thermal insulation in the chest and the arms, and less thermal insulation in the underarms and upper back area. Additionally, subjects were concerned about durability. A polyester fleece pile-knit was selected for the thermal insulation fabric and located in the arms and chest of the prototype. The moisture management fabric selected was a polyester fiber mesh knit fabric and was located in the upper back, underarms, and side seams of the garment. The control fabric was a brushed polyester double knit fabric and was located in all other body areas of the prototype and in the entire control garment. The wear test data indicated that both the control and prototype garments were perceived to be comfortable. The prototype had slightly better overall comfort than the control, and there were significant differences found between the prototype and the control in the areas of overall comfort, combined thermal comfort, and combined moisture comfort. The prototype did not consistently have better comfort performance than the control in each trial and for each subject. It was found that the prototype and control shirts could be worn without additional layers when the temperatures were above 35 ��F and 40 ��F, respectively. Thermal manikin testing results confirmed that the overall thermal insulation of both test shirts was equal, but that the prototype had greater or less thermal insulation than the control in specific body areas, depending on the placement of the thermal insulation or moisture management fabric. In summary, the prototype shirt designed in this study has accomplished the goal of providing backpackers' physiological comfort needs identified in the qualitative interviews.�� The design prototype, when worn alone, is able to keep backpackers comfortable when hiking in cold conditions, particularly in temperatures above 35��F. Although not intended to be worn as part of a layer system, the prototype also keeps backpackers comfortable when they are wearing multiple clothing layers. The use of different fabrics in different body areas satisfies the backpackers' needs of both retaining and dissipating body heat with changes in physical activity. Although both the prototype and the control shirts were found to have good thermal, moisture, and overall comfort, the prototype had slightly higher overall comfort ratings than the control.�� In addition, both the prototype and the control were perceived to be better than the subjects' own base layer shirts, and all subjects were willing to recommend the shirts to other hikers. / Graduation date: 2013

This is an in-depth analysis of competing cultural ideas at a pivotal time in Japanese history through study of masculinity and identity. Through diaries, newspaper articles, and illustrations found in popular periodicals of the Meiji period, it is evident that there were two major groups who espoused very different sets of ideals competing for the favor of the masses and the control of Japanese progress in the modern world. Manner of dress, comportment, hygiene, and various other parts of outward appearance signified the mentality and ideology of the person in question. One group espoused traditional Japanese ideas of masculinity and dress while another advocated embracing Western dress and culture. This, in turn, explained their opinions on the direction they believed Japan should take. Throughout the Meiji period (1868-1912), the two ideas grew and competed for supremacy until the late Meiji period when they merged to form a traditional-minded modernity. / Department of History

This study investigated the perceptions of administrators of the YMCA and municipal recreation departments in the state of Texas concerning their cooperative relationship in the use of areas and facilities, personnel management, and program planning. A questionnaire was used to obtain their perceptions. Of the 140 questionnaires mailed, ninety-two were returned that were able to be utilized in the study. Their responses were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The findings revealed a general agreement concerning the lack of cooperation between them. This wat evidenced in that they "never" or "seldom" communicated, consulted with the other, initiated joint sponsorship of programs, or cooperated in the three specified areas of recreational programming.

Sweden like other Nordic countries are cited as models in terms of gender equality in the world. In addition, they played a significant role in the process of changing the Declaration on eradication of discrimination against women (CEDAW) into a binding Convention. However, the report Captured Queen on men’s violence against women published by Brottsoffer-myndigheten (The Crime Victim Compensation and Support Authority) in 2001 showed the extend of this issue of society in Sweden. The purpose of this thesis is to explore how the situation of men’s violence against women in close relationships in Sweden is presented today since the publication of the report Captured Queen in 2001.The theoretical framework consists of the feminist perspectives and concept of hegemonic masculinities. Qualitative method and secondary materials were used to gain a deeper understanding of the issue of men’s violence against women in close relationships in Sweden. The main findings of this thesis show that men’s violence against women in close relationships is a real social problem in Sweden. There is no specific profile of violent men against women in Sweden, since they come from all social classes, backgrounds and of all ages. Men’s violence against women can be explained by the result of inequalities between men and women in social structures. It is this social and collective domination of women by men that facilitate the individual domination of a man over his partner. Therefore, factors such as alcohol consumption cannot be the determinant cause of men’s violence against women. Nonetheless, alcohol consumption constitutes a factor that can promote or increase the likelihood of violence. The latest Swedish sexual assault legislation based on consent entered in force the first July 2018 cannot significantly reduce the extent of this social phenomenon, since social structures in Sweden are based on patriarchal considerations where men dominate over women.

Typewritten sheets in cover. Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University This item was digitized by the Internet Archive. Bibliography: 10 p. at end.

Introdução: As representações coletivas que alicerçam os ideais de masculinidade hegemônica distanciaram os homens heterossexualmente ativos das respostas à epidemia de HIV ao longo das últimas décadas, o que resultou no aumento da vulnerabilidade desses indivíduos em diversos países do mundo, inclusive no Brasil. Entretanto, a partir do paradigma da prevenção combinada, a Profilaxia Pós-exposição Sexual (PEPsexual), bem como outros métodos baseados no uso de antirretrovirais, torna possível novas formas de gerir os riscos de infecção pelo HIV, ao mesmo tempo em que traz novas questões a serem enfrentadas. Objetivos: O objetivo desta pesquisa é caracterizar os homens heterossexualmente ativos e seus comportamentos sexuais, considerando risco e prevenção à infecção pelo HIV, e explorar os significados atribuídos ao risco de contrair HIV e às formas de gerenciamento de risco entre homens heterossexualmente ativos que buscaram a PEPsexual em serviços em cinco cidades brasileiras. Metodologia: O perfil e o comportamento dos homens foram descritos utilizando a abordagem quantitativa, com dados obtidos das consultas iniciais de PEPsexual registradas em prontuários clínicos. Foram analisados todos os homens atendidos nos serviços nos anos de 2014 e 2015, sendo realizada análise descritiva. O significado do risco e o gerenciamento das vivências foram analisados utilizando a abordagem qualitativa, por meio de entrevistas em profundidade (16) com usuários dos serviços, com foco na situação que levou ao uso do método, bem como as experiências com o uso da PEPsexual. Para a análise dos dados empíricos empregou-se o método de interpretação de sentidos, de acordo com os princípios hermenêuticos-dialéticos. Resultados: Com base nas características descritas no eixo quantitativo, os participantes são, em sua maioria, adultos jovens, com idade média de 31 anos, altamente escolarizados, brancos e sem uso prévio da PEPsexual. A maioria das exposições aconteceu com parceria casual. O uso da camisinha foi mencionado pela maioria dos participantes, no entanto, a falha do preservativo foi o principal motivo pela busca da profilaxia. A maioria dos usuários relatou não conhecer a sorologia da parceria envolvida na exposição sexual, além disso as frequências de testagem sorológica para HIV, Hepatites B e C, Sífilis e Anti-HBs anteriores ao episódio da exposição sexual foram baixas. A análise dos dados qualitativos mostra que a camisinha é o principal e mais acessado método de prevenção à infecção pelo HIV, mas sua efetiva utilização foi condicionada a diversos fatores subjetivos e contextuais. As relações sexuais com parceria estável oferecem maior sensação de proteção, enquanto que a percepção de risco aumenta quando as relações são com parcerias casuais ou em ambientes associados às populações mais vulneráveis à infecção, como profissionais do sexo ou casas de swing. Evitar ou reduzir, ao máximo, o número de relacionamentos extraconjugais, utilizar mais consistentemente o preservativo e buscar informações especializadas emergiram como estratégias amplamente utilizadas pelos participantes. A PEPsexual consistiu numa oportunidade de reflexão acerca da forma de pensar e fazer prevenção não só ao HIV, mas também às outras ISTs. O estigma relacionado ao uso de antirretrovirais e a necessidade de esconder a medicação dos amigos e familiares foram elementos disparadores de autorreflexão acerca das vulnerabilidades pessoais frente à epidemia. Os participantes que planejaram ações concretas e detalhadas de prevenção após uso da PEPsexual foram também aqueles que relataram maior autopercepção do risco individual. Conclusão: As características dos usuários PEPsexual nos cinco serviços investigados revelam que os homens heterossexualmente ativos brancos, altamente escolarizados e jovens são maioria entre aqueles que buscam a profilaxia. No entanto, grande esforço deve ser direcionado às ações de prevenção à infecção pelo HIV entre diferentes segmentos dos homens heterossexualmente ativos, considerando os marcadores sociais de classe, cor, raça e geração. Os ideais de masculinidade hegemônica permearam os discursos de percepção e gerenciamento de risco à infecção pelo vírus. Ações de sensibilização devem ser direcionadas para que tais padrões de masculinidade sejam ressignificados a fim de diminuir a vulnerabilidade dos homens em geral e, mais especificamente, entre os segmentos dos heterossexuais / Introduction: The collective representations that support the ideals of hegemonic masculinity have distanced the heterosexually active men from the responses to the HIV epidemic over the last decades, which has resulted in the increased vulnerability of these individuals in several countries around the world, including Brazil. However, from the new prevention paradigm, Sexual Post-exposure Prophylaxis (PEPsexual), as well as other methods based on the use of antiretrovirals, make possible new ways of managing the risks of HIV infection, while bringing new issues to be addressed. Objectives: The objective of this research is to characterise heterosexually active men and their sexual behaviours, regarding risk and prevention of HIV infection, and to explore the meanings attributed to the risk of contracting HIV and the forms of risk management among heterosexually active men who sought PEPsexual in services in five Brazilian cities. Methodology: The profile and behaviour of the men were described using the quantitative procedure, with data obtained from the initial consultations of sexual PEPs documented in clinical reports. All the records from the men who have searched the services in the years 2014 and 2015 were analysed, and a descriptive analysis was performed. The meaning of risk and the management of the experiences were interpreted using the qualitative approach, through in-depth interviews (16) with users of the services, focusing on the situation that led to the use of the method, as well as the experiences with the use of PEPsexual. For the analysis of the empirical data, the sense interpretation approach was used, according to the hermeneutic-dialectic principles. Results: Based on the characteristics described in the quantitative component, the participants are mostly young adults, with a mean age of 31 years, highly educated, white and without previous use of PEPsexual. Most of the sexual HIV risk behaviours happened with a casual partnership. The use of condoms was mentioned by most of the participants; however, condom failure was the main reason for searching the PEPsexual prophylaxis. Most participants reported not knowing the serology of the partner involved in the sexual encounter and the frequency of serological testing for HIV, Hepatitis B and C, Syphilis and Anti-HBs before the episode of sexual exposure was low. The analysis of qualitative data shows that condoms are the main and most widely used method of HIV prevention, but their effective use has been conditioned by diverse subjective and contextual factors. Stable sexual relations offer a greater sense of protection, while the perception of risk increases when the relationships are with casual partnerships or in environments associated with populations most vulnerable to HIV infection, such as sex workers or swing houses. Avoiding or minimizing the number of extramarital relationships, using condoms more consistently, and seeking specialized information emerged as strategies widely used by participants. PEPsexual consisted of an opportunity for thinking on how to prevent not only HIV but also other STIs. The stigma related to the use of antiretrovirals and the need to hide medication from friends and relatives were self-reflexive triggers about personal vulnerability to the epidemic. Participants who planned concrete and detailed prevention actions after using PEPsexual were also those who reported greater self-perception of individual risk. Conclusion: The characteristics of PEPsexual users in the five services studied reveal that heterosexually active white man, highly educated and young are the majority among those who seek PEPsexual prophylaxis; however, great effort should be focused on actions to prevent HIV infection among different segments of heterosexually active men, regarding the social markers of class, colour, race and generation. The ideals of hegemonic masculinity permeated perceptions and risk management discourses to HIV infection. Preventive actions should be undertaken to replace such masculinity patterns in order to reduce the vulnerability of men in general and, more specifically, among heterosexual segments

Submitted by Fabricia Fialho Reginato (fabriciar) on 2015-07-16T23:34:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Orival.pdf: 645242 bytes, checksum: 62290cae90b8b5d67e71eb0ef73340be (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-16T23:34:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Orival.pdf: 645242 bytes, checksum: 62290cae90b8b5d67e71eb0ef73340be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-14 / Nenhuma / O presente estudo teve como objetivo a implantação do gerenciamento dos cuidados de enfermagem na comunidade João Paulo II da Província do Brasil Meridional (BRM), localizada em Florianópolis/SC, como unidade piloto do estudo. Descreve-se características demográficas, clínicas e de saúde, identificando as necessidades de saúde, sistematizando os cuidados prestados à saúde e construindo um fluxograma dos acompanhamentos clínicos desta comunidade. Caracteriza-se como um estudo de intervenção, com enfoque quantitativo. Trata-se de uma comunidade de 13 religiosos jesuítas, com idades variadas e atividades laborativas diversificadas. O gerenciamento das ações de enfermagem implantadas centraliza-se no Instituto São José, Casa de Saúde dos jesuítas da BRM em São Leopoldo/RS. A idade variou de 33 a 82 anos, quanto à procedência, a maioria são descendentes do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Na escolaridade, aparece o ensino superior com maior evidência. Em relação à categoria religiosa, tiveram-se Padres, Irmãos e Escolásticos, com ocupações diversificadas, de acordo com a categoria religiosa e missão recebida. O fato de serem proprietários da instituição, faz com que a jornada de trabalho seja máxima estabelecida por lei. Outro ponto pesquisado foi o lazer, esse aparece entre todos de forma variada. Nos dados clínicos, no que se refere ao Índice Massa Corporal (IMC) e a Mini Avaliação Nutricional (MAN), foram encontrados jesuítas, abaixo do peso, risco de desnutrição, desnutridos, com sobrepeso e obesos. Também apareceu o hábito de fumar e de ingerir álcool. . Poucos realizaram a prática de atividade física. Os diagnósticos clínicos que mais apareceram foi de HAS e DM2. A maioria não tem médico assistente e não realizam exames médicos periodicamente. Nenhum dos pesquisados possuem o esquema vacinal de forma completa e atualizada. No uso das redes de apoio em saúde, à procura ocorre entre os postos de saúde, farmácias, centro de exames diagnósticos e radiológicos e clinica de fisioterapia. As medicações são gerenciadas pelos próprios sujeitos pesquisados e prescritas de acordo com os diagnósticos clínicos. Na auto percepção em saúde, a avaliação ficou entre “boa” e “muito boa”, o que leva a crer, que todos tem uma percepção positiva de sua saúde. A espiritualidade dos jesuítas, demonstrou que, há uma relação intima entre o transcendente e o imanente. De acordo com as situações de saúde dos Jesuítas, enumeraram-se diagnósticos de enfermagem e intervenções de acordo com a taxonomia da Classificação Internacional das Práticas de Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva (CIPESC), permitindo elaborar um plano de cuidados de enfermagem para a comunidade João Paulo II e outro de caráter individual. Esse plano de cuidados deve ser acompanhado periodicamente pelo enfermeiro, através de um fluxograma. Outras situações encontradas como, não realizar exames médicos periódicos; não possuir médico assistente; não usufruir de redes de apoio, não ter orientações sobre espiritualidade e o uso de medicações, não são contemplados com os diagnósticos e intervenções da CIPESC. Espera-se, com essas intervenções, facilitar a elaboração de um instrumento para uma boa gestão em saúde dos Jesuítas das demais residências da Província BRM. / The present study aimed to the implementation of management of nursing care in the community John Paul II the Province of Southern Brazil (BRM), located in Florianópolis / SC as pilot plan study. Describes the demographic, clinical and health by identifying health needs, streamlining the health care and building a flowchart of clinical accompaniments of this community. Characterized as an intervention study with quantitative approach. It is a community of 13 Jesuits, of varying ages and diverse work activities. The management of nursing actions implemented focuses on the Institute of St. Joseph, Jesuit House Health of BRM in São Leopoldo / RS. The age ranged from 33 to 82 years, on the merits, the majority are descendants of the state of Rio Grande do Sul The members have higher education appears more clearly. Regarding the religious category, had to priests, brothers and scholastics, with diverse occupations, according to the religious category and mission received. The fact that they are owners of the institution, makes the workday is maximum established by law. Another point was researched leisure, this appears among all so varied. Clinical data in relation to Body Mass Index (BMI) and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), were found jesuits, underweight, risk of malnutrition, undernourished, overweight and obese. Also appeared in the habit of smoking and drinking alcohol. . Few realized the physical activity. Clinical diagnoses that appeared was more hypertension and T2DM. Most have no doctor and do not conduct medical examinations periodically. None of the respondents have the vaccination schedule so complete and updated. The use of support networks in health, looking occurs between health centers, pharmacies, examination center and radiological diagnostics and physiotherapy clinic. Medications are managed by the subjects researched and prescribed according to clinical diagnoses. In self-perception in health assessment was between "good" and "very good", which leads us to believe that everyone has a positive perception of their health. The spirituality of the Jesuits, has shown that there is an intimate relationship between the transcendent and the imminent. According to the health situation of the Jesuits, were listed nursing diagnoses and interventions according to the taxonomy of the International Classification of Nursing Practice in Public Health (CIPESC), allowing a plan of nursing care to the community John Paul II and another individual character. This care plan must be monitored periodically by a nurse, via a flowchart. Other conditions as found, do not perform periodic medical examinations; has no doctor, do not take advantage of support networks, not guidelines on spirituality and the use of medications, are not included with the diagnoses and interventions CIPESC. It is expected, with these interventions, facilitate the development of an instrument for good health management Jesuit Province of the other residences BRM.