<p>Today we live in a more or less globalized society where borders do not pose the same obstacle as before. This is why it is interesting to examine whether different countries have similar views on how to communicate with a specific audience</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this thesis is to use the data gathered to inform businesses with information. The information can then be used to assist companies when it comes to advertising, the design of messages and the choice of media channels when communicating with people born during the 80’s. Furthermore, the investigation intends to find out if there really is a global market for people born during the 80’s.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> The authors believe that a purely quantitative or qualitative approach is not appropriate. For this reason a combination of these two approaches is used in order solve the problem.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>When communicating to people born during the 80’s the messages should be simple and quick and the arguments used should be more of the holistic kind. When it comes to the choice of media channels the Internet and its tools are the obvious choices of today. The key is to capture the target group directly and also to engage the audience in question. There is a suggestion that it is a global market for people born during the 80’s and that communication can be standardized. The authors cannot confirm with certainty that it is indeed a global market since the spread of respondents cannot be considered to be exhaustive. However, the authors argue that Europe and North America have similar ideas when it comes to message and choice of channels when communication is intended for consumers born during the'80s.</p>

Title: Advertising message and Customer Satisfaction A case of Lidl Sweden Problem: “Are the customers satisfied when they compare marketing message with services provided by Lidl grocery store?” Purpose: We aim to analyze the satisfaction level of customers at Lidl store and how effective messages delivered in the advertisement. Method: We used a primary research through the interviews of the managers in Lidl, and a survey questionnaire by the customers. We also used the secondary data from the website of Lidl and some qualitative information from textbooks and different sources. Conclusion: After the research, we conclude that the advertising messages of Lidl is clear and most of the customers feel satisfied with price and the quality of Lidl’s products. However, about the non-food products, the customers do not feel so pleasant and they do not have much knowledge about after sale services.

Today we live in a more or less globalized society where borders do not pose the same obstacle as before. This is why it is interesting to examine whether different countries have similar views on how to communicate with a specific audience Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to use the data gathered to inform businesses with information. The information can then be used to assist companies when it comes to advertising, the design of messages and the choice of media channels when communicating with people born during the 80’s. Furthermore, the investigation intends to find out if there really is a global market for people born during the 80’s. Method: The authors believe that a purely quantitative or qualitative approach is not appropriate. For this reason a combination of these two approaches is used in order solve the problem. Conclusions: When communicating to people born during the 80’s the messages should be simple and quick and the arguments used should be more of the holistic kind. When it comes to the choice of media channels the Internet and its tools are the obvious choices of today. The key is to capture the target group directly and also to engage the audience in question. There is a suggestion that it is a global market for people born during the 80’s and that communication can be standardized. The authors cannot confirm with certainty that it is indeed a global market since the spread of respondents cannot be considered to be exhaustive. However, the authors argue that Europe and North America have similar ideas when it comes to message and choice of channels when communication is intended for consumers born during the'80s.

In this article we ask if central values which people were in dialogue with in the memorial messages from Oslo Cathedral Square in the aftermath of July 22 nd 2011, may be seen as a part of Norwegian cultural memory, and if so, how. We answer this question in the affirmative, by elaborating on presentations of the Norwegian flag as a symbol of the values unity and solidarity, and on presentations of love and roses as weapons promoting the values love, humanity and calmness. In our discussion we have drawn on theory of cultural memory and suggested that the use of the Norwegian flag in the messages may be understood in the frame of Assmann’s term "canon", representing the active part of cultural remembrance, and that the message from the use of roses and hearts may be understood in the frame of the term "archive", representing the passive part of remembrance.

Inductive reasoning (IR) requires efficient working memory (WM). Research shows that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved during WM tasks and that PFC functioning declines with age. The ability to comprehend and update text-based information requires an intact PFC and efficient WM and IR. The current study presented a series of messages about the investigation of a warehouse fire to 48 young and 48 older adults. One message contained a piece of misinformation which another message corrected later. It was hypothesized that a memory cue to the misinformation with the correction statement should benefit older adults the most during the updating process. A text-based level and situation model level measured updating. The text-based level is only information from the text but is not necessarily verbatim. The situation model level is the overall meaning of the text, including inferences and assumptions. Results show that unlike young adults, older adults are not capable of recalling the text at the text-based level. However, older adults are capable of performing like young adults at the situation model level. This suggests that older adults are capable of updating causal information in text material as long as a memory cue to the misinformation is provided within the correction statement.

This two years master’s thesis in Library and Information Sciences aims to investigate and put the services of 118100 Svar På Allt (SPA, an SMS mobile question and answer service) and Fråga biblioteket (FB, a library operated e-mail reference service) into the context of the reference encounter. Questions sent to SPA and their subsequent answers are analysed, and part of these questions are forwarded to FB for comparative studies. Both of the formats are compared to the reference encounter as a whole. The framing of the question originates in the assumption that there may be a need for further negotiation of the questions submitted to the aforementioned formats. Do SPA and FB constitute formats different enough from the reference encounter to imply that the question at hand already has gone through the apropiate negotiations? These compressed and asynchronous reference services are not only compared to the synchronous reference, but are also examined as reference services in their own right. How does the e-mail reference and the SMS services fare against each other and the “regular” reference encounter? Findings in the analysis are subjected to appliable INSU theories, especially Robert S. Taylors thoughts on question negotitation and Nicholas Belkins et al regarding anomalous states of knowledge. Further major contributors are Marie L. Radford concerning the reference encounter and Reijo Savolainen on everyday information practices. The study found several occasions where a personal, or at least synchronous, reference encounter would have been decidedly more helpful than that of the electronic services. However, the larger majority of the questions analysed turned out to be completed in formulation for the compressed, asynchronous format. The e-mails of FB can to some extent work as an intermediary service since it is more allowing lengthwise than SPA and gives more of an opportunity to redirect towards more exhaustive sources.

Includes vita. / Title from PDF of title page. / Document formatted into pages; / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. / Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format. / ABSTRACT: The primary purpose of this study was to examine the potential joint influence of need for cognition (NC), the dispositional preference for engaging in (or avoiding) effortful cognitive processing of information, and type of smoking risk message (i.e., factual and evaluative messages similar in message content and length) on the construction of smoking-relevant risk perceptions among college smokers. A secondary purpose was to examine potential mechanisms through which changes in risk perception might occur. 227 college smokers evaluated one of three pamphlets, (1) a factual (i.e., primarily fact-based) smoking risk pamphlet, (2) an evaluative (i.e., primarily emotion based) smoking risk pamphlet, or (3) a control pamphlet unrelated to smoking. Among occasional smokers, NC interacted with type of risk message to influence perceptions of post-pamphlet risk for several of the risk perception outcomes examined. / ABSTRACT: Specifically, smokers lower in NC reported higher levels of perceived risk in response to the evaluative pamphlet whereas smokers higher in NC reported greater perceived risk in response to the factual pamphlet. The interaction did not predict risk perception outcomes among daily smokers. Significant changes in the mechanisms examined were not observed. Findings provide evidence that NC interacts with type of smoking risk message to influence changes in smoking-related health risk perceptions among occasional college smokers. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. / System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009. / Includes abstract. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed March 11, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 223-234). Also issued in print.

Drug related messages in antidrug campaigns and music related media -A qualitative study about young people’s perceptions Youth are exposed to both promotional and critical drug and alcohol messages in their daily media consumption. The purpose of this study is to examine how youth perceive anti-drug campaigns and drug-promoting messages in music-related media. The empirical material consists of qualitative data, including a focus group and two individual interviews, consisting of youth between the ages of 18 and19. One main finding is that young people perceive anti-drug messages differently, yet they are virtually unanimous about what makes such messages effective. Another important finding is that drug messages in music-related media are common and the positive messages are easier to relate to even if they come across as unrealistic. An important conclusion is that anti-drug messages must be realistic and easy to relate to, clearly targeting young people. Another conclusion is that positive drug messages in music are easier to relate to and ubiquitous, requiring effective anti-drug campaigns. / Ungdomar tar del av både positiva och kritiska alkohol- och drogbudskap i sin dagliga mediekonsumtion. Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka hur ungdomar uppfattar drogbudskap i antidrogkampanjer och i musikrelaterade medier. Det empiriska materialet består av kvalitativa intervjuer varav en fokusgrupp och två individuella, utförda med ungdomar i 18-19 års ålder. Studiens främsta resultat är att ungdomar uppfattar antidrogbudskap olika, trots detta är de i stort sett eniga om vad som gör antidrogbudskap effektiva. Ett annat viktigt resultat är att drogbudskap i musikrelaterade medier är vanligt och de positiva budskapen är lättare att relatera till även om de inte upplevs verkliga. En viktig slutsats vi författare drar är att antidrogbudskap måste vara verklighetstrogna och lätta att relatera till genom att tydligt rikta sig till ungdomar. Ytterligare en slutsats är att då de positiva drogbudskapen i musiken är lättare att relatera till och ständigt närvarande, krävs effektivare antidrogkampanjer.

Title: Hälsa i sociala medier - En kvalitativ studie om hur hälsoinformatörer upplever och påverkas  av hälsobudskap i sociala medier. Title: Health in social media - A qualitative study of how health communicators perceive and are affected by health messages in social media. Author: Anna Hedström Institute: Karlstad University. Faculty of health, nature and engineering sciences. Tutor: Owe Stråhlman Date: 150615 Number of pages: 34 Keywords: eHealth literacy, health communication, health informers, health literacy, health messages, media literacy, social media   Background: With an increased interest in diet and exercise, also health and fitness messages have increased in both traditional and social media. The general guidelines on physical activity and diet are forgotten as training tips increase in the media. Research shows that it is common for individuals to retrieve information from the media when it comes to their own health. In doing so media literacy, health literacy and eHealth literacy becomes increasingly important for health communicators and for those who receive health information.   Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine health communicators’ experiences of health messages in social media, and how they are affected by them.   Method: Qualitative interviews were chosen as a method to collect data. Six individuals participated in the study, four of them were females and two were men. The criterion for participation was to somehow work to inform about health. To analyze the data collected, qualitative contained analysis were used.   Results: The analysis revealed four categories; the health informer experiences of social media content, social media's impact on customers, social media's impact on the health informer work and the health informers use of social media in their work. The results show that health informers experience a certain lack of knowledge among health messages in social media and that many of them are too extreme. These health informers experience that their customers are more well-informed now than a few years ago, due to the use of Facebook, Instagram and blogs. Using social media to search information about diet and exercise is good because it is easily accessible and it is fast, but if one does not have the knowledge of what should be weeded out, these advantages can easily become disadvantages. Respondents feel that it has become a larger equality on diet and exercise that they believe may be due to health messages disseminated on social media. Health communicators can work with to get their customers to be more critical of what they read.   Conclusion: The conclusion of the result is that the health communicators indirectly affected by health messages on social media by their clients that often come with questions about things they read or want help to look like some bloggers they follow. Health communicators work is affected in the way that they need to take advantage of social media to help its customers as well as possible and they must also talk to their customers about the source criticism and that they should focus on what feels good for the customer .