Titel: En undersökning om attityden till mottagandet av E-postmarknadsföring – Medavseende på kognitions-, affektions- & beteendemässig attityd. Nivå: C-uppsats i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Johanna Nilsson & August Mazetti-Nissen Handledare: Jens Eklinder Frick Datum: 2016 – Januari Syfte: Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka attityden till mottagandet av Epostmarknadsföringhos svenska beslutsfattare inom en B2B-kontext, detta med avseende påkognitions-, affektions- och beteendemässig attityd. Metod: Studien har en metodologi av kvantitativ karaktär. Studien har utförts med hjälpav en enkätundersökning som skickats ut via E-post. Enkäten har besvarats av 443respondenter lokaliserade i Sverige. Vår data har analyserats med statistiska uträkningaroch illustrerats med hjälp av tabeller, figurer och diagram. Analysen har därefter resulterat i arbetets slutsats. Resultat & slutsats: Studien har resulterat i en total negativ attityd till mottagandet av Epostmarknadsföringhos svenska beslutsfattare inom en B2B-kontext. Exponeringsfrekvensen och den kognitiva attitydkomponenten är de ensamt starkaste faktorerna till den totala negativa attityden. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Ett förslag till vidare forskning inom fältet skulle kunna vara den finansiella aspekten, det vill säga att undersöka hur lönsamt E-postmarknadsföring är. Dessutom menar vi att segmentering och exponeringsfrekvens inom Epostmarknadsföring är ett ämne som borde tas i beaktning för framtida fallstudier. Vi menar också att en liknande undersökning fast i ett annat land hade varit intressant attgenomföra. Uppsatsens bidrag: Attityden till mottagandet av E-postmarknadsföring påverkas i höggrad av hur relevant varumärket bakom E-postmarknadsföringsutskicket anses vara för mottagaren och hur ofta varumärket exponeras. Svenska beslutsfattare har starka tendenser till att både avskriva sig från framtida utskick, men även engagera sig vidare i innehållet om det anses relevant. Effektiviteten av E-postmarknadsföring kan därför skilja sig starktmellan olika aktörer. Nyckelord: Attityd, E-postmarknadsföring, E-postmarknadsföringsmeddelande, Kognition, Affektion, Beteende

Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Management make use of e-mail as a tool to enable them to do their daily tasks. E-mail is used as one of the best communication channels by management. Sishen Mine also makes use of e-mail as communication channel. The question however is whether e-mail has a positive or negative impact on management effectiveness. The history of e-mail as well as the reasons for e-mail use have been investigated. The different areas of use of email were discussed. Additional to this, the positive effects experienced by the individual as well as companies when using e-mail were highlighted and discussed. Unfortunately e-mail also has negative influences on the individual and the company and these were also highlighted and discussed. Data was obtained from the Sishen e-mail application in order to analyse the use of e-mail by the employees. The key insight from the e-mail application data was that a small group of employees send and receive the majority of e-mail at Sishen. A survey was sent out to all e-mail users at Sishen in order to determine the influence of e-mail on management effectiveness. The survey data enabled a detailed geographic analysis of the e-mail users at Sishen per department, gender, race, age and years of service as well as the details of the respondents. Analysis of the survey data revealed that e-mail has a positive impact on management effectiveness and that Sishen uses e-mail extensively. However, the data also revealed that e-mail impacts negatively on management effectiveness. The key insight from the survey was the extreme low levels of computer and e-mail training done by management. The lack of sufficient e-mail training was seen as one of the major contributing factors of high levels of frustration with e-mail experienced by management. Recommendations were made to Sishen as a result of the study to enable improvement of management effectiveness through the use of e-mail. Implementation of key recommendations with potential key positive impact was also highlighted. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Bestuur gebruik e-pos as 'n gereedskapstuk om uitvoering aan hul take te gee deur middel van die kommunikasiekanaal wat e-pos bied. E-pos leen hom daarna om 'n uitstekende kanaal te wees vir kommunikasie. Sishen Myn gebnuik ook e-pos as 'n kommunikasiekanaal. Die vraag is of die kommunikasiekanaal 'n goeie of slegte invloed het op bestuurseffektiwiteit van die bestuur van die myn. Die geskiedenis van e-pos en die redes vir die gebruik van e-pos is ondersoek. Die verskillende gebruike asook die waarde van e-pos vir die individu en maatskappye is uitgelig. E-pos het ongelukkig ook nadele vir die individu en maatskappye en hierdie nadele is uitgewys en bespreek. Na die toepaslike literatuurstudie is inligting vanaf die e-pos databasis onttrek om die e-pos gebruik van Sishen werknemers te evalueer. Die belangrikste insig vanuit die databasis-ontleding het daarop gedui dat 'n klein hoeveelheid mense die grootste hoeveelheid e-posse binne Sishen stuur en ontvang. 'n Vraelys is tydens 'n meningsopname aan alle e-pos gebruikers binne Sishen uitgestuur om die invloed van e-pos op bestuurseffektiwiteit te bepaal. Vanuit die analise van die vraelys inligting was dit moontlik om geografiese samestelling van die e-pos gebruikers te bepaal. Dit was moontlik om te sien hoeveel werknemers per afdeling, geslag, ras, ouderdom en jare diens e-pos gebruikers is, asook om die besonderhede van die gebruikers vas te stel. Verdere analise van die vraelysinligting het aangedui dat e-pos 'n positiewe uitwerking op bestuurseffektiwiteit het en dat werknemers dit goed gebruik. Ongelukkig het dit ook na vore gekom dat daar genoegsame bewyse is dat daar ook negatiewe invloed op bestuurseffektiwiteit is. Die mees insiggewende was die besonder lae vlakke van rekenaar en e-pos opleiding wat bestuur deurloop het. Dit word gesien as een van die grootste bydraende faktore tot die hoe vlakke van frustrasie wat ervaar word deur bestuur. Vanuit die bevindinge van die vraelys is daar aanbevelings aan Sishen gemaak om sodoende te help om die bestuurseffektiwiteit te bevorder deur die gebruik van e-pos. Die potensiele voordele wat verkry kan word wanneer die aanbevelings implementeer word, is ook aangedui.

Thesis (DLitt (African Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Specific deceptive messages in Tshivenda were collected and subsequently analysed according to a methodology which is regularly used in deceptive message production. Forty deceptive messages were randomly collected from the following persons: teenage males and females and adult males and females. The main findings of the study can be summarized as follows: The respondents gave nine categories of reasons for their deceptive messages. The person involved in these deceptions are the deceivers (six categories of people) and the persons who have been deceived (seven categories of people). Extensive arguments have been utilized to strengthen the deceptive messages i.e. a total of 225 arguments. Various cues to deception have been extensively used i.e. 12 cues to deception which have been used 252 times. The four groups of people above have used these cues almost equally i.e. 61-65 cues per group. Cultural issues within deception have been given attention and nine different cultural issues have been found which have been used 46 times. The success rate of deception is not equal between the groups. The two female groups have a success rate of 75% while the male groups have a success rate of only 35%. Various other issues within message production in general have also received attention, i.e. plans which have been made to deceive as well as the complexity, type and quality of the plans. The action in deception has also been given attention, specifically message production and emotional appeals. Of the message effects mention can be made of relational and emotional effects, competence, appropriateness and effectiveness as well as politeness. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Spesifieke misleidende of bedrieglike boodskappe in Tshivenda is bymekaar gemaak en vervolgens ontleed volgens 'n metodologie wat algemeen gebruik word In misleidende boodskappe. Veertig misleidende boodskappe is van oral versamel van die volgende persone: jeugdige mans en vrouens, en volwasse mans en vrouens, Die hoof bevindinge van die studie kan soos volg saamgevat word: Die respondente het nege kategorieë van redes gegee vir hulle misleidende boodskappe. Die persone betrokke in hierdie misleidings is die misleier of bedrieër (ses kategorieë van mense) en die persone wat mislei is (sewe kategorieë van mense). Heelwat argumente is gebruik om die misleidende boodskappe te versterk, d.i. 'n totaal van 225 argumente. Verskeie aanwysings vir misleiding is ekstensief gebruik, d.i. 12 aanwysings vir misleiding is 252 kere gebruik. Die vier groepe deelnemers hierbo het hierdie aanwysings omtrent ewe veel gebruik, d.i. tussen 61 - 65 aanwysings per groep. Kulturele aangeleenthede in misleiding het ook aandag gekry en nege verskillende kulturele sake is gevind in die dialoë wat altesame 46 keer gebruik is. Die sukseskoers van misleiding is nie ewe sterk tussen die groepe nie. Die twee vroulike groepe het 'n sukseskoers van 75% terwyl die manlike groepe 'n sukseskoers van slegs 35% het. Verskeie ander sake in boodskapproduksie oor die algemeen is ook onder die loep geneem w.o. planne wat gemaak is om te mislei, asook die kompleksiteit, tipe en kwaliteit van die planne. Die handeling in misleiding het ook aandag geniet, spesifiek boodskapproduksie en emosionele aangeleenthede in misleiding. Van die boodskapeffekte kan melding gemaak word van die relasionele en emosionele effekte van misleiding, kompetensie, toepasllkheid en effektiwiteit sowel as beleefdheid in misleiding.

Guided by a conceptual framework regarding how supportive messages interpreted as negatively controlling are related to individuals’ relational health and weight management efforts, this research explored participants’ interpretations of their romantic partner’s weight management messages in a two-phase study. In phase one, college students were presented with a sample of supportive weight management messages. Participants were asked to describe the degree to which each message communicated support and negative control as well as respond to items concerning their personal and relational characteristics. In phase two, participants were asked to report a memorable weight management message they received from their current romantic partner. These messages were then assessed for their degree of support and negative control by the participant. Additionally, students responded to measures concerning how perceptions of their health attitude and relational qualities changed after receiving the message. Results from phase one indicated that readiness to change, body esteem, external and internal locus of control, history of received support, and level of relational distress were all significant predictors of interpreting a supportive weight management message as negatively controlling. Phase two results indicated that perceived negative control in a partner’s weight management message is a significant predictor of perceived level of trust in their relationship, weight management commitment, exercise self-efficacy, diet self-efficacy, and perceived negative change in relational quality. The relevance of perceived negative control for relational functioning and health attitudes is discussed. / text

Popular messages not only illuminate many of the struggles people experience wrestling with the tensions between work and home life, but these popular texts also influence the behaviors of those who consume them. They not only reflect organizational members' experiences, but they also shape what they do. The following dissertation provides a theoretical discussion that conceptualizes and locates popular messages within dominant cultural patterns and explores the role of popular discourse in socializing organizational members. Next, "work-life" research is understood in terms of enactments and construals of time. This discussion not only develops a temporal perspective for "work-life" research, but also highlights inequalities embedded in the current "work-life" research. A narrative approach is offered as a theoretical perspective and methodological tool for uncovering perspectives. Sixty-seven participants are interviewed, and findings suggest differing perspectives on work-life balance, work-life expectations, and the role popular messages play in shaping work-life expectations vary along gender, socioeconomic, and generational lines. Further, analyses of interview data reveal gender and socioeconomic inequalities exist within the "work-life" construct and differing construals of time. / text

Message framing and intergroup contact theories provide the framework for this study to examine how episodic and thematic political message frames affect young adults' attitudes toward older adults and Social Security. Three specific moderators were examined: direct contact, trait empathy, and critical consumption skills. Effects were explored experimentally using manipulated messages about abolishing Social Security. Results indicated that political message framing related to public policies does affect attitudes toward those policies. Respondents in the episodic condition reported significantly more negative attitudes toward Social Security than respondents in the thematic and control conditions. A significant effect on individual attribution of responsibility was also found such that respondents in the thematic condition rated individual responsibility significantly lower than respondents in the atypical condition. The study extends previous work by examining both intended and unintended attitudinal consequences of message frames.

The nature of high-street fashion brands amongst female adolescents is a combined set of fast fashion movements and early adopter demands within a compressed timeframe. This research has investigated the need for a communication plan to appropriately deliver the brand message for this sector. There are a number of information barriers for high-street fashion brands to build customer value and differentiate the core values of their brands from competitors because of 1) imbalanced strategic communication implementation particularly in the encoding process, 2) ambiguous interpretation of target audience behaviour as a key disseminator of brand messages and 3) a lack of an integrated communication approach to complement the brand building communication plan. Accordingly, there is a need for a brand building communication framework to formulate and direct the female adolescent perceived values within a limited time based on mutual understanding and shared requirements between a high-street fashion brand and its target audience. Moreover, a strategic plan using an integrated brand-building communication in the encoding process which optimises the contribution of the audience must be developed. This research has revealed that high-street fashion brands should concentrate on consumer self-construal, consumer-brand congruence and consumer-brand relationships of female adolescents in order to clearly construct brand messages which match audiences’ values and lifestyles. Due to the needs for informative cooperation amongst the target audiences, the brand-building communication strategy as a persuasive medium, which encourages audiences and prospects to initiate interactivity with the high-street fashion brand, was thoroughly examined in the empirical study. A conceptual model of a high-street fashion brand-building communication was developed and evaluated by means of design research methodology and soft systems methodology. The proposed model explains the platform of brand-building communication strategy in the encoding process for the high-street fashion market. A number of advantages are offered: Firstly, brand managers may use the model to overcome the barriers to integrate a fashion brand communication strategy. Secondly, it can enhance the recognition of fashion brand-building communication. Thirdly, the model offers an approach to leverage customer-brand relationships by means of the communication process. Fourthly, it allows the description of a holistic view of brand message construction in the encoding process. Finally, it offers a strategy to integrate online and off-line communications.

Email connects 85% of the world. This paper explores the pattern of information overload encountered by majority of email users and examine what steps key email providers are taking to combat the problem. Besides fighting spam, popular email providers offer very limited tools to reduce the amount of unwanted incoming email. Rather, there has been a trend to expand storage space and aid the organization of email. Storing email is very costly and harmful to the environment. Additionally, information overload can be detrimental to productivity. We propose a simple solution that results in drastic reduction of unwanted mail, also known as graymail.

Research suggests that adolescent health requires both reducing problem behavior and promoting the development of social competence. There is strong support for the influence of parenting practices on both aggressive and competent behavior. However, there has been little research to date focused on parental messages, or the verbal communication parents provide to their children, about aggressive and effective nonviolent responses to conflict. The present study used hierarchical regression to examine parental messages supporting fighting and parental messages supporting effective nonviolent responses to problem situations in relation to adolescent aggressive and effective nonviolent behavior. These relations were expected to be moderated by adolescent gender. Additionally, the unique influence of parental messages was explored, relative to the effects of parental behavioral modeling of antisocial and prosocial acts. Messages supporting fighting and messages supporting nonviolent responses were analyzed as distinct constructs in the current study, and were expected to produce different patterns of influence on each adolescent behavior. Discrepancies based on respondent (parent or adolescent) were also anticipated. Participants included a predominantly African American sample of 105 adolescents and a parent or caregiver, who were assessed as part of a larger project evaluating the effects of a neighborhood intervention. As hypothesized, youth reports of parental messages supporting nonviolent responses were significantly related to lower levels of youth aggression, even when controlling for parental modeling. Youth reports of parental messages supporting nonviolent responses also predicted higher levels of effective nonviolent behavior, but these effects could be better accounted for by parental modeling. Contrary to expectation, parental messages supporting fighting did not significantly predict adolescent aggression or effective nonviolent behavior, and only minimal support was found for the moderating influence of gender. As anticipated, youths’ perceptions of parental messages were better predictors of their behavior than were parents’ reports. Overall, the current study’s findings have important implications for violence prevention efforts, and call for continued research.

Master of Science / Department of Journalism and Mass Communications / Curtis B. Matthews / Two-sided message research has often led to ambiguous findings due to several factors. The present study examines if the level of general involvement with the product category presented in the persuasive message influences whether or not the inclusion of unfavorable information can generate positive effects on source credibility, brand attitude, and behavioral intent. Past studies on the effects of involvement on sidedness failed to deliver clear results, due to vague operationalizations, irrelevant claims and message statements. A 3 (sidedness: one-sided, two-sided unrelated attributes, or two-sided related attributes) x 2 (involvement: low or high) factorial design was used for this study. Contrary to past research, this study indicates that two-sided messages have many facets. Although a main effect for two-sided messages over one-sided ones was present, findings indicate nearly all of the benefits associated with two-sided messages were due the relatedness of the negative information claim. Two-sided messages without relatedness of information performed no differently than the one-sided format.