Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Com esse estudo objetivou-se determinar e validar equaÃÃes de prediÃÃo para energia digestÃvel (ED) e metabolizÃvel (EM) do milho e do farelo de soja com suÃnos em crescimento. Para obtenÃÃo das equaÃÃes de prediÃÃo foram utilizados dados de composiÃÃo quÃmica, digestibilidade e metabolizabilidade de 30 amostras de grÃos de milho e 25 amostras de farelo de soja avaliadas em experimentos na Embrapa SuÃnos e Aves, sendo as equaÃÃes estimadas por meio da anÃlise de regressÃo, utilizando-se o procedimento REG do pacote estatÃstico SAS e o RÂ ajustado como critÃrio de escolha para selecionar os melhores modelos. Foram estimadas duas equaÃÃo para ED e duas para EM, do milho e do farelo de soja. Para a validaÃÃo das equaÃÃes foram realizados dois experimentos para a determinaÃÃo dos valores de ED e EM de cinco amostras de milho (Experimento I) e cinco amostras de farelo de soja (Experimento II). Em cada experimento, 48 leitÃes machos castrados, com peso inicial de 54,21Â1,68 kg (Experimento I) e 54,40Â1,76 kg (Experimento II), foram distribuÃdos em um delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com 6 tratamentos (Experimento I: 1 raÃÃo referÃncia e 5 raÃÃes testes, compostas por 60% da dieta referÃncia e 40% de diferentes milhos e para o Experimento II: 1 raÃÃo referÃncia e 5 raÃÃes testes, compostas por 70% da dieta referÃncia e 30% de diferentes farelos de soja) e 8 repetiÃÃes, sendo a unidade experimental constituÃda por um animal. Com base nos resultados de ED e EM obtidos nos experimentos e os valores preditos nas equaÃÃes, procedeu-se a validaÃÃo das equaÃÃes, utilizando-se o procedimento REG do programa SAS, sendo o critÃrio de seleÃÃo o menor erro de prediÃÃo (ep). ApÃs a validaÃÃo, as equaÃÃes que melhor se ajustaram para prediÃÃo dos valores de energia digestÃvel e metabolizÃvel do milho para suÃnos em crescimento foram as seguintes: ED = 11812 â 1015,9(PB) â 837,9(EE) â 1641(FDA) + 2616,3(MM) + 47,5(PB2) + 114,7(FB2) + 46(FDA2) â 1,6(FDN2) â 997,1(MM2) + 151,9(EEFB) + 23,2(EEFDN) â 126,4(PBFB) + 136,4(PBFDA) â 4,0(PBFDN), com R2 de 0,81 e ep = 2,33 e EM = 12574 â 1254,9(PB) â 1140,5(EE) â 1359,9(FDA) + 2816,3(MM) + 77,6(PB2) + 92,3(FB2) + 54,1(FDA2) â 1,8(FDN2) â 1097,2(MM2) + 240,6(EEFB) + 26,3(EEFDN) â 157,4(PBFB) + 96,5(PBFDA) â 4,4(PBFDN), com R2 de 0,89 e ep = 2,24. Para o farelo de soja as equaÃÃes que melhor se ajustaram foram: ED = 48153 â 1586,1(PB) + 744,5(EE) + 363,6(FB) â 1398,3(MM) + 15,5(PB2) â 170,8(EE2) â 29,3(FB2) + 5,4(FDA2) â 2,5(FDN2) + 90,6(MM2) â 48,2(EEFDA) + 33(EEFDN), com RÂ de 0,88 e o ep = 2,32, EM=12692 â 2397,7(MM) â 56,8(EE2) + 164,9(MM2) â 102,2(EEFB) â 12,25(EEFDA) + 67,6(EEFDN) + 5,5(PBFB) â 2,9(PBFDN) com R2 de 0,65 e o ep = 1,69 / The aim of this study was to determine and validate prediction equations for digestible (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) of corn and soybean meal for growing pigs. The prediction equations were developed using data from chemical composition and digestibility and metabolizability of 30 and 25 samples of corn grain and soybean meal, respectively, evaluated in experiments at the Embrapa SuÃnos e Aves. The equations were estimated through regression analysis, using the REG procedure of SAS and adjusted RÂ was the criterion of choice to select the best models. Two equations were estimated for DE and two for ME, of corn and soybean meal. To validate the equations, two experiments were performed to determine the values of DE and ME with five samples of corn grain (Experiment I) and five samples of soybean meal (Experiment II). In each experiment, 48 growing pigs with an initial weight of 54,21Â1,68 kg (Experiment I) and 54.40 Â 1.76 kg (Experiment II), were sorted in a complete randomized block design with 6 treatments (Experiment I: 1 reference diet and 5 test diets composed of 60% of the reference diet and 40% corn, and Experiment II: 1 reference diet and 5 test diets composed of 70% of the reference diet and 30% soybean meal) and 8 replicates. The experimental unit was the animal. Based on the DE and ME values obtained in the experiments, and in the predicted values obtained with the equations, we proceeded to validate the equations, using the REG procedure of SAS. The criterion for selection of the best model was the lowest prediction error (pe). After validation, the equations that best fit to estimate the digestible and metabolizable energy of corn for growing pigs were: DE = 11812 â (1015.9CP) â (837.9EE) â (1641ADF) + (2616.3Ash) + (47.5CP2) + (114.7CF2) + (46ADF2) â (1.6NDF2) â (997.1Ash2) + (151.9EECF) + (23.2EENDF) â (126.4CPCF) + (136.4CPADF) â (4.0CPNDF), with R2 = 0.81; pe = 2.33 and ME = 12574 â (1254.9CP) â (1140.5EE) â (1359.9ADF) + (2816.3Ash) + (77.6CP2) + (92.3CF2) + (54.1ADF2) â (1.8NDF2) â (1097.2Ash2) + (240.6EECF) + (26.3EENDF) â (157.4CPCF) + (96.5CPADF) â (4.4CPNDF), with R2 = 0.89 e pe = 2.24. For soybean meal the equations that best fit were: DE = 48153 â (1586,1CP) + (744,5EE) + (363,6CF) â (1398,3Ash) + (15,5CP2) â (170,8EE2) â (29,3CF2) + (5,4ADF2) â (2,5NDF2) + (90,6Ash2) â (48,2EEADF) + (33EENDF), with RÂ = 0.88 and pe = 2.32 e ME = 12692 â (2397,7Ash) â (56,8EE2) + (164,9Ash2) â (102,2EECF) â (12,2EEADF) + (67,6EENDF) + (5,5CPCB) â (2,9CPNDF), with R2 = 0.65 and pe = 1.69.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Objetivou-se determinar a composiÃÃo quÃmica e os valores de energia metabolizÃvel aparente (EMA) e aparente corrigida para o balanÃo de nitrogÃnio (EMAn) do resÃduo da semente do urucum (RSU) e avaliar a sua utilizaÃÃo em raÃÃes para frangos de corte de crescimento lento formuladas com sorgo como principal fonte de energia. Para determinar a EMA e EMAn foram realizados dois ensaios de metabolismo (14 a 21 e 28 a 35 dias de idade). Foi utilizado delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) em esquema fatorial 2x2 (duas linhagens e duas idades) com 5 repetiÃÃes por tratamento, de 5 aves no primeiro ensaio e 4aves no segundo. Os valores de EMA e EMAn nÃo foram influenciados significativamente pelo tipo de linhagem, no entanto, sofreram influÃncia significativa da idade, obtendo-se maiores valores com as aves mais velhas. O RSU apresentou 88,77% de matÃria seca, 4.083 kcal/kg de energia bruta, 15,43% de proteÃna bruta, 14,43% de fibra em detergente Ãcido, 37,11% fibra em detergente neutro e 1,86% de extrato etÃreo. Os valores determinados para EMA e EMAn na matÃria seca e EMAn na matÃria natural, foram de 2.462, 2.314 e 2.054 kcal/kg para aves de 14 a 21 dias de idade e de 3.187, 3.174 e 2.817 kcal/kg para aves de 28 a 35 dias, respectivamente. No ensaio de desempenho, foram alojados 420 pintos da linhagem carijà pesadÃo de 1 a 78 dias de idade, distribuÃdos em DIC em esquema fatorial 2x7, onde os fatores foram 2 sexos e 7 raÃÃes, totalizando 14 tratamentos. Com 3 repetiÃÃes de 10 aves por tratamento. As raÃÃes consistiram em: R1 - raÃÃo composta por milho e farelo de soja; R2 - raÃÃo com 100% de sorgo em substituiÃÃo ao milho sem a adiÃÃo de pigmentante; R3, R4, R5, R6 e R7 - raÃÃo com 100% de sorgo em substituiÃÃo ao milho com a adiÃÃo de 3; 6; 9; 12 e 15% de RSU, respectivamente. Independente do sexo, as raÃÃes nÃo influenciaram as variÃveis de desempenho e caracterÃsticas de carcaÃa. Entretanto, a inclusÃo do RSU influenciou os parÃmetros de cor da carne tornando-a mais pigmentada. Em raÃÃes para aves de crescimento lento contendo sorgo como principal fonte de energia, pode-se incluir atà 15% do RSU, pois o nÃvel de inclusÃo do resÃduo nÃo influenciou o desempenho e as caracterÃsticas de carcaÃa das aves, sendo possÃvel reduzir os problemas de pigmentaÃÃo da carne com a substituiÃÃo total do milho pelo sorgo com a inclusÃo do RSU a partir de 3%. / The objective this study was determine the chemical composition and the apparent metabolizable energy (EMA) and apparent corrected for nitrogen balance (EMAn) of the annatto seed by-product (RSU) and evaluate its use in rations for broiler growth slow formulated with sorghum as the main source of energy. To determine the EMA and EMAn two metabolism assays (14 to 21 and 28 to 35 days of age) were performed. Was used completely randomized design (DIC) in a 2x2 factorial design (two strains and two ages) with 5 replicates per treatment, 5 poultry in the first test and 4aves in the second. The EMA and EMAn values were not significantly influenced by the type of strain, however, suffered significant influence of age, obtaining higher values with older poultry. The RSU showed 88,77% dry matter, 4.083 kcal/kg of gross energy, 15,43% crude protein , 14,43% acid detergent fiber, 37,11% neutral detergent fiber and 1,86% ether extract. The values determined for EMA and EMAn in dry matter and EMAn in natural matter, were 2.462, 2.314 and 2.054 kcal / kg for poultry 14-21 days of age and 3.187, 3.174 and 2.817 kcal / kg for poultry from 28 to 35 days, respectively. In the performance trial, 420 chicks carijà pesadÃo lineage from 1 to 78 days of age in DIC in 2x7 factorial were housed, where the factors were 2 sexes and 7 rations, totaling 14 treatments. With 3 replicates of 10 poultry per treatment. The rations were: R1 - ration composed of corn and soybean meal; R2 - ration with 100% sorghum replacing corn without adding pigmentante, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 - ration with 100% sorghum replacing corn with the addition of 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15% of RSU, respectively. Regardless of gender, the diets did not affect the performance variables and carcass characteristics. However, the inclusion of RSU influenced color parameters of meat making it more pigmented. In poultry feed slow growing containing sorghum as the main energy source, can include up to 15% of RSU, because the level of inclusion of the residue did not influence performance and carcass characteristics of poultry, and you can reduce the problems of pigmentation of the meat with total replacement of corn by sorghum with inclusion of RSU starting 3%.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-04-10T13:07:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Elainy Cristina Lopes.pdf: 328224 bytes, checksum: 6e351f9ac2697618f1bcab616530817e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-10T13:07:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elainy Cristina Lopes.pdf: 328224 bytes, checksum: 6e351f9ac2697618f1bcab616530817e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-30 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Two studies were conducted to evaluate the addition of different types of adsorbents in diets containing corn contaminated by mycotoxins (fumonisins B1 and B2 in 721 and 257 ppb total of 978 ppb and 94.7 ppb in Cyclopiazonic acid). Two experiments were occurring simultaneously, a metabolism and another performance with broilers Ross in a randomized design. These experiments occurred in order to test the effect of three types of adsorbents with the treatments distributed as follows: T1: reference diet with corn considered adequate (control), T2: diet with naturally contaminated maize considered inappropriate, T3, T4 and T5 were more T2 addition of adsorbents A, B and C, respectively. In the diets were analyzed found fumonisins, the total quantities of 125, 509, 677, 589 and 625 ppb for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. In the first study used 180 birds were housed in metabolic cages divided into five treatments and six replicates to evaluate the apparent metabolizable energy and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance and metabolizability coefficient of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy. No statistical difference was detected for these variables. In the second study we used 360 broiler chicks during the period 1 to 42 days of age housed in pens with wood shavings bedding, distuibuídos in five treatments and six replications with 12 birds per replicate. We evaluated the feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, carcass weights and percentages, cuts, offal and serum biochemical parameters. The results showed significant differences in feed conversion in the final period. But the amount of mycotoxins present in feed birds offered was not enough for there to be poisoning birds and incurs a significant effect of supplementation of the diets of these animals adsorbents. / Foram realizados dois estudos com o objetivo de avaliar a adição de diferentes tipos de adsorventes em dietas contendo milho contaminado por micotoxinas (fumonisinas B1 e B2 em 721 e 257 ppb totalizando em 978 ppb e ácido ciclopiazônico em 94,7 ppb). Foram dois experimentos que ocorreram simultaneamente, um de metabolismo e o outro de desempenho com frangos de corte da linhagem Ross em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Estes experimentos ocorreram com a finalidade de testar o efeito dos três tipos de adsorventes sendo os tratamentos distribuídos da seguinte forma: T1: dieta referência com milho considerado adequado (controle); T2: dieta com milho contaminado naturalmente considerado inadequado; T3, T4 e T5 foram T2 mais adição dos adsorventes A, B e C, respectivamente. Nas rações analisadas foram encontradas as fumonisinas, nas quantidades totais de 125, 509, 677, 589 e 625 ppb para os tratamentos T1, T2, T3, T4 e T5, respectivamente. No primeiro estudo foram utilizadas 180 aves alojadas em gaiolas metabólicas divididas em cinco tratamentos e seis repetições, para avaliar a energia metabolizável aparente e a energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio e os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade da matéria seca, proteína bruta e energia bruta. Não foi detectada diferença estatística para estas variáveis. No segundo estudo utilizaram-se 360 pintos de corte no período de 1 a 42 dias de idade alojados em boxes com cama de maravalha, distuibuídos em cinco tratamentos e seis repetições com 12 aves por repetição. Foram avaliados o consumo de ração, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, pesos e percentagens da carcaça, dos cortes, vísceras e parâmetros bioquímicos séricos. Os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas para a conversão alimentar no período final. Porém a quantidade de micotoxinas presente na ração ofertada as aves não foi suficiente para que houvesse intoxicação das aves e acarretasse um efeito significativo da suplementação dos adsorventes nas dietas destes animais.

Orientador: Telma Teresinha Berchielli / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da suplementação ou não com proteína não degradável no rúmen (PNDR) sobre o consumo, metabolismo e desempenho de bovinos Nelore na fase da recria, durante o período das águas. Os animais foram mantidos em pastagem de Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés (PB = 12,3%), sob pastejo contínuo e método put and take. Dois experimentos foram realizados simultaneamente e as seguintes suplementações foram avaliadas: suplementação mineral (SM), suplementação proteica de 3 g/kg PC de glúten de milho 60 (GLU) ou farelo de soja protegido (FSP). As médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas utilizando contrastes ortogonais (SM vs. PNDR; e GLU vs. FSP). O experimento de desempenho (Exp1) teve duração de 112 dias, utilizou-se 96 tourinhos jovens da raça Nelore com peso corporal inicial médio de 240 ± 19,72 kg, distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos ao acaso. A suplementação com PNDR promoveu aumento no ganho médio diário (GMD; P <0,01), com ganho adicional de 205 g/dia para GLU e FSP em relação ao SM, sem diferenças entre as fontes de proteicas suplementadas. O experimento de metabolismo (Exp2) teve duração de 84 dias e foram utilizados 9 novilhos da raça Nelore, castrados, canulados no rúmen e duodeno, com aproximadamente 350 ± 78,51 kg de peso corporal inicial. Os animais foram distribuídos em 3 quadrados latinos simultâneos 3 x 3. Não foram observadas alterações no consumo de matéria seca (CMS kg e %PC), consumo de matéria orgânica e de forragem (P... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ruminal undegradable protein (RUP) supplementation on intake, metabolism and, performance of Nellore cattle on the growing phase, during the rainy season. The animals were kept on pasture of Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraes (CP = 12.3%), in continuous grazing, and put and take method. Two experiments were carried out simultaneously, and the supplements evaluated were: mineral supplementation (MS), protein supplementation of 3 g/ kg BW of corn gluten 60 (CG) or protected soybean meal (PSM). The treatment means were compared using orthogonal contrasts (MS vs. RUP; and CG vs. PSM). The performance experiment (Exp1) lasted 112 days, using 96 young Nellore bulls with average initial body weight of 240 ± 19.72 kg, assigned in a randomized block design. RUP supplementation promoted an increase in average daily gain (ADG; P <0.01), with an additional gain of 205g/ day for CG and PSM compared to MS, with no differences between supplemented protein sources. The metabolism experiment (Exp2) lasted 84 days and 9 Nellore steers, castrated, cannulated in the rumen and duodenum, with approximately 350 ± 78.51 kg initial body weight were used. The animals were assigned in 3 simultaneous 3 x 3 Latin squares. There were no changes in dry matter intake (DMI kg, and % BW), organic matter intake, and forage intake (P ≥ 0.11). Supplementation with CG, and PSM increased the crude protein (CP), nitrogen (N), metabolizable energy intake (P <0.01), and ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

No description available.

To maximize the economics of a new commercial broiler cross, research on its nutritional specifications is necessary. Study 1 investigated the effects of feeding four amino acid densities (AAD) on performance and yield of Cobb MV × Cobb 500 broilers at d 33 and 36. Data demonstrated a stepwise decrease in feed conversion ratio (FCR) as AAD level increased. Improvements in performance, processing, and economic return were observed when feeding higher AAD levels. Study 2 estimated the digestible lysine (dLys) requirements of Cobb MV × Cobb 500 broilers from d 0-14 and evaluated the impact of varying starter dLys levels on their performance, processing, and economic return during a 42 d grow-out. Data suggested that d 0-14 dLys requirements varied based on broiler response and statistical model. Improvements in overall performance was observed when feeding ≥1.12% dLys during the starter phase. The greatest economic return was associated with feeding starter dLys of 1.20%. Due to the potential interaction between AA and apparent metabolizable energy (AME), Study 3 examined the response of Cobb MV × Cobb 500 to varying dLys and AME levels from d 0-14 on d 0-42 performance and processing. A dLys × AME interaction was observed for d 0-28 FCR and for dLys and AME for early performance parameters. However, this significance was lost by the end of the study. Due to the variation in broiler response to feeding strategies at different ages, Study 4 evaluated the impact of varying dLys and AME levels from d 14-28 on performance and processing of 42-day old Cobb MV × Cobb 500 broilers. Data demonstrated significant dLys × AME interactions for d 14-28 and 14-35 FCR, as well as significances for main effect of dLys and AME for performance and processing (d 42). Feeding grower diets formulated to 1.18% dLys + 3028 kcal/kg AME was the most profitable diet. Overall, this research demonstrates that higher AAD improved broiler performance, especially ≥1.12% starter dLys. Varying dLys and AME during the starter phase did not affect performance at d 42; however, it did when this regimen was exercised during the grower phase.

No description available.

The mid-Atlantic coast region, an area of continental significance to migratory and wintering waterfowl and shorebirds, contains numerous moist-soil impoundments that are managed for waterbirds. Positive relationships between nonbreeding body condition and subsequent survival and reproduction have been documented for waterfowl, yet few evaluations of habitat management consider nutritional value of foods. I assessed 2 types of impoundment manipulation, using nutritional data as a basis for evaluation.Invertebrate and plant seed production were measured in disced and control plots in impoundments at Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge. Seed production was higher (P = 0.0614) in disced (1052 ± 468 kg / ha) than in control (529 ± 226 kg / ha) plots. Discing produced higher Chironomid larva abundance during spring, and higher abundance of Amphipods and non-Chironomid Diptera during fall. Waterbird predation reduced abundance of Chironomid larvae, non-Chironomid Diptera, and Amphipods. The predation effect on Total Invertebrate dry mass was 2x higher in disced than in control areas.Invertebrate production also was measured in habitats denuded by foraging greater snow geese (Anser caerulescens atlantica) at Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge. Chironomid larvae were 2 -6x more abundant in vegetated habitats than in areas where geese had foraged intensively, but exclosure data showed little effect of shorebird predation on invertebrate abundance. These results suggest that high goose populations can reduce waterbird food availability, and that shorebird use of invertebrates in denuded habitats is low.Mean true metabolizable energy (TME) of moist-soil seeds and invertebrates in blue-winged teal (Anas discors) ranged from -0.18 - 3.47 kcal / g. Correction of means for fiber concentration eliminated negative values, thereby enhancing their practical value.Potential duck use-days predicted using TME and seed production data were about 2x higher for disced than for control areas at Back Bay. Magnitude of the discing effect on duck use-days was largely insensitive to different estimates of seed nutritional value, although substantial variation in absolute measures of potential carrying capacity occurred. Discing positively influenced invertebrate abundance, and quantity and quality of moist-soil seeds produced, and should be considered a viable habitat management approach for both shorebirds and waterfowl. / Ph. D.

Foram realizados dois experimentos de metabolismo para a determinação da energia metabolizável aparente (EMA), energia metabolizável aparente corrigida para nitrogênio (EMAn) e digestibilidade aparente (DG) de diferentes gorduras para as fases pré-inicial, inicial, crescimento e final de frangos de corte. Um terceiro experimento foi realizado para avaliar o ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar e viabilidade de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas suplementadas com gorduras com valores energéticos determinados no experimentos de metabolismo. Nos experimentos de metabolismo os tratamentos consistiram de uma dieta referência e 5 dietas obtidas pela substituição de 10%, peso por peso, da dieta referência pelas seguintes gorduras e suas misturas: óleo de soja (OS), óleo ácido (OA), óleo de vísceras de aves (OV), 50% de óleo de soja com 50% de óleo ácido (OS50/OA50), 50% de óleo de soja com 50% de óleo de vísceras de aves (OS50/OV50) no primeiro experimento e as misturas: 75% de óleo de vísceras de aves com 25% óleo soja (OV75/OS25), 75% óleo de vísceras de aves com 25% óleo ácido (OV75/OA25), 50% de óleo ácido com 50% óleo de vísceras de aves (OA50/OV50), 75% de óleo ácido com 25% óleo de vísceras de aves (OA75/OV25), 75% de óleo ácido com 25% de óleo de soja (OA75/OS25) no segundo experimento. A dieta referência era baseada em milho e farelo de soja, formuladas sem gordura suplementar. Em cada experimento foram realizados 4 ensaios correspondentes às fases de criação. Utilizaram-se 4 repetições por tratamento em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. No primeiro experimento os valores de EMA, EMAn e DG do OA mostraram-se inferiores (p<0,05) às demais gorduras. A EMA, EMAn e a DG do OS50/OA50 e do OS50/OV50 não apresentaram diferenças (p>0,05) em relação ao OV e OS nas fases pré-inicial, inicial e crescimento, porém na fase final, essas misturas resultaram em energias metabolizáveis similares ao OV, menores que o OS e superiores ao OA. A DG das dietas com misturas de gordura não diferiu (p>0,05) das dietas com OS e OV em todas as fases estudadas. No experimento 2 os valores de EMA, EMAn e DG para as misturas OA75/OV25, OA75/SO25, OA50/OV50 foram inferiores as demais gorduras nas fases pré-inicial, inicial e crescimento. A EMA, EMAn e a DG do OV75/OS25 foram superiores nas fases pré-inicial, inicial e crescimento. Em ambos os experimentos, os valores de EMA e EMAn das gorduras na fase pré-inicial foram inferiores quando comparados às demais fases. No terceiro experimento utilizaram-se as mesmas fases de criação e os valores de EMAn determinados nos experimentos anteriores. Os tratamentos selecionados foram OA, OS, OV, 75OA/25OS, 50OA/50OS e 50OV/50OS, com 6 repetições e 40 aves por parcela, alimentadas com rações isoprotéicas e isoenergéticas a base de milho e farelo de soja. Foram determinados o desempenho, peso e rendimento da carcaça, peito, coxa, sobrecoxa, gordura abdominal e fígado. O OS resultou em inferior desempenho, peso da carcaça, peito, coxa e sobrecoxa em relação aos demais tratamentos. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos no acúmulo de gordura, peso do fígado, rendimentos da carcaça e das partes. / Two metabolism trials were carried out to determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of fats and their mixtures. In trial 1 the treatments consisted of a basal diet and 5 diets obtained by substituting, weight by weight, 10% of the basal diets with the fat sources: soybean oil (SO), acidulated soapstock (AS), poultry offal fat (PF), 50% soybean oil and 50% acidulated soapstock (SO50/AS50), 50% soybean oil and 50% poultry offal fat (SO50/PF50). In trial 2, the following mixtures were fed: 75% poultry offal fat and 25% soybean oil (PF75/SO25), 75% poultry offal fat and 25% acidulated soapstock (PF75/AS25), 50% soapstock and 50% poultry offal fat (AS50/PF50), 75% acidulated soapstock and 25% poultry offal fat (AS75/PF25) and 75% acidulated soapstock and 25% soybean oil (AS75/SO25). The basal diet was based on corn and soybean meal, formulated with no added fat. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a completely randomized design. In each trial there were 4 assays corresponding to the pre-starter (0-10 days), starter (11-21 days), grower (22-35 days) and finisher (36-42 days) phases. In trial 1, AME and AMEn values for AS were lower (p<0.05) than those for the other fats in all phases; this can be due to the elevated level of free fatty acids in AS. AME and AMEn of the mixture SO50/AS50, as well as the mixture (SO50/PF50), were not different from those of SO and PF in the pre-starter, starter and grower phases; however, in the finisher phase these mixtures resulted in metabolizable energy similar to PF (p>0.05), lower than SO and higher than AS (p<0.05). In trial 2, AME and AMEn values were lower in the pre-starter, starter and grower phases for the mixtures AS75/PF25, AS75/SO25 and AS50/SO50 (p<0.05). AME and AMEn were higher for PF75/SO25 in the pre-starter, starter and grower phases (p<0.05). In both trials the metabolizable energy was lower for birds in the pre-starter phase than in the other phases. In a performance trial diets were formulated using the AMEn of fats previously determined for pre-starter, starter, grower and finisher phases. Selected treatments were AS, SO, PF, AS75/SO25, AS50/SO50 and PF50/SO50 with 6 replicates and 40 birds per pen. Diets were isoproteic and isoenergetic. Growth performance and carcass and parts yield were determined. Treatments did not result in significant differences (p>0.05), except for SO which was inferior to the other treatments.

Foram avaliados o desempenho e o rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte, machos e fêmeas, com diferentes pesos iniciais, e com diferentes relações energia metabolizável:proteína bruta na dieta. Foram empregadas 640 aves de cada sexo, criadas até 48 dias de idade. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2, sendo empregados dois níveis de peso de pintos de 01 dia (38g e 46g) e dois níveis de relação EM:PB (Alto - 149,8; 174,4 e; 194,4 e, Baixo - 130,0; 150,0 e; 166,7, para ração inicial, crescimento e final, respectivamente) totalizando assim 4 tratamentos, cada um com 4 repetições de 40 aves. Foram avaliados o Consumo de Ração (CR), Ganho de Peso (GP), Conversão Alimentar (CA) e Mortalidade (Mort), nos períodos de 1 a 21 dias, 1 a 35 dias, e 1 a 48 dias de idade, e rendimento de carcaça e de cortes (asa, coxa+sobrecoxa, peito, cabeça, pé e dorso), no final do período experimental. Nas variáveis consumo de ração e ganho de peso, tanto para os machos quanto para as fêmeas, não foram observados efeitos significativos (P>0,05) em nenhum dos tratamentos e períodos. Para a mortalidade, houve efeito significativo apenas para as fêmeas (P>0,05), no período de 1 a 21 dias onde as aves de peso inicial leve, recebendo dietas com relação EM:PB alta apresentaram maior mortalidade (%). Foi observado efeito significativo na CA em machos (P<0,05), tanto no período de 1 a 35 dias quanto no período de 1 a 48 dias, onde as aves alimentadas com dietas contendo Rel EM:PB Alta apresentaram melhor CA. Para as fêmeas, observou-se efeito significativo para CA (P<0,05) no período de 1 a 35 dias de idade onde as aves alimentadas com a dieta com Relação EM:PB baixa apresentaram pior conversão alimentar, independente do peso inicial. Os machos que receberam dietas com Rel. EM:PB alta apresentaram significativamente (P<0,05) maior porcentagem de gordura abdominal, não sendo observado efeito nas fêmeas. Este resultado foi mais acentuado nas aves com peso inicial leve. Não foi observada diferença significativa em machos (P>0,05) para os tratamentos em relação ao rendimento de cortes. Por outro lado houve efeito significativo (P<0,05) para fêmeas com maior peso inicial, que apresentaram melhor porcentagem de rendimento quando receberam dietas com relação EM:PB alta. Pode-se concluir que o peso inicial dos pintos não influenciou nos resultados e que, rações com relação EM:PB baixa possibilita uma menor taxa de gordura abdominal, resultando em uma maior taxa de carne magra na carcaça, o que é vantajoso para o mercado consumidor e para o produtor no que diz respeito ao custo-benefício. / It was evaluated the broiler\'s performance and yeld of carcass, male and female, with differents initial weights, and with differents relationship metabolizable enerfy:crude protein in the diet. A completely randomized trial was applied, in factorial outline 2x2, with two levels of chicks\' weight (39g and 46g) and two levels of relationship ME:CP (High - 149,8; 174,4 e; 194,4 and, Low - 130,0; 150,0 e; 166,7, for the initial, growth and end ration, respectively), totalizing 4 treatments, each one of them with 4 repetitions of 40 chicks, ranging until 48 days of age. There were evaluated the Feed Intake (FI), Weight Gain (WG), Feed Conversion (FC) and Mortality, during all the experimental period and, performance and yield of carcass in the end of the experimental period. Feed intake and weight gain didn\'t show significant effect (P>0,05), in any treatments or periods, in the both sex. Mortality showed significant difference (P<0,05), where the low initial weight broilers fed with High Relationship ME:CP ration showed larger mortality, during the 1 to 21 days of age. FC showed significant difference (P<0,05) in males, where the broilers fed with High relationship ME:CP showed a better FC, during 1 to 35 days and 1 to 48 days of age. However, in females, there was significant difference (P<0,05) at the FC, when the broilers were fed with Low Relationship ME:CP ration and showed the worst result, independent of the initial weight, during the 1 to 35 days of age. There was significant difference abdominal fat (P<0,05), where the males broilers fed with high relationship ME:CP showed larger percentage of abdominal fat, during 1 to 35 days and 1 to 48 days of age. This result was more visible in chicks with low initial weight. Abdominal fat wasn\'t significant (P>0.05) in females. Yield carcass didn\'t show significant difference (P>0.05) in male broilers but, the female broilers there was significant effect (P<0,05), where the high initial weight broilers fed with High Relationship ME:CP ration showed better results. So, it is possible to conclude that the initial weight didn\'t influence the results and, the low relationship ME:CP ration makes possible a smaller percentage of abdominal fat, resulting in a larger percentage of thin meat in the carcass, what is an advantage for the consumer market and for the producer in what about cost-benefit.