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Thesis. 1978. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science. / Bibliography : leaves 281-295. / by William John Olszewski, Jr. / Ph.D.

The Clifton Migmatite crops out between the biotite grade Bucksport Formation (predominantly calcareous pelitic quartzite) on the west, the Lucerne Pluton (biotite granite) on the southeast, and the Parks Pond Pluton (mafic granite to quartz syenite) on the northeast. The Parks Pond crystallized at >1000°C. The leucosomes are I-type (metaluminous, hornblendebearing inclusions, primary titanite, allanite, hornblende, and apatite included in biotite or hornblende), or S-type (tourmaline and red-brown biotite). They are conformable with melanosome (Bucksport) layering, and vary in outcrop from 7-88% areally, and in composition from tonalite to alkali granite. Igneous textures in leucosomes argue against a solid-state origin, while biotite and plagioclase analyses indicate that leucosomes were not generated by in situ melting. Compositions of plagioclase (An-content 33-28 in melanosome, 38-15 in adjacent leucosome) and biotite (positive gradient of Ti02 in biotite of melanosome with approach to leucosome) demonstrate disequilibrium. It is argued that the Lucerne was not involved, based on chronology and mineralogy, and leucosomes are not injections of Parks Pond magma, because they lack clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and biotite from the Parks Pond. In the leucosomes, different maximum An-contents of plagioclase, four different orders of crystallization, and different compositions suggest that they are multiple melts. 4/5 of analyzed leucosomes are well described as Bucksport Formation minus restite. Conclusions: 1) The Parks Pond partially melted the Bucksport at depth. 2) Melts intruded by lit-par-lit injection to present exposures. 3) Caution should be exercised in applying I- and S-type criteria to melts of calcareous sediments. / Master of Science

The Aegean is a classic setting for studying exhumation of high-pressure (HP) metamorphic rocks. Two end-member models are proposed to explain the uplift of these rocks: core-complex style extension along low-angle normal faults and extrusion-wedge uplift. Extrusion-wedge underplating is the mechanism that exhumed HP rocks on Evia whereas Tinos hosts several detachments varying in age from 30-9 Ma. Andros, situated between them, may be the geological manifestation of the interplay of these processes and provides an opportunity to test these models. Detachments on NW Tinos and on Andros and the enigmatic low-angle Makrotantalon Unit contact on Andros were insufficiently dated prior to this study. Geo- and thermochronometrycombined with structural observations from sampling transects in the transport direction from (1) lower plate Cycladic Blueschist Unit on Andros and Tinos, (2) middle plate Makrotantalon Unit on Andros, and (3) hanging wall Upper Unit address these issues. Maximum depositional ages from detrital zircon U-Pb geochronometry and structures reveal Paleocene-Eocene syn-HP metamorphism thrusting resulted in an inversed-age relationship between the Permian Makrotantalon Unit and the underlying Triassic-Eocene Cycladic Blueschist Unit on Andros. The Makrotantalon Unit has an internal inversed stratigraphy whereas the Cycladic Blueschist Unit on Andros and Tinos appear stratigraphically intact. Structures and zircon and apatite (U-Th)/He ages in transects from NW Tinos (~12-8 Ma) and central Andros Cycladic Blueschist Unit (~13-7 Ma) indicate rapid cooling due to exhumation associated with the Livada Detachment. Older cooling ages (~16-10 Ma) and structures in the Makrotantalon Unit indicate later brittle strain localization on the Makrotantalon Thrust contact is accommodated by rheologically weaker serpentinites and calc-schists, resulting in slivering of the footwall under the Livada Detachment on Andros. Estimated mean cooling slip rates of the Livada Detachment on Andros of ~3.8 (+1.2/-1.3) km/Myr and 2.1 (+0.2/-0.2) km/Myr on NW Tinos resulted in minimum vertical exhumations of 15 km and 4 km, respectively. The NCDS here accommodated ~12-25% of 60 km of HP-rock exhumation from ~30-7 Ma. We present a tectonic model to elucidate the evolution of the Makrotantalon Unit and the magnitude, temporal, and spatial variability of exhumation via detachments on these islands. / text

The Aegean is a classic setting for studying exhumation of high-pressure (HP) metamorphic rocks. Two end-member models are proposed to explain the uplift of these rocks: core-complex style extension along low-angle normal faults and extrusion-wedge uplift. Extrusion-wedge underplating is the mechanism that exhumed HP rocks on Evia whereas Tinos hosts several detachments varying in age from 30-9 Ma. Andros, situated between them, may be the geological manifestation of the interplay of these processes and provides an opportunity to test these models. Detachments on NW Tinos and on Andros and the enigmatic low-angle Makrotantalon Unit contact on Andros were insufficiently dated prior to this study. Geo- and thermochronometrycombined with structural observations from sampling transects in the transport direction from (1) lower plate Cycladic Blueschist Unit on Andros and Tinos, (2) middle plate Makrotantalon Unit on Andros, and (3) hanging wall Upper Unit address these issues. Maximum depositional ages from detrital zircon U-Pb geochronometry and structures reveal Paleocene-Eocene syn-HP metamorphism thrusting resulted in an inversed-age relationship between the Permian Makrotantalon Unit and the underlying Triassic-Eocene Cycladic Blueschist Unit on Andros. The Makrotantalon Unit has an internal inversed stratigraphy whereas the Cycladic Blueschist Unit on Andros and Tinos appear stratigraphically intact. Structures and zircon and apatite (U-Th)/He ages in transects from NW Tinos (~12-8 Ma) and central Andros Cycladic Blueschist Unit (~13-7 Ma) indicate rapid cooling due to exhumation associated with the Livada Detachment. Older cooling ages (~16-10 Ma) and structures in the Makrotantalon Unit indicate later brittle strain localization on the Makrotantalon Thrust contact is accommodated by rheologically weaker serpentinites and calc-schists, resulting in slivering of the footwall under the Livada Detachment on Andros. Estimated mean cooling slip rates of the Livada Detachment on Andros of ~3.8 (+1.2/-1.3) km/Myr and 2.1 (+0.2/-0.2) km/Myr on NW Tinos resulted in minimum vertical exhumations of 15 km and 4 km, respectively. The NCDS here accommodated ~12-25% of 60 km of HP-rock exhumation from ~30-7 Ma. We present a tectonic model to elucidate the evolution of the Makrotantalon Unit and the magnitude, temporal, and spatial variability of exhumation via detachments on these islands.

L'étude présentée est une contribution à l'analyse du problème de l'extension tardi-orogénique dans les chaînes de montagne, qui intéresse depuis une quinzaine d'années de nombreux spécialistes de la lithosphère continentale. Des études slsmotectoniques, stratigraphiques, et j'analyse des populations de failles ont montré que le domaine continental égéen (Grèce) est largement affecté par une extension de type "arrière-arc" depuis au moins 13 Ma. U est reconnu que cette extension se superpose aux structures de l'orogénèse hellénique mésozoïquecénozoïque. Parmi les structures classiquement attribuées à la tectonique en chevauchement précoce, on distingue en particulier l'ensemble des déformations ductiles observées dans deux groupes d'unités à métamorphisme HP/ST traversant le domaine égéen. Le but de ce travail est de déterminer si, comme soupçonné depuis une dizaine d'années, une partie au moins de cette déformation ductile est le résultat d'une tectonique extensive et de préciser l'étendue, la cinématique et le contexte géodynamique de cette extension. Notre étude a consisté en une analyse 1 structurale du centre de l'Egée (îles des Cyclades et d'Eubée, domaine HP interne), examinant en particulier !a relation entre déformations ductile et fragile depuis l'affleurement jusqu'à l'échelle régionale. Les résultats de ce travail so nt les suivants: L'extension apparaît responsable de la plus grande partie de la déformation ductile au sein des unités HP ayant largement subi les effets d'un second épisode métamorphique dans le faciès schiste vert ou de plus haute température. Sur chaque île étudiée, une déformation progressive en extension est- reconnue, liée au développement d'une zone de détachement majeure se prolongeant jusqu'à environ 18-25 km de profondeur. Un déplacement important le long de la zone de détachement rend compte du refroidissement et de l'exhumation rapides de la croûte inférieure ductile qui vient former* localement un dôme métamorphique, ou "metamorphic core complex". Au moins deux -probablement trois- zones de détachement majeures sont identifiées à l'échelle du domaine centre-égéen, subparallèles et inclinées au nord, orientées NW-SE dans le nord-ouest des Cyclades et E-W dans le sud-est. Les inclinaisons initiales q\3 ces zones de détachement sont estimées entre 30 et 45°. La géométrie actuelle du système extensif implique que les détachements et les dômes métamorphiques associés interfèrent les uns aV9C les autres. Les données structurales sont en faveur d'un modele cinématique caractérisé par le développement séquentiel de zones de détachement synthétiqJes, dans une direction opposée. à la pente des détachements. L'extension par détachements identifiée dans la région centre-égéenne est précoce (Oligocène-Miocène inférieur, âge minimal: 22-19 Ma) et liée à.un contexte "arrière-arc" tardi-orogénique et post-épaississement. L'âge minima: de l'extension étant significativement plus ancien que l'âge de la collision entre Arabie et Eurasie ( 13 Ma), on en déduit que l'initiation de l'extension égéenne ne peut pô-S resulter de l'extrusion latérale de l'Anatolie depuis le front de la collision arabique vers l'Egée, ainsi qu'il est communément admis. Le contexte géodynamique permettant l'initiation de l'extension est probablement le développement de l'arc de subduction sud:~ hellénique tel qu'il existe encore actuellement.

5 English abstract The introduction of the thesis represents a profound research of current knowledge and survey results to date about the geodynamic tectonic boundary development of the Teplá- Barrandien unit/Moldanubian senzu stricto and the Královský Hvozd unit in the Šumava Mountains. It also describes in detail lithology of the Královský Hvozd unit and historical as well as contemporary opinions of the tectonometamorphic development of the Královský Hvozd unit and adjacent Moldanubian unit and Teplá-Barrandien unit. The research part of the thesis brings results of the analysis of the Královský Hvozd unit tectonic development in relation with the tectonic development of broader surrounding area. The research combines field structural data, detailed microstructure data acquired from collected samples and results of studying deformation mechanisms on orthogneiss samples from the Královský Hvozd unit using the EBSD (Electron Back Scattered Diffraction) performed on partly recrystalised quartz aggregates. The research output is a construction of a tectonic development model of the Královský Hvozd unit and the adjacent area. Four main deformation events (D1-D4) were determined on the basis of structural record and their time sequence in the rocks of the Královský Hvozd unit. On the basis of kinematic...