Notre thèse s’attache à l’étude des systèmes représentationnels impliqués par la parenté par recours au don de spermatozoïdes. D’un point de vue théorique en psychologie sociale, l’objectif est de saisir la logique de ces systèmes (contenus et processus d’élaboration et de transformation) et leur efficacité au sein de la pratique sociale. La problématique porte sur les manières dont le sens commun traduit les enjeux anthropologiques relatifs à la parenté et au don dans le cas du don de spermatozoïdes. Nous nous inscrivons dans une approche sociogénétique des représentations sociales nous permettant de retracer les éléments et les jalons des processus d’appropriation symbolique en œuvre pour ceux qui ont pour tâche d’institutionnaliser ces pratiques et pour ceux qui en ont une expérience vécue. Nous avons développé un plan de recherche fonctionnant selon le principe de la triangulation des méthodes et organisant une étude multi-niveaux des phénomènes représentationnels. Grâce au partenariat scientifique avec la Fédération française des CECOS, nous avons rencontré des parents par recours au don de spermatozoïdes dans le cadre d’enquêtes quantitative et qualitative (entretiens individuels et focus groups). L’analyse des débats parlementaires de la révision de 2011 de la loi relative à la bioéthique complète ce design méthodologique. Les résultats ont permis de mettre au jour les systèmes représentationnels actualisés dans la sphère publique pour penser la parenté par recours au don, via la mise en évidence des tensions entre catégories de pensée fondamentales (thêmata) qui organisent le champ représentationnel des acteurs parlementaires. Le croisement des analyses dégage des similarités entre les logiques parentales et parlementaires (pro-anonymat) quant à cet anonymat du donneur, sans qu’il n’y ait de détermination, par ce régime anonyme, des pratiques parentales (majoritaires) de récits de sa conception à l’enfant. Les analyses des processus d’inscriptions psychosociales et culturelles du vécu de la parenté par recours au don témoignent toutefois d’un projet représentationnel partagé qui s’ancre dans des modes de parenté normalisés. Il s’actualise de manières paradoxales par un ensemble signifiant de pratiques (récits à l’enfant du recours au don ; dons d’ovocytes) qui se constituent en actions représentationnelles. La discussion souligne l’intérêt qu’il y a à considérer une pluralité de sociogenèses. Elles produisent des états représentationnels composites et la complexité de phénomènes en tensions, dont des actions représentationnelles transgressant et prolongeant l’ordre établi des attendus culturels et des rapports sociaux. / This thesis focuses on the representational systems involved in family building through sperm donation. Drawing on psychosocial theories, it investigates the logic behind these systems and their efficacy in social practices. Specifically, we explore how anthropological issues to do with kinship/relatedness and giving-receiving relationships are transformed into common sense knowledge in the case of sperm donation. This issue is considered using a sociogenetic approach, through the lens of social representations theory. Adopting this theoretical perspective allowed us to trace the elements and milestones of the processes of symbolic coping at play among those whose task is to institutionalise these practices, and among those who experience them.We developed a research programme organised according to principles of method triangulation, hence conducting multi-level studies of representational phenomena. Owing to our scientific partnership with the French federation of CECOS (certified clinics), we conducted quantitative and qualitative research (interviews and focus groups) with parents who conceived their children using sperm donation. A further aspect of our research was based upon an analysis of parliamentary debates regarding the 2011 revision to bioethics legislation in France.Our findings indicated the significance of representational systems for meaning making about parenthood through sperm donation. Specifically, the representational fields of parliamentary players were shown to be organised by tensions between fundamental categories of thought (themata). We found similarities between parental and parliamentary logics that both favoured anonymity, but no relationship between parents’ disclosure decisions and donor anonymity. We did however observe that parents make sense of sperm donation through a shared - yet negotiated - representational project anchored in a rather traditional family model. This project was found to be enacted paradoxically by a set of significant practices (disclosure strategies; egg donation) that constitute representational actions.Our discussion underlines the intense dynamic that underpins the investigated representational systems, studied in different areas of production and transformation. It leads to complex and tense representational phenomena, including actions that transgress and prolong the established cultural and social order.

This paper contributes to the discussion on the effects of single motherhood on happiness. We use a mixed-method approach. First, based on indepth interviews with mothers who gave birth while single, we explore mechanisms through which children may influence mothers' happiness. In a second step, we analyze panel survey data to quantify this influence. Our results leave no doubt that, while raising a child outside of marriage poses many challenges, parenthood has some positive influence on a lone mother's life. Our qualitative evidence shows that children are a central point in an unmarried woman's life, and that many life decisions are taken with consideration of the child's welfare, including escaping from pathological relationships. Our quantitative evidence shows that, although the general level of happiness among unmarried women is lower than among their married counterparts, raising a child does not have a negative impact on their happiness.

Muitas alterações têm ocorrido na última década na educação da área da saúde, com o intuito de formar profissionais que possam ter um olhar humanístico e possam trabalhar no Sistema Único de Saúde. O Curso de Farmácia também sofreu modificações, devido às reformas curriculares, incluindo disciplinas como a de Atenção Farmacêutica (Atenfar). A atenção farmacêutica é uma nova subárea do conhecimento agregada ao currículo dos cursos de farmácia com as novas diretrizes curriculares. Como disciplina foi inserida há poucos anos na Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Sul, sendo seus conteúdos divididos em 3 disciplinas: Atenção Farmacêutica I, Atenção Farmacêutica II e Atenção Farmacêutica III. Desde o início a Atenção Farmacêutica II buscou aplicar metodologias ativas no ensino presencial e a distância. No ano de 2012 a metodologia a distância foi adotada parcialmente na disciplina, sendo que os alunos tiveram metade das aulas no modelo presencial e metade a distância e segundo o tema a ser abordado. A disciplina realizou avaliações no início e no final do semestre com o intuito de avaliar se ocorreu diferenças na aprendizagem dos alunos devido a utilização da modalidade EAD ou presencial, bem como o que os mesmos alunos pensam sobre essas duas modalidades. Para realizar esta pesquisa utilizou-se o método quanti-qualitativo de triangulação, com o intuito de se avaliar os aspectos envolvidos com o desempenho, satisfação e percepção do aluno. Como resultados, foi encontrado que o EAD é tão eficiente quanto o presencial neste contexto estudado. Os alunos apresentaram satisfação pelo EAD de uma forma maior que pelo presencial. Além disso, o desempenho dos estudantes foi maior no EAD. / Many changes have been occurred in the last decade in the health education area, in order to form professionals who can have a humanistic look and can work in Brazilian Public Health System. Pharmacy Course also has changed due to curricular reforms, including disciplines such as Pharmaceutical Care. Pharmaceutical Care is a new subfield of knowledge aggregate the curriculum of pharmacy with the new curriculum guidelines. How discipline was inserted a few years ago at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, and its contents divided into three disciplines: Pharmaceutical Care I, Pharmaceutical Care II and Pharmaceutical Care III. From the beginning the Pharmaceutical Care II sought to apply active methods in face to face and distance classes. In the year 2012 the distance learning methodology was adopted in part on the discipline, with half of the students had classes face to face classes and half distance learning classes, and according to the topic being discussed. The course evaluations conducted at the beginning and end of the semester in order to assess whether differences occurred in student learning because the use of distance learning mode or face to face, as well as what students think about these two modalities. To conduct this research, we used the triangulation quantitative and qualitative method, in order to evaluate the issues involved with the performance, satisfaction and perception of the student. As a result, it was found that the distance learning is as efficient as the face to face in this study context. Students were satisfied by the distance learning in a way greater than the face to face. In addition, student performance was higher in distance learning.

Muitas alterações têm ocorrido na última década na educação da área da saúde, com o intuito de formar profissionais que possam ter um olhar humanístico e possam trabalhar no Sistema Único de Saúde. O Curso de Farmácia também sofreu modificações, devido às reformas curriculares, incluindo disciplinas como a de Atenção Farmacêutica (Atenfar). A atenção farmacêutica é uma nova subárea do conhecimento agregada ao currículo dos cursos de farmácia com as novas diretrizes curriculares. Como disciplina foi inserida há poucos anos na Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Sul, sendo seus conteúdos divididos em 3 disciplinas: Atenção Farmacêutica I, Atenção Farmacêutica II e Atenção Farmacêutica III. Desde o início a Atenção Farmacêutica II buscou aplicar metodologias ativas no ensino presencial e a distância. No ano de 2012 a metodologia a distância foi adotada parcialmente na disciplina, sendo que os alunos tiveram metade das aulas no modelo presencial e metade a distância e segundo o tema a ser abordado. A disciplina realizou avaliações no início e no final do semestre com o intuito de avaliar se ocorreu diferenças na aprendizagem dos alunos devido a utilização da modalidade EAD ou presencial, bem como o que os mesmos alunos pensam sobre essas duas modalidades. Para realizar esta pesquisa utilizou-se o método quanti-qualitativo de triangulação, com o intuito de se avaliar os aspectos envolvidos com o desempenho, satisfação e percepção do aluno. Como resultados, foi encontrado que o EAD é tão eficiente quanto o presencial neste contexto estudado. Os alunos apresentaram satisfação pelo EAD de uma forma maior que pelo presencial. Além disso, o desempenho dos estudantes foi maior no EAD. / Many changes have been occurred in the last decade in the health education area, in order to form professionals who can have a humanistic look and can work in Brazilian Public Health System. Pharmacy Course also has changed due to curricular reforms, including disciplines such as Pharmaceutical Care. Pharmaceutical Care is a new subfield of knowledge aggregate the curriculum of pharmacy with the new curriculum guidelines. How discipline was inserted a few years ago at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, and its contents divided into three disciplines: Pharmaceutical Care I, Pharmaceutical Care II and Pharmaceutical Care III. From the beginning the Pharmaceutical Care II sought to apply active methods in face to face and distance classes. In the year 2012 the distance learning methodology was adopted in part on the discipline, with half of the students had classes face to face classes and half distance learning classes, and according to the topic being discussed. The course evaluations conducted at the beginning and end of the semester in order to assess whether differences occurred in student learning because the use of distance learning mode or face to face, as well as what students think about these two modalities. To conduct this research, we used the triangulation quantitative and qualitative method, in order to evaluate the issues involved with the performance, satisfaction and perception of the student. As a result, it was found that the distance learning is as efficient as the face to face in this study context. Students were satisfied by the distance learning in a way greater than the face to face. In addition, student performance was higher in distance learning.

Muitas alterações têm ocorrido na última década na educação da área da saúde, com o intuito de formar profissionais que possam ter um olhar humanístico e possam trabalhar no Sistema Único de Saúde. O Curso de Farmácia também sofreu modificações, devido às reformas curriculares, incluindo disciplinas como a de Atenção Farmacêutica (Atenfar). A atenção farmacêutica é uma nova subárea do conhecimento agregada ao currículo dos cursos de farmácia com as novas diretrizes curriculares. Como disciplina foi inserida há poucos anos na Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Sul, sendo seus conteúdos divididos em 3 disciplinas: Atenção Farmacêutica I, Atenção Farmacêutica II e Atenção Farmacêutica III. Desde o início a Atenção Farmacêutica II buscou aplicar metodologias ativas no ensino presencial e a distância. No ano de 2012 a metodologia a distância foi adotada parcialmente na disciplina, sendo que os alunos tiveram metade das aulas no modelo presencial e metade a distância e segundo o tema a ser abordado. A disciplina realizou avaliações no início e no final do semestre com o intuito de avaliar se ocorreu diferenças na aprendizagem dos alunos devido a utilização da modalidade EAD ou presencial, bem como o que os mesmos alunos pensam sobre essas duas modalidades. Para realizar esta pesquisa utilizou-se o método quanti-qualitativo de triangulação, com o intuito de se avaliar os aspectos envolvidos com o desempenho, satisfação e percepção do aluno. Como resultados, foi encontrado que o EAD é tão eficiente quanto o presencial neste contexto estudado. Os alunos apresentaram satisfação pelo EAD de uma forma maior que pelo presencial. Além disso, o desempenho dos estudantes foi maior no EAD. / Many changes have been occurred in the last decade in the health education area, in order to form professionals who can have a humanistic look and can work in Brazilian Public Health System. Pharmacy Course also has changed due to curricular reforms, including disciplines such as Pharmaceutical Care. Pharmaceutical Care is a new subfield of knowledge aggregate the curriculum of pharmacy with the new curriculum guidelines. How discipline was inserted a few years ago at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, and its contents divided into three disciplines: Pharmaceutical Care I, Pharmaceutical Care II and Pharmaceutical Care III. From the beginning the Pharmaceutical Care II sought to apply active methods in face to face and distance classes. In the year 2012 the distance learning methodology was adopted in part on the discipline, with half of the students had classes face to face classes and half distance learning classes, and according to the topic being discussed. The course evaluations conducted at the beginning and end of the semester in order to assess whether differences occurred in student learning because the use of distance learning mode or face to face, as well as what students think about these two modalities. To conduct this research, we used the triangulation quantitative and qualitative method, in order to evaluate the issues involved with the performance, satisfaction and perception of the student. As a result, it was found that the distance learning is as efficient as the face to face in this study context. Students were satisfied by the distance learning in a way greater than the face to face. In addition, student performance was higher in distance learning.

Dans une perspective psychosociale, l’objectif de cette thèse est de saisir l’aspect dynamique de la rumeur inter et intragroupe et son rôle dans la reconstruction des mémoires collectives dans des contextes spatio-temporels précis. A partir d’une étude monographique, sur la catastrophe de l’usine AZF survenue le 21 septembre à Toulouse, notre travail de thèse vise à expliquer ce qui est en jeu pour les groupes en présence, d’adhérer à et de faire perdurer ou non, telle ou telle « version ». En prenant en compte l'espace en tant que cadre social de la mémoire, nous nous intéressons à l'inscription spatiale de la rumeur, notamment au travers des pratiques commémoratives, comme une manière de s'approprier les lieux détruits par cette catastrophe. Notre recherche s’ancre dans le champ de la pensée sociale interrogeant les savoirs du sens commun et les manières de penser en contexte en fonction des insertions sociales des individus. Dans cette perspective nous adoptons le regard ternaire propre à la psychologie sociale pour interroger la rumeur dans une visée compréhensive du phénomène. Pour cela, nous avons mis en place une triangulation méthodologique (entretiens semi-directifs, observations, analyse de presse et questionnaires) afin de saisir la dynamique de la rumeur dans ses différentes temporalités, au travers de plusieurs groupes plus ou moins impliqués. L’analyse de l’ensemble des résultats confirme alors l’existence d’un phénomène rumoral à Toulouse plus de 10 ans après la catastrophe autour des origines de l’explosion au sein des différents lieux et groupes enquêtés. Le niveau d’implication des sujets et le degré des émotions négatives ressenties suite à l’événement sont alors des facteurs saillants expliquant d’une part, l’adhésion à une rumeur et, d’autre part, sa persistance. Toutefois, nos résultats mettent en évidence des variations de contenu du message de la rumeur selon les groupes en fonction de leur insertion et position sociales ainsi que du lien qui les rattachait à l’usine AZF. Notre recherche souligne ainsi combien le processus de la rumeur et les fonctions qu’elle remplit ne sont pas simplement animés par une mécanique cognitive de la pensée mais davantage motivés par des enjeux identitaires et mémoriels, selon les intérêts du moment pour le groupe. La permanence de la rumeur dans le temps et des lieux précis, témoigne alors de son rôle dans la transmission d’une mémoire collective, de sorte qu’elle soit valorisante pour les groupes. / In a psychosocial perspective, the aim of this research is to capture the dynamic aspect of inter and intragroup rumor and its role in the reconstruction of collective memories in specific spatiotemporal contexts. Based on a monographic study relative to the explosion of the AZF factory that occurred September 21th, 2001, in Toulouse, our PhD work aims to explain what is at stake for the groups involved, and why would they adopt and perpetuate or not a « version » of the story or another. Taking into account space as a social framework of memory, we will focus on the spatial inscription of the rumor, particularly through commemorative practices, considered as a way to re-appropriate places destroyed by the catastrophe. Our research belongs to the field of social thought, which question common sense knowledge and ways of thinking in specific contexts, depending on individuals’ social insertion. In this perspective, we adopt a « ternary » interpretation of facts, inherent to social psychology, to investigate rumor in a comprehensive approach. To fulfill this goal, we applied methodological triangulation in our research (semi-structured interviews, observations, press analyses and questionnaires), in order to seize the dynamic of rumor in its different temporalities, through several groups more or less involved. The analysis of all results confirm the existence of a rumor phenomenon in Toulouse over 10 years after the disaster and related to the origins of the explosion, in the different investigated places and groups. The level of implication and the level of negative emotions felt after the event are salient factors to explain both the adhesion to a rumor and its persistence. However, our results highlight variations in the message content for different groups depending on their social insertion and position as well as the bond that relationship that bonded them to the AZF factory. Our research affirm that the rumor process and functions are not simply animated by a cognitive mechanisms of though but rather motivated by identity and memory issues, depending on the group’s present interest. The persistence of rumor in specific times and places demonstrate its role in the transmission of a collective memory, in a gratifying way for the involved groups.

Les produits traditionnels semblent être une « nouvelle » tendance pour les produits alimentaires. De nombreux travaux sont effectués pour définir ce qu’est le produit traditionnel. Cependant, nous observons par la littérature en sciences de gestion que le produit traditionnel alimentaire est un concept flou, qui manque de précision. D’ailleurs, nous ne pouvons pas savoir avec précision ce que le consommateur perçoit comme traditionnel dans un produit alimentaire. Dans l’optique d’apporter une vision différente, nous nous intéressons à comprendre les éléments traditionnels perçus dans le produit alimentaire. Nous mobilisons une revue de littérature en sciences sociales afin d’apporter de la clarté et structurer la traditionnalité perçue d’un produit alimentaire. Notre collecte de données utilise plusieurs méthodes qualitatives. Pour donner une nouvelle vision de ce qui est perçu comme traditionnel, nous faisons l’analyse à l’aide de la Grounded Theory. Avec les résultats de cette analyse, nous proposons quatre dimensions de la traditionnalité. Nous réalisons une triangulation méthodologique des données par une analyse statistique de données textuelles. Nos résultats sont concluants. La traditionnalité perçue d’un produit alimentaire est un concept expérientiel, à quatre dimensions : processuelle, dynamique, identitaire et rituelle. Cette conceptualisation apporte de la clarté en termes théoriques. Elle ouvre de voies pour le développement des outils de mesure. En termes managériales, la mise en évidence de la traditionnalité perçue d’un produit alimentaire et l’expérience de consommation ou d’élaboration offre des possibilités de développement aux producteurs. / Traditional food products seem to be a "new" trend. A lot of work has been done to define what is a traditional product. However, we observe from the literature review in management that traditional food product is a fuzzy concept, which lacks of precision. Besides we can not know precisely what the consumer perceives as raditional in food product. In order to provide a different point of view, we are interested in understanding the traditional elements perceived in the food product. We mobilize a literature review in the social sciences in order to bring clarity and structure to perceived traditionality of food product. Our data collection uses several qualitative methods. To give a new vision of what is perceived as traditional, we make an analysis using the Grounded Theory. Through the results of this analysis, we propose four dimensions of traditionality. We perform a methodological triangulation of the data by statistical analysis of textual data. Our results are conclusive. The perceived traditionality of a food product is an experiential concept, with four dimensions: process, dynamics, identity and ritual. This structuring brings clarity in theoretical terms. It opens up ways for the development of measurement tools. In managerial terms, the highlighting of the perceived traditionality of a food product and the elaboration or consumer experience offers development opportunities to producers.

Small business owners struggle to sustain their businesses over time. According to U.S. Census data in 2014, only half of all small businesses survived beyond the first 5 years of operation, and only a third survived longer than 10 years. Grounded with the strategic contingency theory, the purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies small service business owners used to succeed beyond the first 5 years of operation. The target population consisted of 4 owners of small service and retail businesses in Arlington, VA, with fewer than 50 employees who have succeeded in business longer than 5 years. Through a process of methodological triangulation, data collected from financial documents, publicly available records, and external sources supplemented semistructured interview data. Using thematic analysis by coding narrative segments, 3 themes emerged including developing a unique marketing strategy, developing strategic leadership skills, and required business skills for sustainability. Successful unique marketing strategies emerged from understanding customer needs. The results from this study could benefit business owners by improving business success rates, which would have a positive economic effect on local community, including job creation, and sustainable economic stability. The implications for positive social change might include the reversal of small business failure trends through the application of successful business strategies.

Cette thèse vise à comprendre et à apporter des solutions à la problématique de la baisse du nombre de praticiens ruraux qui touche les vétérinaires en France depuis une trentaine d'années. La population des étudiants vétérinaires est au centre de cette recherche afin d’analyser ce qui les conduit ou non à choisir la pratique rurale. En dépassant les critères socio-démographiques (féminisation, origine urbaine…), le travail se focalise sur les représentations sociales que les étudiants construisent de leur métier et de son environnement spatial tout au long du cursus de formation vétérinaire. Pour cela, l’approche méthodologique utilise des évocations hiérarchisées (n=116), une enquête à grande échelle (n=1508), et une méthodologie originale : des entretiens avec cartes mentales (n=72). Les résultats montrent que les étudiants font évoluer leurs représentations tout au long du parcours mais que de nombreux biais existent. Ceux-ci proviennent en partie du cursus d'enseignement. Ces biais génèrent alors des freins à l'installation en milieu rural qu'il faut surmonter. La seconde partie de la thèse traite donc de la construction et du test d’un dispositif pédagogique sur un échantillon d’étudiants (n=24) dans le cursus vétérinaire, le « jeu de territoire ». Celui-ci permet aux étudiants de mieux appréhender la diversité de la vie de vétérinaire en milieu rural et offre alors une première clé actionnable pour favoriser l’installation en pratique rurale. L’ensemble des résultats produits montrent ainsi que le cursus doit être mobilisé comme une transition, notamment psychosociale, vers le monde professionnel, permettant l’acquisition de nouveaux savoirs en lien avec le territoire d’activité, et dépassant le cadre académique traditionnel. / This thesis aims to understand and provide solutions to the problem of the declining number of rural practitioners that has been affecting veterinarians in France for thirty years. The population of veterinary students is the focus of this research to analyze what led them or not to choose rural practice. To overcome socio-demographic criteria (feminization, urban origin ...), this work focuses on social representations that students build about their future work and its space environment during the curriculum. In this way, a methodological triangulation uses hierarchical evocations (n = 116), a large-scale survey (n = 1508), and an original methodology: interviews with mental maps (n = 72). The results show that students’ representations evolve throughout the course but many biases exist. These come in part from the teaching curriculum. These biases generate barriers to rural facility which may be overcome. The second part of the thesis therefore deals with the construction and the test of a pedagogical tool on a sample of students (n = 24) in the veterinary curriculum, the "territory game". It allows students to better understand the diversity of veterinary rural life and then offers a first operable key to encourage the installation in rural practice. All of these results show that the curriculum must be mobilized as a psychosocial transition, towards the professional world and must allow the acquisition of new knowledge related to the activity territories, beyond the traditional academic setting.

This study is unique considering the location (Africa) and the industrial setting (Gold Mining) from which the research was studied as reward systems had mostly been studied in the North-American and European settings. Thus, the study  considered  rewards from the perspective of the African and its natural resource industries such as the gold mining industry.   The methodology employed in the study was based on a case study approach at Golden Star (Bogoso/Prestea) Limited (GSB/PL) with a population size of 1029 employees combining both qualitative and quantitative data obtained through a questionnaire survey of a 278 sample size and structured interview with the Human Resources and Administration Manager. Thus, the method of data collection represents methodological triangulation and the data obtained from the study represents a primary source of data.   The study revealed that all the three generational groups (Baby Boomers, GEN Xers and   GEN Yers) places higher emphasis or priority on financial incentives (high salary and bonuses) over any other incentives when respondents were asked to indicate the reward they prefer most. But when rewards were considered as a total package profile, greater number of  the baby boomers placed more emphasis or priority on packages with highly flexible pension benefits, long term job security and high internal promotions eventhough the salary and bonus components of the packages (profile) were not that attract. The GEN X and GEN Y groups still maintained their reward package profile preferences based on  high financial incentives, training and learning opportunities, personal growth and career advancement.   The study revealed that aside the high preferences for financial incentives such as high salary and bonuses by all the generational groups, few of the  GEN X and GEN Y also exhibited other preferences such as high personal growth, flexible work schedule, attractive company policy and administration, career advancement, working environment, job security and praises and recognition of which the baby boomers did not indicate any preferences or interest.   The study revealed that all the three generational groups (Baby Boomers, GEN X and GEN Y) consider high salary and bonuses as factor which causes employee dissatisfaction when not satisfied or available but when they are satisfied or available also do not motivate or cause satisfaction and thus  confirming Herzberg Two-Factor theory that  factors such as salary or remuneration, job security, working conditions and company policies  only prevent employee dissatisfaction.   The study revealed that all generational groups (baby boomers, GEN X and GEN Y) consider high salaries and bonuses as factor which could lead to lack of satisfaction and motivation of the employee in his current role or position when not available or satisfied and thus this finding confirm the traditional belief that pay is prime, or in some cases the only source of motivation but contradict Herzberg claim that  pay (high salaries and bonuses) is only an extrinsic factor and that when is available or satisfied, pay does not bring satisfaction and motivation but rather prevents dissatisfaction.   The study revealed that GSB/PL rewards systems basically comprises of extrinsic rewards such as high salary levels (pay increases), a bonus scheme,  training  and learning opportunities, job security, Stock options, Retirement/Pension benefits such as social security and provident fund,  promotions,  attractive company policies and administration, praises and recognition, good working environment, flexible work schedule,  Long service awards and benefits such as housing, Health insurance, Vacation/Annual leave benefits, transportation/bussing service, messing (provision of meals to employees only when at work), and educational benefits (for employees dependants).   The study also revealed that the design and implementation of GSB/PL reward systems involves four distinct phases: assessment, design, execution and evaluation phases.   In the end, a suitable conclusion was drawn and a number of recommendations proposed to be implemented by the mining company in safeguarding the interest of both employees and the employer.