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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Measuring and predicting the dynamics of linear monodisperse entangled polymers in rapid flow through an abrupt contraction: a small angle neutron scattering study

Gough, Tim, Bent, J., Graham, R.S., Hutchings, L.R., Coates, Philip D., Richards, R.W., Groves, D.J., Embery, J., Nicholson, T.M., McLeish, T.C.B., Likhtman, A.E., Harlen, O.G., Read, D.J., Grillo, I. January 2006 (has links)
No / Small-angle neutron scattering measurements on a series of monodisperse linear entangled polystyrene melts in nonlinear flow through an abrupt 4:1 contraction have been made. Clear signatures of melt deformation and subsequent relaxation can be observed in the scattering patterns, which were taken along the centerline. These data are compared with the predictions of a recently derived molecular theory. Two levels of molecular theory are used: a detailed equation describing the evolution of molecular structure over all length scales relevant to the scattering data and a simplified version of the model, which is suitable for finite element computations. The velocity field for the complex melt flow is computed using the simplified model and scattering predictions are made by feeding these flow histories into the detailed model. The modeling quantitatively captures the full scattering intensity patterns over a broad range of data with independent variation of position within the contraction geometry, bulk flow rate and melt molecular weight. The study provides a strong, quantitative validation of current theoretical ideas concerning the microscopic dynamics of entangled polymers which builds upon existing comparisons with nonlinear mechanical stress data. Furthermore, we are able to confirm the appreciable length scale dependence of relaxation in polymer melts and highlight some wider implications of this phenomenon.
2

Microscopic theory and analysis of the mechanical properties of magneto-sensitive elastomers in a homogeneous magnetic field

Ivaneiko, Dmytro 08 November 2016 (has links) (PDF)
Magneto-sensitive elastomers (MSEs) establish a special class of smart materials, which are able to change their shape and mechanical behavior under external magnetic field. Nowadays, MSEs are one of the most perspective smart materials, since they can be used for design of functionally integrated lightweight structures in sensors, robotics, actuators and damper applications. MSEs typically consist of micron-sized magnetizable particles (e.g. carbonyl iron) dispersed within a non-magnetic elastomeric matrix. The spatial distribution of magnetic particles in MSEs can be either isotropic or anisotropic, depending on whether they have been aligned by an applied magnetic field before the cross-linking of the polymer. Depending on the magnetic properties of the particles, their shape, size and spatial distribution, the MSEs can exhibit different mechanical behavior. Most experimental studies show that MSEs with isotropic distribution of magnetic particles demonstrate a uniaxial expansion along the magnetic field. On the other side, it was shown experimentally that MSEs with anisotropic particle distributions demonstrate a uniaxial contraction along the magnetic field. Also, the experimental works show that the shear moduli of MSEs increase with increasing strength of the magnetic field and depend on the magnetic properties, volume fraction and spatial distribution of particles. Different analytical approaches were used in theoretical studies of the mechanical behavior of MSEs. They can be roughly classified as phenomenological, continuum-mechanics and microscopic approaches. In the phenomenological approaches, the expansion into a series of the shear modulus as a function of the strength of the magnetic field has been proposed, the coefficients of the expansion being considered as phenomenological fitting parameters. In the continuum-mechanics approach, an MSE is considered as continuous magnetic media. It allows us to determine the shape and the change in volume of a spherical MSE sample, placed in a uniform magnetic field. However, this approach is restricted to homogeneous particle distributions. The microscopic approach has a clear advantage, while a discrete particle distribution and pair-wise interactions between induced magnetic dipoles can be considered explicitly. The aim of the present work is to develop a microscopic theory, which properly describes the mechanical behavior of MSEs in the external magnetic field. The theory takes a microscopic structure, finite shape of the samples and magneto-mechanical coupling between particle positions and sample deformation explicitly into account.
3

O USO DE ANALOGIA E RESOLUÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS PARA AUXILIAR NA APRENDIZAGEM DE CONCEITOS ENVOLVIDOS NA TEORIA MICROSCÓPICA DA CONDUÇÃO ELÉTRICA

Miranda, Renato Fumagalli 28 December 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-27T19:13:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Renato Fumagalli Miranda.pdf: 2985901 bytes, checksum: f813463dac4d793c0857ee6b4b4edde1 (MD5) Renato Fumagalli Miranda.pdf.txt: 143222 bytes, checksum: 4e66988cfb8dbe77f967d7b19c2e2ce9 (MD5) Renato Fumagalli Miranda.pdf.jpg: 3661 bytes, checksum: 7c493ae73dcaa2a6a45615b6623fec9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this work is described the development and application of a didactic activity of teaching that uses an analogy and Modellus software to assist in learning the concepts involved in the microscopic theory of electrical conduction. This work uses as a theoretical basis the theory of Meaningful Learning of David Ausubel and modeling Schematic proposed by Ibrahim A. Halloun. The use of analogies is modeled on TWA -Teaching-With-Analogies developed by Glynn by and modified Harrison and Treagust. To represent the microscopic theory of electrical conduction was used a mechanical analogy proposed by Bagnato and Rodrigues and adapted by Orengo. During the implementation of this activity the students were very interested and motivated to participate. In a qualitative analysis of the results is evidence that most students achieved learning significant. / Neste trabalho está descrito o desenvolvimento e aplicação de uma atividade didática de ensino que utiliza analogia e o software Modellus para auxiliar na aprendizagem dos conceitos envolvidos na teoria microscópica da condução elétrica. Este trabalhou utiliza como fundamentação teórica a Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa de David Ausubel e a modelagem esquemática proposta por Ibrahim A. Halloun. A utilização de analogias segue o modelo TWA - Teaching-With-Analogies (ensinando com analogias) desenvolvido por Glynn e modificado por Harrison e Treagust. Como situação análoga a teoria microscópica da condução elétrica foi utilizado o análogo mecânico proposto por Bagnato e Rodrigues e adaptado por Orengo. Durante a aplicação desta atividade os alunos mostraram-se bastante interessados e motivados a participar. Analisando qualitativamente os resultados da aplicação há indícios que a maioria dos alunos atingiu uma aprendizagem significativa.
4

Microscopic theory and analysis of the mechanical properties of magneto-sensitive elastomers in a homogeneous magnetic field

Ivaneiko, Dmytro 15 September 2016 (has links)
Magneto-sensitive elastomers (MSEs) establish a special class of smart materials, which are able to change their shape and mechanical behavior under external magnetic field. Nowadays, MSEs are one of the most perspective smart materials, since they can be used for design of functionally integrated lightweight structures in sensors, robotics, actuators and damper applications. MSEs typically consist of micron-sized magnetizable particles (e.g. carbonyl iron) dispersed within a non-magnetic elastomeric matrix. The spatial distribution of magnetic particles in MSEs can be either isotropic or anisotropic, depending on whether they have been aligned by an applied magnetic field before the cross-linking of the polymer. Depending on the magnetic properties of the particles, their shape, size and spatial distribution, the MSEs can exhibit different mechanical behavior. Most experimental studies show that MSEs with isotropic distribution of magnetic particles demonstrate a uniaxial expansion along the magnetic field. On the other side, it was shown experimentally that MSEs with anisotropic particle distributions demonstrate a uniaxial contraction along the magnetic field. Also, the experimental works show that the shear moduli of MSEs increase with increasing strength of the magnetic field and depend on the magnetic properties, volume fraction and spatial distribution of particles. Different analytical approaches were used in theoretical studies of the mechanical behavior of MSEs. They can be roughly classified as phenomenological, continuum-mechanics and microscopic approaches. In the phenomenological approaches, the expansion into a series of the shear modulus as a function of the strength of the magnetic field has been proposed, the coefficients of the expansion being considered as phenomenological fitting parameters. In the continuum-mechanics approach, an MSE is considered as continuous magnetic media. It allows us to determine the shape and the change in volume of a spherical MSE sample, placed in a uniform magnetic field. However, this approach is restricted to homogeneous particle distributions. The microscopic approach has a clear advantage, while a discrete particle distribution and pair-wise interactions between induced magnetic dipoles can be considered explicitly. The aim of the present work is to develop a microscopic theory, which properly describes the mechanical behavior of MSEs in the external magnetic field. The theory takes a microscopic structure, finite shape of the samples and magneto-mechanical coupling between particle positions and sample deformation explicitly into account.
5

Mikroskopische Theorie der optischen Eigenschaften indirekter Halbleiter-Quantenfilme

Imhof, Sebastian 01 February 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Indirekte Halbleiter, wie beispielsweise Silizium, zählen bei technischen Anwendungen zu den wichtigsten halbleitenden Materialien. Die indirekte Bandstruktur führt jedoch dazu, dass diese Materialien schlechte Lichtemitter sind. Die theoretische Beschreibung der optischen Eigenschaften dieser Materialien wurde in früheren Betrachtungen über phänomenologische Ansätze verfolgt. In dieser Arbeit wird eine mikroskopische Theorie, basierend auf den Heisenberg-Bewegungsgleichungen, entwickelt, um die Prozesse im Bereich der indirekten Energielücke zu beschreiben. Nach Herleitung der relevanten Gleichungen wird im ersten Anwendungskapitel die Absorption und optische Verstärkung im thermischen Gleichgewicht diskutiert. Bei der Diskussion wird insbesondere auf den Unterschied zu direkten Halbleitern eingegangen. Es zeigt sich, dass sich die optische Verstärkung in indirekten Halbleitern fundamental von denen in direkten unterscheidet. Im Gegensatz zum direkten Halbleiter kann die maximale optische Verstärkung eines indirekten Übergangs die maximale Absorption um Größenordnungen übertreffen. Im zweiten Anwendungsteil werden Nichtgleichgewichtsphänomene diskutiert. Durch starke optische Anregung kann eine hohe Elektronenkonzentration am Gamma-Punkt erzeugt werden. Da das globale Bandstrukturminimum aber am Rand der Brillouinzone liegt, verweilen die Elektronen nicht lange dort, sondern streuen in das Leitungsbandminimum. Dieser Prozess der sogenannten Intervalley-Streuung wird im Hinblick auf Gedächtniseffekte diskutiert. Nach dem Streuprozess der Elektronen besitzt das System eine Überschussenergie, die sich in einem Aufheizen der Ladungsträger zeigt. Das zweite Nichtgleichgewichtsphänomen ist das Abkühlen des Lochsystems, welches aufgrund der Trennung der Elektronen und Löcher in indirekten Halbleiter auch im Experiment getrennt untersucht werden kann. Mithilfe eines Experiment-Theorie-Vergleichs wird ein schneller Elektron-Loch-Streuprozess nachgewiesen, der dazu führt, dass in indirekten Halbleitern das Thermalisieren und Equilibrieren der Elektronen und Löcher auf der gleichen Zeitskala stattfindet.
6

Mikroskopische Theorie der optischen Eigenschaften indirekter Halbleiter-Quantenfilme: Mikroskopische Theorie der optischen Eigenschaftenindirekter Halbleiter-Quantenfilme

Imhof, Sebastian 19 December 2011 (has links)
Indirekte Halbleiter, wie beispielsweise Silizium, zählen bei technischen Anwendungen zu den wichtigsten halbleitenden Materialien. Die indirekte Bandstruktur führt jedoch dazu, dass diese Materialien schlechte Lichtemitter sind. Die theoretische Beschreibung der optischen Eigenschaften dieser Materialien wurde in früheren Betrachtungen über phänomenologische Ansätze verfolgt. In dieser Arbeit wird eine mikroskopische Theorie, basierend auf den Heisenberg-Bewegungsgleichungen, entwickelt, um die Prozesse im Bereich der indirekten Energielücke zu beschreiben. Nach Herleitung der relevanten Gleichungen wird im ersten Anwendungskapitel die Absorption und optische Verstärkung im thermischen Gleichgewicht diskutiert. Bei der Diskussion wird insbesondere auf den Unterschied zu direkten Halbleitern eingegangen. Es zeigt sich, dass sich die optische Verstärkung in indirekten Halbleitern fundamental von denen in direkten unterscheidet. Im Gegensatz zum direkten Halbleiter kann die maximale optische Verstärkung eines indirekten Übergangs die maximale Absorption um Größenordnungen übertreffen. Im zweiten Anwendungsteil werden Nichtgleichgewichtsphänomene diskutiert. Durch starke optische Anregung kann eine hohe Elektronenkonzentration am Gamma-Punkt erzeugt werden. Da das globale Bandstrukturminimum aber am Rand der Brillouinzone liegt, verweilen die Elektronen nicht lange dort, sondern streuen in das Leitungsbandminimum. Dieser Prozess der sogenannten Intervalley-Streuung wird im Hinblick auf Gedächtniseffekte diskutiert. Nach dem Streuprozess der Elektronen besitzt das System eine Überschussenergie, die sich in einem Aufheizen der Ladungsträger zeigt. Das zweite Nichtgleichgewichtsphänomen ist das Abkühlen des Lochsystems, welches aufgrund der Trennung der Elektronen und Löcher in indirekten Halbleiter auch im Experiment getrennt untersucht werden kann. Mithilfe eines Experiment-Theorie-Vergleichs wird ein schneller Elektron-Loch-Streuprozess nachgewiesen, der dazu führt, dass in indirekten Halbleitern das Thermalisieren und Equilibrieren der Elektronen und Löcher auf der gleichen Zeitskala stattfindet.

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