Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 182-198).

A vast majority of tourism development in Guanacaste has occurred in the northern coastal region along the Pacific coast (Honey, Vargas and Durham 2010). However, recent development is beginning to move south as developers visualize big returns on early investments. As new tourism development continues to expand in the southern region of the Nicoya Peninsula, small communities are being transformed from small fishing and farming communities to communities heavily reliant on tourism. Playa Azul, a small beach town in the southern region of the Nicoya Peninsula, is one such community. This dissertation utilizes ethnographic fieldwork to examine the impacts of tourism on the daily lives of residents of Playa Azul, particularly looking at how local residents cope with perceived changes to the norms and values of the community as tourism development continues to expand in the area. The penetration of foreign capital into the community is having a transformative effect on community relations, particularly challenging community norms and values. It is my contention that as Playa Azul continues to develop as a primary tourist destination and development continues to expand, the rifts within the community between existing community members (Azuleños, foreign Ticos and lifestyle migrants) and newly arriving “business-oriented” members will continue to grow with it. I argue this has led to subtle forms of resistance among community members as they work to maintain the pura vida “vibe” of the town and the values that support a multicultural community based on humility, acceptance and mutual respect. / 2021-01-11

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University. / The "wetback" and bracero episodes of 1930-1960 had their origins in the Quota Act of 1921. The Act, as amended, limited immigration to 150,000 annually and established quotas based on the national origins of the population of the United States. It thereby cut off large-scale immigration from Southeastern Europe. The "wetbacks" who gained their name from their surreptitious and successful attempts to ford the Rio Grande and thus slip illegally into the United States, occasioned no serious problems in the 1930's; during the depression years only a few Mexicans crossed the border and sought work in American fields at harvest time. The American involvement in World War II, however, impelled a substantial displacement of American farm workers; the "wetback" traffic accelerated proportionately. The War's end did not check the swelling influx of illegal entrants. The number grew steadily, prior to 1954, until it approximated 1,200,000 annually. Most members of the migratory labor force, remaining in the United States only during the crop-growing season, returned each year to their homeland. Not more than a small percentage attempted to remain permanently north of the border. [TRUNCATED]

This research focuses on the special considerations and reasons for Burmese migrants and refugees from Burma living in Mae Sot, Tak province, Northern Thailand to stay in Thailand or return to Burma/Myanmar. The researcher has more than three-years of experience of living and working in Northern Thailand. During the thesis process, the researcher lived and worked in Mae Sot. A multi-method approach was applied to compile the experiences, knowledge, opinions and feelings of migrants and refugees from Burma. The research presented in this thesis shows that, even though the push factors from leading a life in Thailand are increasing in terms of obtaining legal documents, the pull factors towards return or repatriation to Burma remain few for refugees and migrants. In terms of the labour situation, migrants can earn more money and get more value for their money in Thailand. In addition, access to affordable education and health care is much greater in Thailand than in Burma, mostly due to initiatives by international non-governmental actors. In Burma, poverty continues to be an endemic challenge: there are difficulties for families to sustain their livelihoods and obtain access to quality healthcare and education. The findings from the research explain that migrants from Burma, many of which represent a marginalized minority in terms of ethnicity and religion, do not consider a future in Burma for themselves or their families if not forced to leave Thailand.   In particular, the Myanmar Muslim subpopulation and those with lower education possess experiences or have perceived discrimination of a potential future in Burma, largely related to issues with identification documents and registration. In addition, lack of land ownership remains a large obstacle for migrant workers and refugees in the consideration of where to live and work in the future.

Orientador: Maria de Lourdes Spazziani / Banca: Jandira Liria B. Talamoni / Banca: Claudia Coelho Santos / Resumo: O presente trabalho apresenta, como eixo central de estudo e investigação, as relações que permeiam a Educação Ambiental e a monocultura da cana-de-açúcar, destacando-se nessa relação os trabalhadores rurais ligados ao corte de cana. Isso porque, a produção canavieira tem demonstrado uma herança histórica de intensificação e exploração, tanto no que se refere à mão de obra humana quanto no uso dos recursos ambientais. Desse modo, traçamos o objetivo de identificar e analisar a compreensão dos cortadores de cana-de-açúcar inseridos na Educação de Jovens e Adultos, acerca da interação do ser humano com o meio ambiente bem como se, no entendimento desses sujeitos, a escola tem contribuído para ampliar essa compreensão dos cortadores de cana-de-açúcar inseridos na Educação de Jovens e Adultos, acerca da interação do ser humano com o meio ambiente, bem como se, no entendimento desses sujeitos, a escola tem contribuído para ampliar essa compreensão socioambiental. A escolha por investigar os sujeitos inseridos na educação escolar justifica-se por ser esta uma via fundamental na busca por novos horizontes de vida e na construção de valores associados às interações do ser humano com o meio ambiente. Assim, no intuito de atingir o objetivo traçado, tomamos a abordagem qualitativa como fundamentadora de nossa pesquisa. Tecemos ainda uma relação dialógica com os sujeitos investigados, para que pudessem narras suas experiências e saberes. Recorremos ao uso da história oral, como fonte metodológica na busca por sutentação no ouvir, compreender e interpretar as narrativas dos trabalhadores. Os dados coletados junto a nove trabalhadores articulam-se ao quadro teórico conceitual elaborado. Contamos, para tanto, com os aportes inseridos na perspectiva freireana, por entendermos que esta é capaz de auxiliar na compreensão das relações entre opressores e oprimidos, frente a uma perspectiva dialógica e... / Abstract: This work presents as the centerpieces of study and research, the relationship that permeate the Environmental Education and the monoculture of sugar cane, especially in this relationship rural workers linked to cutting cane. This is because cane production has shown a historical heritage of intensification and exploration, both in terms of human labor as the use of environmental resources. Thus, we draw to identify and analyze the understanding of sugar cane cutters entered in the Young and Adults Education, on the interaction between human beings and the environment, as well as in the understanding of these subjects, the school has contributed to extend this environmental understanding. The choice of investigate the subjects inserted in shool education is justified as this is a fundamental way in the search for new horizonts of life and the construction of associated values to the interactions of humans with the environment. So, in order to achieve the objective stroke, we took a qualitative approach as grounded of our research. Still weaved a dialogical relationship with the subjects investigated, so that they could narrate their experiences and knowledge. Resorted to the use of oral history as a methodological source in the search for support in listening, understanding and interpreting the narratives of workers. The data collected from nine employees are articulated to elaborate conceptual theoretical framework. We are counting, therefore, with contributions inserted in Freire's perspective, because we believe that it is able to assist in the understanding of the relationship between oppressor and downtrodden, against a diaological and liberating perspective. The results indicate that the cane cutters come to report, implicitly and explicitly, the environmental reality in which they operate, introducing to this, both the degradation of natural resources caused by the implementation of monoculture, for the human aggression felt by... / Mestre

This study is based on perceptions of risk behaviors for migrant Latino youth who participate in an after school program. Currently, there is no known research on perceptions of risk behaviors for migrant youth. There is plenty of research on after school program and how they are helpful in reducing or even preventing risk behaviors in adolescence. Fourteen migrant Latino youth between age's 10-18 grades 4-12 were studied. Participants attended the Illinois Council Migrant Technology Learning Center during after school hours between three and six p.m. A Q sort survey was given to each participant for collection of quantitative data. At the bottom of the q sort survey, qualitative questions were asked to gather qualitative data. Analysis of the data showed that the majority of the participants (n=12) comprised factor one, positive behaviors while only two participants comprise factor two, risk behaviors. Qualitative data revealed that participants felt the Technology Learning Center (TLC) is a good place to complete homework, socialize with friends, and use the computers.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:09:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-12. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:26:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000840995.pdf: 1450347 bytes, checksum: 19eee9f0db343216a213b9286ffaccb9 (MD5) / O presente trabalho apresenta, como eixo central de estudo e investigação, as relações que permeiam a Educação Ambiental e a monocultura da cana-de-açúcar, destacando-se nessa relação os trabalhadores rurais ligados ao corte de cana. Isso porque, a produção canavieira tem demonstrado uma herança histórica de intensificação e exploração, tanto no que se refere à mão de obra humana quanto no uso dos recursos ambientais. Desse modo, traçamos o objetivo de identificar e analisar a compreensão dos cortadores de cana-de-açúcar inseridos na Educação de Jovens e Adultos, acerca da interação do ser humano com o meio ambiente bem como se, no entendimento desses sujeitos, a escola tem contribuído para ampliar essa compreensão dos cortadores de cana-de-açúcar inseridos na Educação de Jovens e Adultos, acerca da interação do ser humano com o meio ambiente, bem como se, no entendimento desses sujeitos, a escola tem contribuído para ampliar essa compreensão socioambiental. A escolha por investigar os sujeitos inseridos na educação escolar justifica-se por ser esta uma via fundamental na busca por novos horizontes de vida e na construção de valores associados às interações do ser humano com o meio ambiente. Assim, no intuito de atingir o objetivo traçado, tomamos a abordagem qualitativa como fundamentadora de nossa pesquisa. Tecemos ainda uma relação dialógica com os sujeitos investigados, para que pudessem narras suas experiências e saberes. Recorremos ao uso da história oral, como fonte metodológica na busca por sutentação no ouvir, compreender e interpretar as narrativas dos trabalhadores. Os dados coletados junto a nove trabalhadores articulam-se ao quadro teórico conceitual elaborado. Contamos, para tanto, com os aportes inseridos na perspectiva freireana, por entendermos que esta é capaz de auxiliar na compreensão das relações entre opressores e oprimidos, frente a uma perspectiva dialógica e... / This work presents as the centerpieces of study and research, the relationship that permeate the Environmental Education and the monoculture of sugar cane, especially in this relationship rural workers linked to cutting cane. This is because cane production has shown a historical heritage of intensification and exploration, both in terms of human labor as the use of environmental resources. Thus, we draw to identify and analyze the understanding of sugar cane cutters entered in the Young and Adults Education, on the interaction between human beings and the environment, as well as in the understanding of these subjects, the school has contributed to extend this environmental understanding. The choice of investigate the subjects inserted in shool education is justified as this is a fundamental way in the search for new horizonts of life and the construction of associated values to the interactions of humans with the environment. So, in order to achieve the objective stroke, we took a qualitative approach as grounded of our research. Still weaved a dialogical relationship with the subjects investigated, so that they could narrate their experiences and knowledge. Resorted to the use of oral history as a methodological source in the search for support in listening, understanding and interpreting the narratives of workers. The data collected from nine employees are articulated to elaborate conceptual theoretical framework. We are counting, therefore, with contributions inserted in Freire's perspective, because we believe that it is able to assist in the understanding of the relationship between oppressor and downtrodden, against a diaological and liberating perspective. The results indicate that the cane cutters come to report, implicitly and explicitly, the environmental reality in which they operate, introducing to this, both the degradation of natural resources caused by the implementation of monoculture, for the human aggression felt by...

Internationally mobile individuals such as migrants and expatriates exhibit a higher level of entrepreneurial activity than people without cross-cultural experience. Current research suggests that this pattern is rooted in specific resources and institutional arrangements that increase the attractiveness of exploiting entrepreneurial opportunities. In this study, we provide an additional explanation: We argue that cross-cultural experience increases the ability to recognize entrepreneurial opportunities. This argument is supported by two complementary studies - a longitudinal quasi-experiment and a priming experiment. We find convergent evidence that cross-cultural experience increases a person's capabilities to recognize particularly profitable types of opportunities by facilitating the application of cross-cultural knowledge for the discovery of arbitrage opportunities and creative recombination. (authors' abstract)

Within the broader literature on migration, Japan is often portrayed as straddling two categories, one of a homogenous country and another of a multicultural society. The arguments on both sides are supported through the historical evidence, analysis of media resources, as well as narratives of Japanese residents. This inquiry seeks to highlight voices of migrants within these debates. This dissertation focuses on the urban – rural residential experiences of international migrants in Kanto and Tohoku regions. This inquiry treats international migration processes in terms of moving between the contexts of different countries as well as between urban – rural locations. These global – local experiences of migrants are set within broader milieu of the social and spatial stratifications created through neoliberal competition. The theoretical framework for this analysis is based on post-structural understandings of identity, migration, and economy. This study draws on qualitative methods, including, ethnographic data, interviews, content and textual analysis of job advertisements, as well as cognitive mapping. These sources allow us to create a unique portrait of migrant subjectivity that pulls from different contexts of fluid, spatial identities which mediate migrants’ interpretations of living and working in neoliberal Japan. The findings of this dissertation support the thesis that intersectional social identities such as gender, ethnicity, and social class, have a spatial component.

This research employs critical theories of citizenship to investigate the role of rural-to-urban migrant workers in the construction and transformation of citizenship in China. Migrant workers have long been portrayed as uncivilised and uncultured Others in contrast to the modern and urban Self in China. This binary discourse has been accompanied and strengthened by a citizenship regime based on the hukou (household registration) system, whereby access to citizenship rights in the cities is only provided for those registered as urban-hukou-holders and is thus denied to rural migrants. Through the analysis of findings from a year of fieldwork conducted among non-governmental organisations (NGOs) established by migrant workers in China, I enquire into the new ways of conceiving citizenship in China. These are the ways which go beyond the bifurcated rural-urban citizenship status and the passivity of docile and neoliberal subjects, and which instead transform citizenship via the self-remaking of migrant workers into 'worker-citizens', who utilise the urban as a new space of struggle for belonging and rights. This self-transformation is conducted through ‘acts of citizenship’, that is acts which challenge the contemporary citizenship construction in China and which simultaneously transform the performer into an activist citizen (Isin and Nielsen, 2008). By looking at how migrant workers perform ‘acts of citizenship’ around the three ‘sites’ of NGOs, labour and space, this research contends that citizenship in China does not have to be bound to the set of rights defined by the state, but rather that it can be remade by the active participation in politics of those who are normally excluded as non-citizens.