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This thesis argues that the officer establishment of the British Army experienced considerable professional, administrative and social change from its expansion in 1689 to the outbreak of war in 1739. In the intervening fifty year period, the British army and the officers who led it experienced alternate periods of prolonged war and peace. This led to the retention and dissemination of administrative practices, gentlemanly behaviours and professional competencies that enabled officers to remain motivated and dedicated to military service, despite multiple factors that hindered their ambitions and reduced their career prospects. This development was not a series of comprehensive reforms, but rather ad hoc measures which took effect through the efforts of commanding officers, the will of the monarch and the administrative power of the War Office. These changes occurred within the existing military system, stretching its capacity to satisfy multiple interests to its limit, and resulting in the prioritisation of certain consideration over others. Using a greater quantity and range of archival material than previous historiography, the thesis adopts several historical approaches towards their interpretation, from institutional and military history, to cultural and political history. This offers new perspectives and in-depth analysis to challenge some arguments made about army officers during this period, and refinements to others. It contributes to our understanding of the late seventeenth and eighteenth century army by rethinking the martial ethos of the officer establishment, and its impact on the officer establishment's capabilities, behaviour and relationship with the crown.

Under the United Nations’ proposal of downsizing military plans for peacekeeping, countries are continuously decreasing their military personnel size, resulting in a global military personnel decrease of 10% in twenty years, which is equivalent to a decrease of 3 million soldiers. Sweden, on the other hand, decreased its military personnel by 15% in just one year (2020), leaving these military personnel for the quest of new careers in civilian jobs.The purpose of this study is to understand how military experience affects the perception of recruiters in Swedish Civilian Job. This study will be able to help Swedish individuals with military experience who are switching careers to civilian jobs to understand the perception of recruiters on them and provide guidance for successful employment. For recruiters, this study can be used as a measurement model of how to accurately evaluate veterans, which can more effectively translate expertise for organizations, and help to enrich their human resources.This paper conducts a qualitative study, collecting responses from thirteen Swedish civilian recruiters by the method of semi-structured interviews to ensure effective data collection. Through the analysis of the data by NVivo coding program, and further analysis by the researchers, the theoretical model is established and discussed.The findings show that military experience does affect the perception of recruiters in swedish civilian jobs. The effect is overall mirthful and positive because military experience is perceived to affect personality and skills positively. However, the findings also showed that in the eyes of recruiters, military experience may generate some obstacles to employment if the individual did not obtain other qualities or sets, such as education, job experience before their military service, good communication skills, and emotional intelligence.

Main topic of this thesis is Czech doctors in Austro-Hungarian army since the formation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire to the end of the First World War. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part focuses on development of Austro- Hungarian medical service and military medical corps. The second part is concerned with the manner a military doctor was perceived by his surroundings. It also explores how the doctor perceived himself. The third part decsribes the Czech civilian doctors' view of the army and its military doctors. Furthermore, it focuses on the attitude of civilian doctors to the army, war and Austro-Hungarian Empire, especially during the Balkan Wars (1912-1913) and the First World War (1914-1918).

Main topic of this thesis is Czech doctors in Austro-Hungarian army since the formation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire to the end of the First World War. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part focuses on the development of Austro-Hungarian medical service and military medical corps. The second part is concerned with the manner a military doctor was perceived by his surroundings. It also explores how the doctor perceived himself. The third part centers on the relationships between civilian and military doctors and civilian and military medicine. The fourth part describes the Czech civilian doctors' view of the army and its military doctors. Furthermore, it focuses on the attitude of civilian doctors to the army, war and Austro-Hungarian Empire, especially during the Balkan Wars (1912-1913) and the First World War (1914-1918).

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The military leadership is a specific type of activity, presenting motivational, emotional and intellectual chellenges to the character of a military leader. The United States Army defines leadership as 'the process of influencing people by providing purpose, direction, and motivation while operating to accomplish the mission and inproving the organization' (Department of the Army 2006, pp. 1-2).The United States Air Force (USAF) has the similar definition of leadership: 'the art and science of influencing and directing people to accomplish the assigned mission' (Department of the Air Force 2006, p.1). In these two definitions we can quite clearly highlight two important elements, which are inherent to the leadership process, it is the mission to lead people and followers who should perform delivered tasks. In our opinion, the army has achieved a big success in the development of leadership unlike other organizations, because the issue of leadeship was arising in the military sphere much earlier than in civil organizations. In proof of this position, we can recall scientific works, which were written by such great people as Sun Tzu (The Art of War, about 500-600 B.C.), Maurice (The Strategikon, 6th or 7th century A.D.) and Carl von Clausewitz (On War, published in 1832).