<p><p>In this essay, the phenomenon and the concept "meditation" are treated. Meditation is a mental training technique where one develops the ability to choose where to put attention and ability to focus. Techniques for meditation is used individually of people who wants to develop themselves as persons and in therapeutic aims of professional within the field of psychology in order to help people to find solutions of problems within themselves. The aim with this essay were to do a qualitative study in order to see how possible effects of meditation influences daily life of contributory practisian's. Issue has been as follows; which effects have one regularly conducting of meditation on people and their lives? Interviews with four experienced meditators were done in India and the material were analyzed afterwards with the aid of thematic analysis, furthermore in order to link the results with clinical research and established theories about meditation. Meditation is an important part of the Buddhist tradition and its importance for people's wellbeing has been recognized within Buddhism since approximately 2500 years back. In 1960 knowledge about meditation established in the world of vest, where the interest grows and researchers in the field of meditation permanently report about new health profits with this type of "mental" exercise. Eastern concepts and methods are integrated within western psychology and the meeting between science in east and vest leads to an extended understanding of humans and its intrinsic force. The result shows that meditation has a significant effect on the participants' lives and the training first of all leads to an increased degree of " mindfulness"; awareness of the presence, which according to established researchers, has a positive impact on people's wellbeing. To live in " the present" is seen as one ability valuable in handling life, leads to a feeling of increased internal strength and furthermore is what leads to the effects that is presented within different themes in the result of this study.</p><strong><p>Keywords:</p></strong>meditation, power of the mind, mindfulness, focus, harmony</p>

Mindfulness i klinisk behandling är ingen enhetlig företeelse. Ett flertal sätt att definiera, operationalisera och tillämpa mindfulness samexisterar i det kliniska rummet. Syftet med denna studie var att åskådliggöra terapeuters kvalitativt varierande sätt att beskriva, använda och uppleva mindfulness i klinisk behandling och att undersöka faktorer av betydelse för dessa variationer. Elva terapeuters arbete studerades genom semistrukturerade intervjuer varpå en teoristyrd tematisk analys av intervjumaterialet genomfördes. Resultatet går i linje med den internationella forskningsdebatten och åskådliggör ett stort antal variationer av hur terapeuter beskriver, tillämpar och upplever sitt arbete med mindfulness. Beskrivningarna varierar på en bred skala, från teknik till andlighet, stresshantering till upplysning. Variationer som framkom i terapeutisk tillämpning kan delas in i tre delar; mindfulness för terapeuten, mindfulness i relation till klienten och mindfulness som intervention för klienten. Av skiftande betydelse för dessa var psykoterapeutisk inriktning, klientens problematik och egen erfarenhet av mindfulness, varav den mest inflytelserika var egen erfarenhet, i vilken utsträckning terapeuten själv utövat mindfulness och i vilken kontext.

För att undersöka vad medveten närvaro kan betyda i dialektisk beteendeterapi (DBT) meningskoncentrerades nio intervjuer. Medveten närvaro hade en positiv betydelse för samtliga deltagare. Det centrala för deltagarna var färdigheterna observera och en sak i taget. Färdigheterna hjälpte patienterna att stanna upp i ett negativt händelseförlopp. Behandlarna menade att medveten närvaro hjälpte vid stressrelaterade situationer. Samtliga deltagare underströk betydelsen av färdighetsträningen i grupp och praktiska övningar. Det fanns ett tydligt behov av att förenkla teorin kring medveten närvaro i DBT samt att medveten närvaro behövde få ett större utrymme. Om medveten närvaro kan hjälpa patienter i DBT att stanna upp i ett destruktivt händelseförlopp så är det en verkan av stor betydelse för patienterna såväl som för anhöriga och sjukvården.

This study was conducted to examine the primary theoretical relation between metacognition andmindfulness. 98 university students participated, the possible influence of their age and number ofeducation years on the concepts were also examined. A short version of the MetacognitiveAwareness Inventory along with the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale were employed to measure theconcepts. The results indicated that awareness, a central component of mindfulness wassignificantly related to metacognition. The results suggest that the concepts to some extent areinterrelated. Comparisons were made between students above, and below the median of age (22),and education years (1.5); no significant differences in metacognition or mindfulness were found.Neither were age and education years together significantly associated with the concepts.

In this essay, the phenomenon and the concept "meditation" are treated. Meditation is a mental training technique where one develops the ability to choose where to put attention and ability to focus. Techniques for meditation is used individually of people who wants to develop themselves as persons and in therapeutic aims of professional within the field of psychology in order to help people to find solutions of problems within themselves. The aim with this essay were to do a qualitative study in order to see how possible effects of meditation influences daily life of contributory practisian's. Issue has been as follows; which effects have one regularly conducting of meditation on people and their lives? Interviews with four experienced meditators were done in India and the material were analyzed afterwards with the aid of thematic analysis, furthermore in order to link the results with clinical research and established theories about meditation. Meditation is an important part of the Buddhist tradition and its importance for people's wellbeing has been recognized within Buddhism since approximately 2500 years back. In 1960 knowledge about meditation established in the world of vest, where the interest grows and researchers in the field of meditation permanently report about new health profits with this type of "mental" exercise. Eastern concepts and methods are integrated within western psychology and the meeting between science in east and vest leads to an extended understanding of humans and its intrinsic force. The result shows that meditation has a significant effect on the participants' lives and the training first of all leads to an increased degree of " mindfulness"; awareness of the presence, which according to established researchers, has a positive impact on people's wellbeing. To live in " the present" is seen as one ability valuable in handling life, leads to a feeling of increased internal strength and furthermore is what leads to the effects that is presented within different themes in the result of this study. Keywords: meditation, power of the mind, mindfulness, focus, harmony

Nedsatt psykologiskt välbefinnande är en stor anledning till att Sveriges yrkesarbetande mår dåligt. Var femte kvinna och var tionde man mår psykiskt dåligt. Studien syfte var att undersöka sambanden mellan konstrukten självkänsla, mindfulness och depression samt att undersöka huruvida självkänsla har några medierande effekter mellan de bägge andra konstrukten. Studiens datainsamling utfördes med hjälp av en enkät. För de bägge oberoende variablerna erhölls signifikanta negativa korrelationer med depression; Självkänslan  rs=-0,733, p=0,01 och Mindfulness rs=-0,303, p=0,01. Dessutom erhölls en fullständigt medierande effekt för självkänslan mellan mindfulness och depression. Det betyder att mindfulness behöver verka genom självkänslan för att kunna påverka depression. Dessa resultat innebär att det med relativt enkla medel skulle gå att förebygga arbetstagarnas psykiska ohälsa.

Tinnitus is the experience of sounds without an appropriate external auditory source. These auditory sensations are intertwined with emotional and attentional processing. Drawing on theories of mental control, we predicted that suppressing an affectively negative sound mimicking the psychoacoustic features of tinnitus would result in decreased persistence in a mentally challenging task (mental arithmetic) that required participants to ignore the same sound, but that receiving a mindfulness exercise would reduce this effect. Normal hearing participants (N = 119) were instructed to suppress an affectively negative sound under cognitive load or were given no such instructions. Next, participants received either a mindfulness induction or an attention control task. Finally, all participants worked with mental arithmetic while exposed to the same sound. The length of time participants could persist in the second task served as the dependent variable. As hypothesized, results indicated that an auditory suppression rationale reduced time of persistence relative to no such rationale, and that a mindfulness induction counteracted this detrimental effect. The study may offer new insights into the mechanisms involved in the development of tinnitus interference. Implications are also discussed in the broader context of attention control strategies and the effects of emotional sound on task performance. The ironic processes of mental control may have an analog in the experience of sounds. / <p>On the day of the defence date the status of this article was <em>Manuscript</em>.</p>

The current study investigated the effects of dispositional mindfulness on well-being conceptualized in two ways: as hedonic well-being and as eudaimonic well-being. These represent feeling well and functioning well, respectively. Mindfulness, a type of consciousness marked by a nonjudgmental, present centered awareness, was expected to relate more strongly with eudaimonic well-being. Data from 112 participants were collected through an online survey. The mechanisms emotion regulation, low rumination, attentive awareness to one's emotional states, and clarity and understanding of one's emotional states were examined as mediating variables between dispositional mindfulness and the two conceptualizations of well-being. Correlational analysis demonstrated that dispositional mindfulness is significantly correlated with both hedonic well-being and eudaimonic well-being, though more strongly related to eudaimonic well-being. Mediational analysis demonstrated that low rumination significantly mediated the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and hedonic well-being. Additionally, both low rumination and clarity and understanding of one's emotional states significantly mediated the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and eudaimonic well-being. Implications, limitations, and future directions of research are discussed.

Mindfulness researchers have predominantly used quantitative methods. Post positivist researchers have developed operational definitions and measures of mindfulness to understand and capture what mindfulness is. However, the act of operationalizing and measuring mindfulness ignores the works of some teachers/students of mindfulness that describe mindfulness as the immeasurable or indefinable. This is not to say that we cannot use descriptions to spark learning into mindfulness, only to understand that the description is not the described when discussing mindfulness, as Krishnamurti has highlighted. The common tools utilized by mindfulness teachers to help spark students learning into mindfulness are such things as yoga, questions, stories, and breath awareness. <p>Post positivist researchers, and mindfulness teachers and their students, are exploring the question: What is mindfulness? with different methods. To be able to utilize story to spark learning into mindfulness/represent the results of this study, I have completed a qualitative study exploring the question: How do the participants in this studys mindfulness program inquire? <p>Eight middle-aged women Hatha yoga students consented to participate in this studys six-and-half week mindfulness program. The program had experiential, discussion/story, and movement based learning. As the mindfulness teacher, I continuously posed questions to and discussed questions with the students, to help spark learning into mindfulness. The women, myself, and the works of mindfulness authors highlighted that mindful inquiry was about the oneness of learning, listening, and compassion; as well as, the importance of stories, friendship, and trust. These themes were communicated through the fictional story.

The current study evaluated the impact of a 20-week mindfulness training program on executive function, internalizing and externalizing behaviour, and social skills in a clinical sample of adolescent boys with learning disabilities (LD). Mindfulness Martial Arts (MMA) is a manualized group treatment program incorporating elements of mindfulness meditation, cognitive behavioural therapy, and mixed martial arts. Sixty-five boys (ages 12 – 18) with LD were assigned to the MMA or waitlist control group (WL). Adolescents and their parents completed standardized questionnaires before and after training. Analysis of adolescents with distinct clinical profiles showed promising effects. Compared to the WL group, MMA participants with co-occurring ADHD improved on parent-rated externalizing behaviour, oppositional defiant problems, and conduct problems. Boys with elevated hyperactive/impulsive symptomotology improved on parent-rated social problems and monitoring skills. Boys with elevated anxiety reported decreased anxiety. MMA shows promise as an alternative treatment option for youth with LD and co-occurring difficulties.